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RPT > SEC Filings for RPT > Form 10-K on 27-Feb-2013All Recent SEC Filings

Show all filings for RAMCO GERSHENSON PROPERTIES TRUST | Request a Trial to NEW EDGAR Online Pro

Form 10-K for RAMCO GERSHENSON PROPERTIES TRUST


27-Feb-2013

Annual Report


Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto, and the comparative summary of selected financial data appearing elsewhere in this report. Discontinued operations are discussed in Note 5 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8. The financial information in this MD&A is based on results from continuing operations.

Overview

We are a fully integrated, self-administered, publicly-traded REIT specializing in the ownership, management, development and redevelopment of community shopping centers located predominantly in the Eastern and Midwestern regions of the United States. Most of our properties are multi-anchored by supermarkets and/or national chain stores. Our primary business is managing and leasing space to tenants in the shopping centers we own. We also manage centers for our unconsolidated joint ventures for which we charge fees. Our credit risk, therefore, is concentrated in the retail industry.

At December 31, 2012, we owned and managed, either directly or through our interest in real estate joint ventures, a total of 78 shopping centers and one office building, with approximately 15.0 million square feet of gross leasable area owned by us and our joint ventures. We also owned interests in three parcels of land held for development and five parcels of land adjacent to certain of our existing developed properties located in Florida, Georgia, Michigan, Tennessee, and Virginia.

We are predominantly a community shopping center company with a focus on managing and adding value to our portfolio of centers that are primarily multi-anchored by grocery stores and/or nationally recognized discount department stores. We believe that centers with a grocery and/or discount component attract consumers seeking value-priced products. Since these products are required to satisfy everyday needs, customers usually visit the centers on a weekly basis. Over 46.0% of the GLA of our shopping centers are anchored by tenants that sell groceries. Supermarket anchor tenants in our centers include, among others, Publix Super Market, Whole Foods, Supervalu and Kroger. National chain anchor tenants in our centers include, among others, TJ Maxx/Marshalls, Bed Bath and Beyond, Home Depot and Kohl's

Our shopping centers are primarily located in targeted metropolitan markets areas predominantly in the Eastern and Midwestern regions of the United States. Our focus on these markets has enabled us to develop a thorough understanding of the unique characteristics of our markets. In both of our primary regions, we have concentrated a number of centers in reasonable proximity to each other in order to achieve efficiencies in management, leasing and acquiring new properties.

In our existing centers, we focus on aggressive rental and leasing strategies and the value-added redevelopment of such properties. We strive to increase rental income over time through contractual rent increases and leasing and re-leasing of available space at higher rental levels, while balancing the needs for an attractive and diverse tenant mix. See Item 2, "Properties" for additional information on rental revenue and lease expirations. In addition, we assess each of our centers periodically to identify improvement opportunities and proactively engage in renovation and expansion activities based on tenant demands, market conditions and capital availability. We also recognize the importance of customer satisfaction and spend a significant amount of resources to ensure that our centers have sufficient amenities, appealing layouts and proper maintenance.

As opportunities arise and market conditions permit, we may sell mature properties or non-core assets, which have less potential for growth or are not viable for redevelopment. We intend to utilize the proceeds from such sales to reduce outstanding debt, or fund development and redevelopment activities, or fund selective acquisition opportunities.

We intend to maximize shareholder value through a well-defined business strategy that incorporates the following elements:

· Leasing and managing our shopping centers to increase occupancy, maximize rental income, and control operating expenses and capital expenditures;

· Redeveloping our centers to increase gross leasable area, reconfigure space for credit tenants, create outparcels, sell excess land, and generally make the centers more desirable for our tenants and their shoppers;

· Acquiring new shopping centers that are located in targeted metropolitan markets and that provide opportunities to add value through intensive leasing, management, or redevelopment;

· Developing our land held for development into income-producing investment property, subject to market demand, availability of capital and adequate returns on our incremental capital;

· Selling non-core shopping centers and redeploying the proceeds into investments that meet our criteria;

· Selling available-for-sale land parcels and using the proceeds to pay down debt or reinvest in our business;

· Maintaining a strong and flexible balance sheet by capitalizing our Company with a moderate ratio of debt to equity and by financing our investment activities with various forms and sources of capital; and

· Managing our overall enterprise to create an efficient organization with a strong corporate culture and transparent disclosure for all stakeholders.


