You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under "Risk Factors" or in other parts of this Form 10-K.

Overview

We provide a social business platform that improves business results by enabling a more productive and effective workforce through enhanced communications and collaboration both inside and outside the enterprise. Organizations deploy our platform to improve employee productivity, enhance revenue opportunities, lower operational costs, increase customer retention and improve strategic decision making. Our platform is offered on a subscription basis, deployable in a private or public cloud and used for internal or external communities. We generate revenues from platform license fees as well as from professional service fees for configuration, implementation and training.

We sell our comprehensive Jive Social Business Platform across two principal communities: internally for employees within the enterprise and externally for customers and partners outside the enterprise. Internally focused communities comprised 65.8% of our Jive Social Business Platform revenues in 2012. As the market for social business software within the enterprise continues to grow, we expect revenues from internally focused communities to continue to be higher than revenues generated from externally focused communities.

We offer our platform both as a public cloud service and as a private cloud solution. In March 2012, we released Jive Cloud, one of our public cloud services that is on a quarterly release cycle and is a non-customizable version of our platform. Additionally, in May 2012, we released Try Jive, a 30-day free trial version of the Jive Cloud offering. Try Jive is a sales enablement tool, targeted at departments within larger organizations with the intent of driving viral adoption organically within the enterprise. In 2012, product revenues from all public cloud deployments, including Jive Cloud, represented 62.8% of total product revenues. With the release of Jive Cloud and Try Jive, we anticipate that, over the long-term, public cloud deployments of our platform will comprise an increasing portion of our business.

Historically, we have generated the largest portion of our revenues from sales to customers within the United States. Revenues from customers in the United States accounted for 77.4% of total revenues in 2012. We are continuing to focus on expanding our sales headcount and channel partners internationally, and we anticipate the percentage of our revenues generated outside of the United States will increase in the future.

In response to our growing customer base outside of the United States, as well as the increase in public cloud deployments, we opened an internally managed data center in the Netherlands in 2012. Additionally, we plan to continue our investment in our hosting infrastructure by opening another internally managed data center in Asia in 2013 as we continue to focus on international expansion in the region.

During 2012, we acquired two businesses to enhance and strengthen our platform. On November 21, 2012, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Producteev LLC, or Producteev, a cloud-based project and task management company. The total purchase consideration of $7 million was comprised entirely of cash. On November 5, 2012, we also acquired all of the outstanding shares of Meetings.io, a cloud-based real-time video, chat and screen sharing collaboration company. The total purchase consideration of $3.0 million was comprised of $0.6 million in cash and 211,936 shares of our common stock with a fair value on November 5, 2012 of $2.4 million. We also issued 248,064 shares of common stock subject to repurchase to certain Meetings.io employees which vest over a three-year period contingent upon the continued employment of the recipients. The fair value of these shares on the grant date was $2.8 million, which is being recognized as stock-based compensation over the three-year vesting period.

Also in the fourth quarter of 2012, we entered into a partnership with the consultancy, PwC US, which will pair our social business platform with PwC's consulting services in order to help our customers implement and realize the benefits of our platform. We expect to continue to invest in partnership programs and other indirect sales channels in order to continue to grow our customer base.

Seasonality

Our fourth quarter has historically been our strongest quarter for new billings and renewals. This pattern may be amplified over time if the number of customers with renewal dates occurring in the fourth quarter continues to increase. Furthermore, our quarterly sales cycles are frequently weighted toward the end of the quarter, with an increased volume of sales in the last few weeks of each quarter. The year-over-year compounding effect of this seasonality in billing patterns and overall new business and renewal activity has historically resulted in the value of invoices that we generate in the fourth quarter increasing in proportion to our billings in the other three quarters of our fiscal year. We expect this trend to continue in 2013 and in future years.

Non-GAAP Key Metrics

In addition to GAAP metrics such as total revenues and gross margin, we also regularly review billings, a non-GAAP measure, and the number of Jive Social Business Platform customers to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, allocate capital and make strategic decisions.

