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| VRTX > SEC Filings for VRTX > Form 10-K on 1-Mar-2013 | All Recent SEC Filings |
1-Mar-2013
Annual Report
OVERVIEW
We are in the business of discovering, developing, manufacturing and
commercializing small molecule drugs for patients with serious diseases. Over
the last two years, we have obtained approval for, and initiated commercial
sales of, our first two products: INCIVEK (telaprevir), which we market in the
United States and Canada for the treatment of adults with genotype 1 hepatitis C
virus, or HCV, infection; and KALYDECO (ivacaftor), which we market in the
United States, Canada and Europe for the treatment of patients six years of age
and older with cystic fibrosis, or CF, who have a specific genetic mutation that
is referred to as the G551D mutation. We receive royalties from sales in Europe
and other countries of telaprevir, which is marketed as INCIVO, by our
collaborator, Janssen Pharmaceutica, N.V.
We invest in scientific innovation to create transformative medicines for
patients with serious diseases, with a focus on specialty markets. Our strategy
is to make focused investments to invent and develop innovative drugs, while we
continue to market INCIVEK and KALYDECO to eligible patients to generate
revenues and maintain a strong financial position.
Each of our products has achieved rapid acceptance for the treatment of patients
in the United States, and our total revenues have increased from $143.4 million
in 2010 to $1.5 billion in 2012. Our 2012 total revenues included INCIVEK net
product revenues of $1.2 billion and KALYDECO net product revenues of $171.6
million. As of December 31, 2012, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable
securities of $1.3 billion. We expect that our total net product revenues will
decline in 2013. Our net product revenues from sales of INCIVEK declined over
the course of 2012, and we expect this trend to continue due to reduced demand
for current therapies for HCV infection, as it appears that new competitive
therapies will reach the market over the next several years. We expect that
KALYDECO product revenues will increase in 2013 as compared to 2012, as we
secure reimbursement for KALYDECO in additional international markets. In the
future, we expect that our ability to increase net product revenues will be
dependent upon increasing KALYDECO sales and introducing one or more of our
late-stage development products to the market.
In the near term, we plan to focus most of our drug development investment on
the following key programs:
Cystic Fibrosis - Our goal is to develop treatment regimens that will provide
benefits to as many patients with CF as possible and to maximize those benefits.
We are conducting three Phase 3 label-expansion clinical trials and a
proof-of-concept clinical trial of ivacaftor monotherapy in people with certain
mutations in their cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, or CFTR,
gene that were not studied in prior Phase 3 clinical trials. In February 2013,
we initiated an international pivotal Phase 3 development program to evaluate
combinations of ivacaftor and our investigational CF corrector VX-809 for
patients with the most prevalent genetic mutation that causes CF.
HCV - We are investigating all-oral, interferon-free treatment regimens that are
12 weeks or less in duration with a goal of providing a high viral cure rate and
improved tolerability, in order to be commercially competitive in the HCV market
of the future. We plan to conduct multiple Phase 2 clinical trials to evaluate
all-oral combination treatment regimens that include our HCV nucleotide analogue
VX-135 together with molecules that have potentially complimentary mechanisms,
such as ribavirin, or RBV, HCV protease inhibitors, HCV NS5A inhibitors and
non-nucleoside HCV polymerase inhibitors.
Autoimmune Diseases - We are evaluating our JAK3 inhibitor, VX-509, in a Phase 2
clinical trial that is expected to enroll approximately 350 patients with
rheumatoid arthritis.
We may seek collaborators for some of our drug candidates in order to diversify
risk, broaden or accelerate or otherwise benefit a development program in an
effort to fully-realize the value of a drug candidate.
We plan to continue investing in our research programs and supporting scientific
innovation in order to identify and develop transformative medicines. We believe
that pursuing research in diverse areas allows us to balance the risks inherent
in drug development and may provide the drug candidates that will form our
pipeline in future years. We have later-stage research programs in the areas of
cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis and cancer.
Discovery and development of a new pharmaceutical product is a difficult and
lengthy process that requires significant financial resources along with
extensive technical and regulatory expertise and can take 10 to 15 years or
more. Potential drug candidates are subjected to rigorous evaluations, driven in
part by stringent regulatory considerations, designed to
generate information concerning efficacy, side-effects, proper dosage levels and
a variety of other physical and chemical characteristics that are important in
determining whether a drug candidate should be approved for marketing as a
pharmaceutical product. Most chemical compounds that are investigated as
potential drug candidates never progress into development, and most drug
candidates that do advance into development never receive marketing approval.