The economic performance and value of our shopping centers are dependent on various factors. The general economic environment in the United States and credit availability began to see improvement during 2012 but continued high unemployment and the slower rate of growth may affect our tenant's abilities to pay base rent, percentage rent or other charges, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Further, our ability to re-lease vacant spaces may be negatively impacted by the slow national economic recovery. These factors may impact the valuation of certain long-lived or intangible assets that are subject to impairment testing, potentially resulting in impairment provisions which may be material to our financial condition or results of operations. While we believe the locations of our centers and our diverse tenant base should mitigate the negative impact of the economic environment, we may experience an increase in vacancy that will have a negative impact on our revenue and bad debt expense. We continue to monitor our tenants' operating performance as well as trends in the retail industry to evaluate any future impact.

Critical Accounting Policies

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Critical accounting policies are those that are both significant to the overall presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and require management to make difficult, complex or subjective judgments. For example, significant estimates and assumptions have been made with respect to useful lives of assets, capitalization of development and leasing costs, recoverable amounts of receivables and initial valuations and related amortization periods of deferred costs and intangibles.

The following discussion relates to what we believe to be our most critical accounting policies that require our most subjective or complex judgment.

Revenue Recognition

Our shopping center space is generally leased to retail tenants under leases that are classified as operating leases. We recognize minimum rents using the straight-line method over the terms of the leases commencing when the tenant takes possession of the space and when construction of landlord funded improvements is substantially complete. Certain of the leases also provide for contingent percentage rental income which is recorded on an accrual basis once the specified target that triggers this type of income is achieved. The leases also provide for recoveries from tenants of common area maintenance ("CAM"), real estate taxes and other operating expenses. The majority of our recoveries are estimated and recognized as revenue in the period the recoverable costs are incurred or accrued. Revenues from management, leasing, and other fees are recognized in the period in which the services have been provided and the earnings process is complete. Lease termination income is recognized when a lease termination agreement is executed by the parties and the tenant vacates the space. When a lease is terminated early but the tenant continues to control the space under a modified lease agreement, the lease termination fee is generally recognized evenly over the remaining term of the modified lease agreement.

Current accounts receivable from tenants primarily relate to contractual minimum rent, percentage rent, real estate taxes, and CAM or other operating expense reimbursements.

Accounts Receivable and Accrued Rent

We provide for bad debt expense based upon the allowance method of accounting. We continuously monitor the collectability of our accounts receivable from specific tenants, analyze historical bad debts, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends and changes in tenant payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for bad debts. Allowances are taken for those balances that we have reason to believe will be uncollectible. When tenants are in bankruptcy, we make estimates of the expected recovery of pre-petition and post-petition claims. The period to resolve these claims can exceed one year. Management believes the allowance for doubtful accounts is adequate to absorb currently estimated bad debts. However, if we experience bad debts in excess of the allowance we have established, our operating income would be reduced. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, our accounts receivable were $8.0 million and $9.6 million, respectively, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $2.6 million and $3.5 million, respectively.


In addition, many of our leases contain non-contingent rent escalations for which we recognize income on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable lease term. This method results in rental income in the early years of a lease being higher than actual cash received, creating a straight-line rent receivable asset which is included in the "Other Assets" line item in our consolidated balance sheets. We review our unbilled straight-line rent receivable balance to determine the future collectability of revenue that will not be billed to or collected from tenants due to early lease terminations, lease modifications, bankruptcies and other factors. Our evaluation is based on our assessment of tenant credit risk changes indicating that expected future straight-line rent may not be realized. Depending on circumstances, we may provide a reserve against the previously recognized straight-line rent receivable asset for a portion, up to its full value, that we estimate may not be received. The balance of straight-line rent receivable at December 31, 2012 and 2011, net of allowances was $14.8 million and $16.0 million, respectively and is included in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. To the extent any of the tenants under these leases become unable to pay their contractual cash rents, we may be required to write down the straight-line rent receivable from those tenants, which would reduce our operating income.

Real Estate Investment

Income Producing

Real estate assets that we own directly are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives for computing depreciation are generally 25 - 40 years for buildings and 10 - 20 years for parking lot surfacing and equipment. We capitalize all capital improvement expenditures associated with replacements and improvements to real property that extend the property's useful life and depreciate such improvements over their estimated useful lives ranging from 5 - 30 years. In addition, we capitalize tenant leasehold improvements and depreciate them over the shorter of the useful life of the improvements or the term of the related tenant lease. We consider a number of different factors to evaluate whether we or the tenant is the owner of the tenant improvement for accounting purposes. These factors include: 1) whether the lease stipulates how and on what a tenant improvement allowance may be spent; 2) whether the tenant or landlord retains legal title to the improvements; 3) the uniqueness of the improvements; 4) the expected economic life of the tenant improvements relative to the term of the lease; and 5) who constructs or directs the construction of the improvements. We depreciate all tenant improvements over the shorter of the useful life of the improvements or the term of the related tenant lease. We charge maintenance and repair costs that do not extend an asset's life to expense as incurred.