Billings

The following tables set forth a reconciliation of total revenues to billings
(dollars in thousands):



                                                Year Ended December 31,
                                                                                 Dollar
                                                  2012             2011          Change       % Change
Total revenues                                $    113,666       $  77,285
Deferred revenue, end of period                    117,047          77,826
Less: deferred revenue, beginning of period        (77,826 )       (50,195 )

Billings                                      $    152,887       $ 104,916      $ 47,971           45.7 %

                                                Year Ended December 31,
                                                                                 Dollar
                                                  2011             2010          Change       % Change
Total revenues                                $     77,285       $  46,268
Deferred revenue, end of period                     77,826          50,195
Less: deferred revenue, beginning of period        (50,195 )       (24,617 )

Billings                                      $    104,916       $  71,846      $ 33,070           46.0 %

We monitor billings, a non-GAAP measure, in addition to other financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP to manage our business, make planning decisions, evaluate our performance and allocate resources. We believe that this non-GAAP measure offers valuable supplemental information regarding the performance of our business, and it will help investors better understand the sales volumes and performance of our business.

Our use of billings has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for total revenues or an analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

• billings is not a substitute for total revenues, as billings are recognized when invoiced, while revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term;

• billings can include fees paid for license terms greater than 12 months and for subscription renewals prior to the expiration of the current subscription term and, therefore, does not always closely match with the timing of delivery of support, maintenance, and hosting services and the costs associated with delivering those services;

• changes to the composition of current period billings may impact the correlation of current period billings to future period revenues;

• billings would not exclude any agreements that contain customer acceptance provisions or other contractual contingencies that would require deferral of revenue required under GAAP; and

• other companies, including companies in our industry, may not use billings, may calculate non-GAAP measures differently or may use other financial measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP measures as comparative measures.

We consider billings a significant performance measure and a leading indicator of future recognized revenue based on our business model of billing for subscription licenses annually and recognizing revenue ratably over the subscription term. The billings we record in any particular period reflect sales to new customers plus subscription renewals and upsell to existing customers, and represent amounts invoiced for product subscription license fees and professional services. We typically invoice our customers for subscription fees in annual increments upon initiation of the initial contract or subsequent renewal. In addition, we also enter into arrangements with customers to purchase subscriptions for a term greater than 12 months, most typically 36 months. For subscriptions greater than 12 months, the customer has the option of being invoiced annually or paying for the full term of the subscription at the time the contract is signed. If the customer elects to pay the full multi-year amount at the time the contract is signed, the total amount billed for the entire term will be reflected in billings. If the customer elects to be invoiced annually, only the amount billed for the 12-month period will be included in billings. The portion of subscription terms under contract and not yet invoiced is considered backlog and is not reflected on our consolidated balance sheet as deferred revenue. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, we had backlog of approximately $31.3 million and $26.7 million, respectively. Of the $31.3 million in backlog as of December 31, 2012, approximately 24% is expected to be billed and recognized as revenue within 2013.

Billings for consulting services typically occur on a bi-weekly basis as the services are delivered.

The increases in billings in the periods presented were primarily driven by increased upsell of our products to existing customers and the addition of new customers.

Jive Social Business Platform Customers

We define the number of platform customers at the end of any given measurement period by counting every customer under active contract for the Jive Social Business Platform that carries a balance in our deferred revenue account at the end of that period. While a single customer may have multiple internal and external communities to support distinct departments, operating segments or geographies, we only include that customer once for purposes of this metric. The Jive Social Business Platform includes Jive Cloud. We believe the number of Jive Social Business Platform customers is a leading indicator of our future revenues, billings and upsell opportunities.

Our Jive Social Business Platform customer count was as follows:

Our product revenue growth was 53.3% and 72.5%, respectively in 2012 compared to 2011 and in 2011 compared to 2010. Our product revenues have grown at a faster rate than our customer count as we have realized greater upsell with our existing customers.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenues

We generate revenues primarily in the form of software subscription fees and professional services for strategic consulting, configuration, implementation and other services related to our software. We offer our products with subscription terms typically ranging from 12 to 36 months. In addition to sales of our platform, our revenues include fees for sales of modules, additional users and page views. While subscription-based licenses make up the substantial majority of our product revenues, in limited instances we license our software to customers on a perpetual basis, with ongoing support and maintenance services. Revenues generated through the sale of subscription licenses also include fees for updates and maintenance. We recognize revenue from professional services ratably over the subscription term when they are bundled with a subscription license, because we do not have fair value of all the various services. These amounts, when recognized, are classified as professional services revenues on our consolidated statements of operations based on the hourly rates at which they are billed.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of product revenues includes all direct costs to produce and distribute our product offerings, including data center and support personnel, depreciation and maintenance related to equipment located at our hosting service providers and in our Jive managed data centers, salaries, rent for our data centers, web hosting services expense for public cloud and Jive Cloud implementations, third-party royalty costs, benefits, amortization of acquired intangible assets and stock-based compensation.