Because our investments in drug candidates are subject to considerable risks, we
closely monitor the results of our discovery research, clinical trials and
nonclinical studies, and frequently evaluate our drug development programs in
light of new data and scientific, business and commercial insights, with the
objective of balancing risk and potential. This process can result in relatively
abrupt changes in focus and priority as new information becomes available and we
gain additional understanding of our ongoing programs and potential new programs
as well as those of our competitors.
If we believe the data from a completed registration program support approval of
a drug candidate, we submit a New Drug Application, or NDA, to the United States
Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, requesting approval to market the drug
candidate in the United States and seek analogous approvals from comparable
regulatory authorities in foreign jurisdictions. To obtain approval, we must,
among other things, demonstrate with evidence gathered in nonclinical studies
and well-controlled clinical trials that the drug candidate is safe and
effective for the disease it is intended to treat and that the manufacturing
facilities, processes and controls for the manufacture of the drug candidate are
adequate. The FDA and foreign regulatory authorities have substantial discretion
in deciding whether or not a drug candidate should be granted approval based on
the benefits and risks of the drug candidate in the treatment of a particular
disease, and could delay, limit or deny regulatory approval. If regulatory
delays are significant or regulatory approval is limited or denied altogether,
our financial results and the commercial prospects for the drug candidate
involved will be harmed.
CF
KALYDECO (ivacaftor) is approved in the United States, Canada and the European
Union for the treatment of patients with CF six years of age and older who have
the G551D mutation on at least one allele of the CFTR gene. We are continuing
our work in CF to identify and develop treatment regimens that will provide
benefits to as many patients with CF as possible and to maximize those benefits.
We have multiple ongoing clinical development programs to evaluate our CF
treatment regimens, and our research group is working to identify additional
corrector compounds that could be included in future dual- and/or
triple-combination treatment regimens that have the potential to provide
additional benefits to patients with CF.
Ivacaftor (monotherapy)
We are conducting three Phase 3 label-expansion clinical trials and a Phase 2
clinical trial of ivacaftor monotherapy:
• We have completed enrollment in a Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating
ivacaftor in patients six years of age and older with CF with gating
mutations other than the G551D mutation.
• We are continuing enrollment in a Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating ivacaftor in patients six years of age and older with CF with the R117H mutation in the CFTR gene on at least one allele.
• We have begun dosing patients in a Phase 3 clinical trial in which we are evaluating a pediatric formulation of ivacaftor as a treatment for children two to five years of age with gating mutations in the CFTR gene, including the G551D mutation.
• We are enrolling patients in a Phase 2 clinical trial in which we are evaluating ivacaftor in patients with CF who have clinical evidence of residual CFTR function.
If we are able to establish that these additional patient groups will benefit from ivacaftor monotherapy, there is the potential to increase the number of patients eligible for treatment with ivacaftor monotherapy to more than 10% of patients with CF. We expect to obtain data from the Phase 3 clinical trials evaluating patients six years of age and older in 2013.
VX-809 in Combination with Ivacaftor
In February 2013, we initiated an international pivotal Phase 3 clinical program
to evaluate combinations of VX-809 and ivacaftor in patients with CF who have
two copies of the F508del mutation in their CFTR gene (homozygous). We plan to
conduct two 24-week Phase 3 clinical trials that are designed to support
approval of the combination of VX-809 and ivacaftor for patients 12 years of age
and older. Each Phase 3 clinical trial will enroll approximately 500 patients
with CF who are homozygous for the F508del mutation, for a total of
approximately 1,000 patients. The two clinical trials have the same design and
together will be conducted at approximately 200 clinical trial sites in North
America, Europe and Australia. We expect to obtain final safety and efficacy
data from both Phase 3 clinical trials in 2014. If these trials are successful,
we plan to submit an NDA to the FDA in 2014 and a Marketing Authorization
Application, or MAA, to the European Medicines Agency, or EMA.
We also plan to conduct an 8-week exploratory Phase 2 clinical trial of VX-809
in combination with ivacaftor in patients with CF who are 12 years of age and
older and who have one copy of the F508del mutation in the CFTR gene and a
pharmacokinetics and safety clinical trial to evaluate VX-809 in combination
with ivacaftor in children with CF six to eleven years of age who have two
copies of the F508del mutation. If successful, we plan to use the data from the
pharmacokinetics and safety clinical trial, along with data from the two Phase 3
clinical trials, for registration in the United States in patients six to eleven
years of age, following registration in patients 12 years of age and older, and
are continuing discussions with European regulatory agencies for patients in
this age group.