Sale of a real estate asset is recognized when it is determined that the sale has been consummated, the buyer's initial and continuing investment is adequate, our receivable, if any, is not subject to future subordination, and the buyer has assumed the usual risks and rewards of ownership of the assets.

Development and Redevelopment

Real estate also includes costs incurred in the development of new operating properties and the redevelopment of existing operating properties. These properties are carried at cost and no depreciation is recorded on these assets until the commencement of rental revenue or no later than one year from the completion of major construction. These costs include pre-development costs directly identifiable with the specific project, development and construction costs, interest, real estate taxes and insurance. Interest is capitalized on land under development and buildings under construction based on the weighted average rate applicable to our borrowings outstanding during the period and the weighted average balance of qualified assets under development/redevelopment during the period. Indirect project costs associated with development or construction of a real estate project are capitalized until the earlier of one year following substantial completion of construction or when the property becomes available for occupancy.

The capitalized costs associated with development and redevelopment projects are depreciated over the useful life of the improvements. If we determine a development or redevelopment project is no longer probable, we expense all capitalized costs which are not recoverable.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions of properties are accounted for utilizing the acquisition method and, accordingly, the results of operations of an acquired property are included in our results of operations from the date of acquisition. Estimates of fair values are based upon future cash flows and other valuation techniques in accordance with our fair value measurements policy, which are used to record the purchase price of acquired property among land, buildings on an "as if vacant" basis, tenant improvements, identifiable intangibles and any gain on purchase. Identifiable intangible assets and liabilities include the effect of above-and below-market leases, the value of having leases in place ("as-is" versus "as if vacant" and absorption costs), and out-of-market assumed mortgages. Initial valuations are subject to change until such information is finalized, no later than twelve months from the acquisition date. The impact of these estimates, including incorrect estimates in connection with acquisition values and estimated useful lives, could result in significant differences related to the purchased assets, liabilities and resulting gain on purchase, depreciation or amortization. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, we recorded in general and administrative expenses approximately $0.2 million, $0.1 million, and $0.3 million, respectively, in costs associated with the closing of our acquisitions.


The estimated fair value of acquired in-place leases are the costs we would have incurred to lease the properties to the occupancy level of the properties at the date of acquisition. Such estimates include the fair value of leasing commissions, legal costs and other direct costs that would be incurred to lease the properties to such occupancy levels. Additionally, we will evaluate the time period over which such occupancy levels would be achieved. Such evaluation will include an estimate of the net market-based rental revenues and net operating costs (primarily consisting of real estate taxes, insurance and CAM) that would be incurred during the lease-up period. Acquired in-place leases as of the date of acquisition are amortized over the remaining lease term.

Acquired above-and below-market lease values are recorded based on the present value (using an interest rate that reflects the risks associated with the lease acquired) of the difference between the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and management's estimate of fair market value lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases. The capitalized above-and below-market lease values are amortized as adjustments to rental revenue over the remaining terms of the respective leases, which includes periods covered by bargain renewal options. Should a tenant terminate its lease prior to expiration, the unamortized portion of the in-place lease value is charged to amortization expense and the unamortized portion of out-of-market lease value is charged to rental revenue.

Impairment

We review our investment in real estate, including any related intangible assets, for impairment on a property-by-property basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the remaining estimated useful lives of those assets may warrant revision or that the carrying value of the property may not be recoverable. For operating properties, these changes in circumstances include, but are not limited to, changes in occupancy, rental rates, tenant sales, net operating income, geographic location, and real estate values. The viability of all projects under construction or development, including those owned by unconsolidated joint ventures, are regularly evaluated under applicable accounting requirements, including requirements relating to abandonment of assets or changes in use. To the extent a project, or individual components of the project, are no longer considered to have value, the related capitalized costs are charged against operations.