Cost of professional services revenues includes all direct costs to provide our professional services, which primarily include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for our professional services personnel, as wells as consulting and outside services. We recognize expenses related to our professional services organization as they are incurred, while the majority of associated professional services revenues are recognized ratably over the subscription term.

Cost of revenues also includes allocated overhead costs for facilities and information technology. Allocated costs for facilities consist of rent and depreciation of equipment and leasehold improvements related to our facilities. Our allocated costs for information technology include costs for compensation of our information technology personnel and the cost associated with our information technology infrastructure. Our overhead costs are allocated to all departments based on headcount.

We expect that cost of revenues may increase in the future depending on the growth rate of our new customers and billings and our need to support the implementation, hosting and support of those new customers. We also expect that cost of revenues as a percentage of total revenues could fluctuate from period to period depending on growth of our services business and any associated costs relating to the delivery of services, the timing of sales of products that have royalties associated with them, the amount and timing of amortization of intangibles from acquisitions and the timing of significant expenditures.

Research and Development

To date, research and development expenses have been expensed as incurred. To the extent that we develop software classified as internal-use in the future, we may be required to capitalize the related development expenses. These expenses include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for our engineers and developers, allocated facilities costs and payments to third parties for research and development of new software. We focus our research and development efforts on developing new versions of our platform with new and expanded features and enhancing the ease of use of our platform. We believe that continued investment in our technology is important for our future growth, and, as a result, we expect research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars although they may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenues.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of salaries, incentive compensation and benefits, travel expense, marketing program fees, partner referral fees and stock-based compensation. Sales incentive compensation is recorded as earned as a component of sales and marketing expense. Sales incentive compensation is generally earned at the time a customer enters into a binding purchase agreement while associated revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription term. In addition, sales and marketing expenses include customer acquisition marketing, branding, advertising, customer events and public relations costs, as well as allocated facilities costs. We plan to continue investing heavily in sales and marketing to expand our global operations, increase revenues from current customers, build brand awareness and expand our indirect sales channel. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars and remain our largest expense in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenues, although they may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenues.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for our executive, finance, legal, information technology, human resources and other administrative employees. In addition, general and administrative expenses include legal and accounting services, outside consulting, facilities and other supporting overhead costs not allocated to other departments. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we continue to expand our business domestically and internationally and incur additional expenses associated with being a publicly traded company.

Other Expense, Net

Other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest expense on our outstanding debt and foreign exchange gains and losses, as well as income related to our investments. In addition, the 2011 and 2010 periods include changes in the fair value of our Series C preferred stock warrants. The Series C preferred stock warrants were exercised late in the third quarter of 2011 and, therefore, we will not incur charges related to these warrants in subsequent periods.

Provision For (Benefit From) Income Taxes

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes consists of federal and state income taxes in the United States and income taxes in certain foreign tax jurisdictions. Since we have generated net losses, we have placed a valuation allowance against any potential future benefits for loss carryforwards and research and development and other tax credits.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. These principles require us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, cash flow and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Our estimates include those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, stock-based compensation, lives and recoverability of equipment and other long-lived assets, including goodwill, and accounting for income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and our actual results, our future financial statements will be affected.

We believe that of our significant accounting policies, which are described in Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K, the following accounting policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, we believe these are the most critical to fully understand and evaluate our financial condition and results of operations.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenues in the form of product fees and related professional service fees. Product fees include subscription fees, perpetual license fees, associated support and maintenance fees and hosting fees. Professional services primarily consist of fees for configuration, training, consultation and implementation services, which are not essential to functionality. For statement of operations classification purposes, we allocate revenues to professional services based on the hourly rate billed for time and materials arrangements and based on the total fixed fee for fixed fee professional services. We recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are met:

• there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement;

• the product or services have been delivered to the customer;

• the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and

• the collection of the related fees is reasonably assured.