HCV
Janssen and we market INCIVEK/INCIVO in direct competition with
Merck & Co., Inc.'s VICTRELIS™ (boceprevir), another HCV protease inhibitor that
was approved for sale in the United States and Europe in 2011. We expect that a
number of new therapies for HCV infection will become available to patients over
the next several years. The most advanced drug candidates, Gilead's GS-7977 and
Janssen's TMC435, may be approved for administration in combination with
pegylated-interferon, or peg-IFN, and RBV, as soon as late 2013 or 2014. The
top-line results reported by Gilead and Janssen from recently completed Phase 3
clinical trials suggest that the safety and efficacy profiles of GS-7977 and
TMC435 will position them, if approved, to potentially take a significant
portion of the market for HCV therapies.
We plan to compete in the HCV infection market as it shifts away from current
treatment regimens, including our INCIVEK triple-combination therapy, to
regimens that incorporate new drugs with improved safety, efficacy and/or
tolerability, by pursuing development of all-oral regimens incorporating one or
more of our drug candidates, particularly our HCV nucleotide analogue VX-135. A
number of pharmaceutical companies are investigating combination regimens that
incorporate one or more of an HCV protease inhibitor, an HCV nucleotide
analogue, an HCV non-nucleotide polymerase inhibitor or an NS5A inhibitor.
Clinical trials of these investigational combination regimens are being
conducted in a wide variety of patient populations, including treatment-naïve
and treatment-failure patients, and across all HCV genotypes, which respond
differently to different combinations of molecules employing different
mechanisms. In the future, we expect that the market for any specific HCV
treatment regimen, including INCIVEK triple-combination therapy, could be
affected by the introduction of new competitive drugs or drug combinations,
sales from currently approved drugs, adverse information regarding the safety
characteristics or efficacy of the regimen, significant new information
regarding potential treatment regimens being evaluated in clinical trials, and
enrollment by patients in clinical trials being conducted by us or our
competitors. While it is possible that a portion of patients with HCV infection
would continue to benefit from treatment regimens that include peg-IFN, we
expect that treatment regimens that include the administration of peg-IFN by
injection will command a relatively small portion of the overall market.
We are evaluating potential all-oral treatment regimens in planned and ongoing
Phase 2 clinical trials in order to determine which regimen or regimens appear
likely to provide benefits to patients and to take forward into Phase 3 clinical
development. Some of our competitors' potential all-oral treatment regimens are
more advanced, including all-oral treatment regimens that are being evaluated in
Phase 3 clinical trials by Gilead and Abbvie, Inc. While the development and
regulatory timelines for drug candidates for the treatment of HCV infection are
subject to risk and uncertainty, and the development of a number of HCV
infection drug candidates, including Bristol-Myers Squibb's BMS-986094 and one
of our two HCV nucleotide analogues, ALS-2158, ended in 2012, we believe that
(i) substantial additional clinical data regarding potential all-oral treatment
regimens will become available in 2013 and (ii) it is possible that one or more
all-oral treatment regimens for genotype 1 HCV infection could be commercially
available as soon as late 2014. As a result, if we are successful in developing
all-oral treatment regimens that include VX-135 and/or VX-222, independently or
with a collaborator, it is likely
that our all-oral treatment regimens would compete directly with one or more
previously approved all-oral treatment regimens.
Drug Supply
In order to generate revenues from our approved products, we must manufacture,
or have manufactured, our products in accordance with our specifications and
regulatory requirements and in sufficient quantities to satisfy demand. We rely
on an international network of third parties to manufacture and distribute our
products and for supplies of compounds for clinical trials, and we expect that
we will continue to rely on third parties to provide these manufacturing
services for the foreseeable future. Third-party contract manufacturers,
including some in China, supply us with raw materials, and contract
manufacturers in the European Union and the United States convert these raw
materials into drug substance and convert the drug substance into final dosage
form. Establishing and managing this global supply chain requires a significant
financial commitment and the creation and maintenance of numerous third-party
relationships. Although we believe we effectively manage the business
relationships with companies in our supply chain, we do not have complete
control over their activities.