Determining whether an investment in real estate is impaired and the amount of any such impairment requires considerable management judgment. In the event that management changes its intended holding period for an investment in real estate, impairment may result even without any other event or change in circumstances related to that investment. For example, a determination to sell land held for development rather than to develop the land and hold the developed asset may result in impairment. Similarly, a decision to sell an income producing property rather than to hold it may result in impairment. Under certain circumstances, management may use probability-weighted scenarios related to an investment in real estate, and the use of such analysis may also result in impairment. Impairment provisions resulting from any event or change in circumstances, including changes in management's intentions or management's analysis of varying scenarios, could be material to our consolidated financial statements.

We recognize an impairment of an investment in real estate when the estimated undiscounted cash flow is less than the net carrying value of the property. If it is determined that an investment in real estate is impaired, then the carrying value is reduced to the estimated fair value as determined by cash flow models and discount rates or comparable sales in accordance with our fair value measurement policy.

In 2012, we recorded impairment provisions of $1.4 million related to land held for development or sale primarily due to additional costs to ready parcels for sale and changes in estimated market value of parcels in our Stafford County, Virginia project. In addition, we recorded $2.9 million of impairment provisions related to income producing properties. Our decision to sell additional income producing properties accounted for $0.4 million of this impairment due to the estimated sales price being lower than the net book value of one property. The balance of $2.5 million of impairment relates to a property that was previously held in a consolidated partnership that conveyed its ownership interest in the property to the lender in 2012. See Notes 6 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information.


Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have five equity investments in unconsolidated joint venture entities in which we own 30% or less of the total ownership interest. Because we can influence but not make significant decisions without our partner's approval these investments are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. We provide leasing, development, asset and property management services to these joint ventures for which we are paid fees. Entities identified as variable interest entities are consolidated if we are determined to be the primary beneficiary of the partially owned real estate joint venture. Refer to Note 7 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

We review our equity investments in unconsolidated entities for impairment on a venture-by-venture basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the equity investment may not be recoverable. These changes in circumstances include, but are not limited to, declines in real estate values in general, increases in interest rates in general, or decreases in net operating income and occupancy of the properties held in the unconsolidated joint venture.

In testing for impairment of equity investments in unconsolidated entities, we primarily use cash flow models, discount rates, and capitalization rates to estimate the fair values of properties held in joint ventures, and mark the debt of the joint ventures to market. Determining whether an equity investment in an unconsolidated entity is impaired and, if so, the amount of the impairment requires considerable management judgment. Changes to assumptions regarding cash flows, discount rates, or capitalization rates could be material to our consolidated financial statements. We record an impairment provision when it is determined that a decline in value is other than temporary. In 2012, we recorded a non-cash impairment provision of approximately $0.4 million resulting from other-than-temporary declines in the fair market value of equity investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. Refer to Note 6 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

Fair Value Measurements

Certain financial instruments, estimates and transactions are required to be calculated, reported and/or recorded at fair value. The estimated fair values of such financial items, including, debt instruments, impairments, acquisitions and derivatives, have been determined using a market-based measurement. This measurement is determined based on the assumptions that management believes market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, GAAP establishes three fair value levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The assessed inputs used in determining any fair value measurement could result in incorrect valuations that could be material to our consolidated financial statements. These levels are:

Level 1     Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded
            in active markets.
Level 2     Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in
            active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in
            markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for
            which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
Level 3     Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least
            one significant assumption not observable in the market. These
            unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market
            participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

We utilize fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Derivative instruments (interest rate swaps) are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record certain assets, such as impaired real estate assets, at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Deferred Charges

Debt financing costs are amortized primarily on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method, over the terms of the debt. Lease costs represent the initial direct costs incurred in origination, negotiation and processing of a lease agreement. Such costs include outside broker commissions, legal, and other independent third party costs, as well as salaries and benefits, travel, and other internal costs directly related to completing a lease and are amortized over the life of the lease on a straight-line basis. Costs related to supervision, administration, unsuccessful originations efforts and other activities not directly related to the execution of leases are charged to expense as incurred.


Results of Operations

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2012 to the Year Ended December 31, 2011

The following summarizes certain line items from our audited statements of operations which we believe are important in understanding our operations and/or those items that have significantly changed during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to 2011:

                                            Year Ended December 31,
                                                                               Dollar      Percent
                                                 2012             2011         Change       Change
                                                (In thousands)
Total revenue                            $    128,738       $  117,574     $   11,164          9.5 %
Recoverable operating expense                  32,955           30,856          2,099          6.8 %
Other non-recoverable operating
expense                                         2,838            3,540           (702 )      -19.8 %
Depreciation and amortization                  39,479           34,594          4,885         14.1 %
General and administrative expense             19,445           19,646           (201 )       -1.0 %
. . .
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