Signed agreements are used as evidence of an arrangement. If a contract signed by the customer does not exist, we have historically used a purchase order as evidence of an arrangement. In cases where both a signed contract and a purchase order exist, we consider the signed contract to be the final persuasive evidence of an arrangement. Software and corresponding license keys are delivered to customers electronically. Electronic delivery occurs when we provide the customer with access to the software. We assess whether a fee is fixed or determinable at the outset of the arrangement, primarily based on the payment terms associated with the transaction. We do not generally offer extended payment terms with typical terms of payment due between 30 and 60 days from delivery of product or services. However, for professional services that are billable under a time and materials based arrangement, these fees are neither fixed nor determinable until the work is performed and the fee becomes billable to the customer. We assess collectability of the customer receivable based on a number of factors such as collection history with the customer and creditworthiness of the customer. If we determine that collectability is not reasonably assured, revenue is deferred until collectability becomes reasonably assured, generally upon receipt of cash.

We offer subscriptions of our solutions to customers most frequently on a term basis with terms typically ranging from 12 to 36 months. While term-based licenses make up the majority of our total revenues, we have occasionally licensed our solutions to customers on a perpetual basis with on-going support and maintenance services. We recognize license revenue in accordance with software industry specific guidance. Revenues related to term license fees are recognized ratably over the contract term beginning on the date the customer has access to the software license key and continuing through the end of the contract term. For term-based licenses, we do not charge separately for standard support and maintenance, and, therefore, inherent in the license fees are fees for support and maintenance services for the duration of the license term. As fees for support and maintenance are always bundled with the license over the entire term of the contract, we do not have vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") of fair value for support and maintenance. Revenues generated from perpetual license sales also include support and maintenance services for an initial stated term, both the perpetual license and support and maintenance are recognized ratably over the initial stated term. We do not have VSOE of fair value for support and maintenance on perpetual licenses as we have not had sufficient consistently priced standalone sales of support and maintenance.

In situations where we have contractually committed to an individual customer specific technology, we defer all of the revenue for that customer until the technology is delivered and accepted. Once delivery occurs, we then recognize the revenue over the remaining contract term.

License arrangements may also include professional services, such as installation and training services, which are typically delivered early in the contract term. This combination of products and services represents a multiple-element arrangement for revenue recognition purposes. We have determined that we do not have VSOE of fair value for each element of a multiple-element sales arrangement and, accordingly, we account for fees received under that multiple-element arrangement as a single unit of accounting and recognize the fees for the entire arrangement ratably, commencing on delivery of the software, over the longer of the term of the support and maintenance or the period over which professional services are delivered. Support and maintenance is always the last undelivered element in the arrangement and, therefore, we recognize the fixed portion of the fees ratably over the support and maintenance term. For contracts with multiple elements, we recognize the license, support and maintenance, and fixed fee professional service revenue ratably over the term of the arrangement beginning upon delivery of the software. We believe this method most closely reflects the economics of the transaction as we deliver access to the software and we begin providing support and maintenance services as of the date the software is delivered.

Professional services are offered on both our fixed fee and our time and materials hourly billing arrangements. For time and materials-based professional services that are part of a multiple-element arrangement where the fees for the professional services are not fixed or determinable upon delivery of the software, revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term as the related fees become fixed. These fees are not considered fixed at the outset of the arrangement and become fixed as the related work is performed and the fees are earned and billed. These services are typically provided early in the contract term with completion typically occurring in the first six months. As these fees become fixed, they are added to the total fee for the multiple-element arrangement and recognized ratably with all other arrangement fees over the entire contract term. When billed, a cumulative revenue catch-up is calculated as the revenue earned from the date the software was made available to the customer to the date services have been completed, with recognition continuing ratably to the end of the contract term. These amounts, when recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, are classified as professional services revenues based on the hourly rates at which they are billed. If there are significant acceptance clauses associated with the license or services or uncertainty associated with our ability to perform the professional services, revenues are deferred until the acceptance is received or the uncertainty is . . .