We require a supply of INCIVEK for commercial sale in the United States and
Canada. We attempt to manage our INCIVEK inventory levels based on forecasted
demand, which has had variable results due to the rapidly evolving nature of the
HCV market, which resulted in decreased demand for INCIVEK. We currently believe
that we have sufficient supply to meet forecasted demand for INCIVEK. In
addition, we have significant quantities of materials that we do not expect to
utilize.
We require a supply of ivacaftor for commercial sale (as KALYDECO) and for use
in our clinical trials. We obtain ivacaftor to meet our commercial and clinical
supply needs through a third-party manufacturing network. Our supply chain
includes sole source suppliers. A disruption in the commercial supply of
KALYDECO for patients would have a significant impact on patients, our business
and our product revenues. A disruption in the clinical supply of ivacaftor could
delay the completion of clinical trials and impact timelines for filing an sNDA
or NDA. Accordingly, we are in the process of establishing secondary sources for
our KALYDECO supply needs to reduce the risk of a supply disruption. In 2013, we
plan to obtain an alternative source for the active ingredient of ivacaftor,
which is a sole-sourced material that is critical to the supply of ivacaftor,
and to obtain second source suppliers in 2014 for other components of the
ivacaftor supply chain. There can be no assurance that we will be able to
establish secondary sources for all of our KALYDECO supply needs on a timely
basis or at all.
Regulatory Compliance
Our marketing of pharmaceutical products, which began in 2011, is subject to
extensive and complex laws and regulations. We have a corporate compliance
program designed to actively identify, prevent and mitigate risk through the
implementation of compliance policies and systems and the promotion of a culture
of compliance. Among other laws, regulations and standards, we are subject to
various federal and state laws pertaining to health care fraud and abuse,
including anti-kickback and false claims statutes, and laws prohibiting the
promotion of drugs for unapproved, or off-label, uses. Anti-kickback laws make
it illegal for a prescription drug manufacturer to solicit, offer, receive or
pay any remuneration in exchange for, or to induce, the referral of business,
including the purchase or prescription of a particular drug. False claims laws
prohibit anyone from presenting for payment to third-party payors, including
Medicare and Medicaid, claims for reimbursed drugs or services that are false or
fraudulent, claims for items or services not provided as claimed or claims for
medically unnecessary items or services. We expect to continue to devote
substantial resources to maintain, administer and expand these compliance
programs globally.
Operations
Over the last several years we experienced significant growth and expanded our
operations globally to support the launch of our first two products and our
continued investment in key development and research programs. We are planning
to move our corporate headquarters and a majority of our employees from a number
of buildings in Cambridge, Massachusetts into a new facility in Boston,
Massachusetts in the first half of 2014. This move is intended to allow us to
consolidate our headquarters into one campus and to update our physical
infrastructure, including our laboratories and other research facilities. In
order to manage the global expansion of our business and our move to these new
headquarters, we will need to enhance our cross-functional operational,
financial and management processes while continuing to attract and maintain
highly skilled employees. We expect that managing our growing operations will be
challenging and will require significant financial and management resources.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
2012/2011 2011/2010
Comparison Comparison
Increase Increase Increase/
2012 2011 2010 (Decrease) Increase (Decrease) (Decrease) (Decrease)
(in thousands) (in thousands, except percentages)
Revenues $ 1,527,042 $ 1,410,626 $ 143,370 $ 116,416 8 % $ 1,267,256 884 %
Operating costs and
expenses 1,524,710 1,296,806 839,447 227,904 18 % 457,359 54 %
Other loss, net (53,467 ) (72,641 ) (58,549 ) (19,174 ) (26 )% 14,092 24 %
Net loss (income)
attributable to
noncontrolling interest
(Alios) (55,897 ) (11,605 ) - 44,292 382 % 11,605 n/a
Net income (loss)
attributable to Vertex $ (107,032 ) $ 29,574 $ (754,626 ) n/a n/a n/a n/a
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Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Vertex
Net loss attributable to Vertex was $(107.0) million in 2012 compared to net
income attributable to Vertex of $29.6 million in 2011. The net loss
attributable to Vertex in 2012 as compared to the net income attributable to
Vertex in 2011 was due to increased operating expenses partially offset by
increased revenues. Our increased revenues in 2012 as compared to 2011 were due
to increased INCIVEK net product revenues, increased INCIVO royalty revenues and
KALYDECO net product revenues for which there were no comparable revenues in
2011, partially offset by decreased collaborative revenues. Our operating costs
and expenses increased in 2012 as compared to 2011, principally due to increased
research and development expenses, increased sales, general and administrative
expenses and increased cost of product revenues.
In 2012, net income (loss) attributable to Vertex was negatively affected by an
aggregate of $133.2 million in lower of cost or market charges for excess and
obsolete INCIVEK inventories and an increase in the fair value of contingent
milestone payments and royalties payable by us to Alios of $115.0 million. In
2011, net income attributable to Vertex was negatively affected by an impairment
charge that had a net effect of $73.1 million and an increase in the fair value
of contingent milestone payments and royalties payable by us to Alios of $70.0
million.
In 2010, prior to the obtaining marketing approval for our first product in
2011, we had net loss attributable to Vertex of $(754.6) million. Our increased
revenues in 2011 as compared to 2010 were the result of INCIVEK net product
revenues and collaborative milestone revenues in 2011 for which there were no
comparable revenues in 2010. Our increased revenues were partially offset by
increased operating costs and expenses in 2011 as compared to 2010.
Our operating costs and expenses in 2012, 2011 and 2010 included $114.3 million,
$118.2 million and $91.1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation
expense.
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Vertex per Diluted Share
Net loss attributable to Vertex was $(0.50) per diluted share in 2012 as
compared to net income attributable to Vertex of $0.14 per diluted share in 2011
and net loss attributable to Vertex of $(3.77) per diluted share in 2010.
Revenues
2012/2011 2011/2010
Comparison Comparison
2012 2011 2010 Increase/(Decrease) Increase/(Decrease) Increase/(Decrease) Increase/(Decrease)
(in thousands) (in thousands, except percentages)
Product revenues, net $ 1,333,458 $ 950,889 $ - $ 382,569 40 % $ 950,889 n/a
Royalty revenues 141,498 50,015 30,244 91,483 183 % 19,771 65 %
Collaborative revenues 52,086 409,722 113,126 (357,636 ) (87 )% 296,596 262 %
Total revenues $ 1,527,042 $ 1,410,626 $ 143,370 $ 116,416 8 % $ 1,267,256 884 %
Product Revenues, Net
2012 2011 2010
(in thousands)
INCIVEK $ 1,161,813 $ 950,889 $ -
KALYDECO 171,645 - -
Total product revenues, net $ 1,333,458 $ 950,889 $ -
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Our total net product revenues increased by 40% in 2012 as compared to 2011 due
to increased INCIVEK net product revenues in 2012 as compared to 2011 and
KALYDECO net product revenues in 2012 for which there were no comparable
revenues in 2011. In 2013, we expect that total product revenues will decline
due to an expected decrease in INCIVEK net product revenues partially offset by
an expected increase in KALYDECO net product revenues.
We began recognizing net product revenues from sales of INCIVEK in the second
quarter of 2011. Our INCIVEK net product revenues increased by $210.9 million in
2012 as compared to 2011 due to our recognition of INCIVEK net product revenues
over a full fiscal year in 2012 as compared to for a partial fiscal year in
2011. INCIVEK net product revenues have been declining on a quarterly basis
since reaching a peak in the fourth quarter of 2011 and were $222.8 million in
the fourth quarter of 2012. The declines in INCIVEK net product revenues in 2012
were principally due to decreasing numbers of patients with genotype 1 HCV
infection who chose to start treatment with available treatment options. We
believe these decreases are the result of a combination of factors, including
new safety and efficacy data that have been reported by our competitors
regarding treatment regimens for HCV infection that may become commercially
available over the next several years.
We began recognizing net product revenues from sales of KALYDECO in the first
quarter of 2012, and KALYDECO net product revenues increased on a quarterly
basis during 2012. Since its approval, most eligible patients in the United
States have initiated and are receiving treatment with KALYDECO. KALYDECO net
product revenues were $58.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2012, including
$8.6 million of net product revenues from countries in Europe. Further increases
in KALYDECO net product revenues in 2013 are dependent on ongoing reimbursement
decisions in international markets. We currently receive funding for KALYDECO
from France and Germany, while we are continuing to discuss the reimbursement
rate we will receive in those countries in future periods. Funding for KALYDECO
has been recommended in England and Ireland, and we anticipate that
reimbursement in these countries will begin in the second quarter of 2013.
Royalty Revenues
Janssen obtained approval to market INCIVO in the European Union in the third
quarter of 2011. Our royalty revenues increased by $91.5 million in 2012 as
compared to 2011 due to a $97.3 million increase in royalty revenues from sales
. . .
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