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| SKH > SEC Filings for SKH > Form 10-Q on 8-Aug-2012 | All Recent SEC Filings |
8-Aug-2012
Quarterly Report
whom we contract to better focus on delivery of healthcare services. We have one
such service agreement with an unrelated facility operator. These subsidiaries
focus on providing high-quality care to our patients. Our subsidiaries that
operate skilled nursing facilities have a strong commitment to treating patients
who require a high level of skilled nursing care and extensive rehabilitation
therapy, whom we refer to as high-acuity patients. As of June 30, 2012, we owned
or leased 74 skilled nursing facilities and 22 assisted living facilities,
together comprising 10,409 licensed beds. We also lease five skilled nursing
facilities in California to an unaffiliated third party operator. Our skilled
nursing and assisted living facilities, approximately 77.2% of which we own, are
located in California, Texas, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada and New
Mexico, and are generally clustered in large urban or suburban markets. For the
six months ended June 30, 2012, we generated approximately 72.2% of our revenue
from our skilled nursing facilities, including our integrated rehabilitation
therapy services at these facilities. The remainder of our revenue is generated
from our assisted living services, rehabilitation therapy services provided to
third-party facilities, hospice care and home health services, and or lease of
five skilled nursing facilities to an unaffiliated third party operators.
Revisions to Prior Period Amounts
We recently identified errors related to certain claims under Medicare Part B
for blood glucose testing at certain of our affiliated companies. Although blood
glucose tests are routinely ordered by physicians to safely monitor vulnerable
patients' blood glucose levels, effective January 1, 2007, CMS redefined the
criteria for "medical necessity" before a Medicare claim for such a test is
payable. The new criteria specifies the nature of a physician order for the
blood glucose test, the frequency of a physician's review of the test results
and the frequency of a physician's utilization of the test results in the
patient's plan of care or treatments. The documentation and other requirements
for Medicare Part B billing of blood glucose testing that took effect in January
2007 significantly limited the number of blood glucose tests that are
reimbursable compared to those that were previously reimbursable. Our internal
policies changed at the time to be consistent with new Medicare regulations.
Subsequent to January 1, 2007, a number of our affiliated companies incorrectly
continued to bill Medicare under the rules that existed prior to January 1,
2007. The billing errors resulted in a cumulative overstatement of consolidated
revenue in the amount of $5.8 million for the period from January 1, 2007 to
December 31, 2011. The affiliated companies submitted approximately 30,000
claims related to blood glucose testing in the affected period that were not
reimbursable under the revised standard. The affected providers have refunded
all previously paid post 2006 Medicare Part B claims for blood glucose tests.
In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting
Standards Codification ("ASC") No. 250-10-S99 ("ASC 250-10-S99"), we evaluated
these refunds and, based on an analysis of quantitative and qualitative factors,
determined that they were not material to any of the prior reporting periods
affected and, therefore, amendment of previously filed reports with the
Securities and Exchange Commission was not required. However, if the adjustments
to correct the cumulative effect of the aforementioned refunds had been recorded
in the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, the impact would have been
material to those two periods. Therefore, as required by Staff Accounting
Bulletin ("SAB") 108, we have revised in this filing previously reported
financial information for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, 2009,
2008, and 2007, and for the quarterly periods in fiscal years 2011 and 2010.
Also, in accordance with SAB 108, we will include this revised financial
information when we file subsequent reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-K or files
a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
The prior period financial statements included in this filing have been revised
to reflect the correction of the aforementioned errors, see Note 2 - "Correction
of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements," to our Condensed
Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 for additional information
on these revisions. The condensed consolidated statement of operations for the
quarter ended March 31, 2012 has not been restated. Revenue for the quarter
ended March 31, 2012 was overstated by $0.3 million. This correction has been
recorded as an adjustment to revenue in the quarter ended June 30, 2012, as this
amount was not material to the operating results for the period then ended.
Despite the fact that our affected subsidiaries have refunded all of the
reimbursements they received in connection with the Medicare Part B claims for
all blood glucose tests after January 1, 2007, some refunded claims could
nonetheless potentially lead to allegations that any of the affected
subsidiaries are subject to sanctions under the Federal False Claims Act or the
Federal Civil Monetary Penalties Law. Such sanctions could lead to any
combination of a variety of criminal, civil and administrative penalties, which
could be material both individually and in the aggregate. We cannot determine
the likelihood that any penalties might be imposed related to this refund and
has not accrued for any such penalties. See "Revenue we receive from Medicare
and Medicaid is subject to potential retroactive reduction or repayment" in Part
II, Item 1A of this report for additional information.
Industry Trends
Medicare and Medicaid Reimbursement
Rising healthcare costs due to a variety of factors, including an aging
population and increasing life expectancies, has in
recent years increased demand for post-acute healthcare services, such as
skilled nursing, assisted living, home health care, hospice care and
rehabilitation therapy. In an effort to mitigate the cost of providing
healthcare benefits, third party payors including Medicare, Medicaid, managed
care providers, insurance companies and others have increasingly encouraged the
treatment of patients in lower-cost care settings. As a result, in recent years
skilled nursing facilities, which typically have significantly lower cost
structures than acute care hospitals and certain other post-acute care settings,
have generally been serving larger populations of higher-acuity patients than in
the past. Despite this growth in demand, uncertainty over Medicare and Medicaid
reimbursement rates persists. Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates are
subject to change from time to time and, because revenue derived directly or
indirectly from Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement has historically comprised
the most significant portion of our consolidated revenue, a reduction in rates
could materially and adversely impact our revenue.
Medicare reimburses our skilled nursing facilities under a prospective payment
system ("PPS") for certain inpatient covered services. Under the PPS, facilities
are paid a predetermined amount per patient, per day, based on the anticipated
costs of treating patients. The amount to be paid is determined by classifying
each patient into a resource utilization group ("RUG") category that is based
upon each patient's acuity level. In October 2010, the number of RUG categories
was expanded from 53 to 66 as part of the implementation of the RUGs IV system
and the introduction of a revised and substantially expanded patient assessment
tool called the minimum data set (MDS) version 3.0.
On July 29, 2011, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ("CMS") issued a
final rule providing for, among other things, a net 11.1% reduction in PPS
payments to skilled nursing facilities for CMS's fiscal year 2012 (which began
October 1, 2011) as compared to PPS payments in CMS's fiscal year 2011 (which
ended September 30, 2011). The 11.1% reduction was on a net basis, after the
application of a 2.7% market basket increase, and reduced by a 1.0% multi-factor
productivity adjustment required by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act of 2010 ("PPACA"). The final CMS rule also adjusted the method by which
group therapy is counted for reimbursement purposes, and changed the timing in
which patients who are receiving therapy must be reassessed for purposes of
determining their RUG category.
On July 27, 2012, CMS issued a final rule providing for, among other things, a
net 1.8% increase in PPS payments to skilled nursing facilities for CMS's fiscal
year 2013 (which begins October 1, 2012) as compared to PPS payments in CMS's
fiscal year 2012 (which ends September 30, 2012). The 1.8% increase was on a net
basis, after the application of a 2.5% market basket increase, and reduced by a
0.7% multi-factor productivity adjustment required by PPACA.
In July 2012, CMS issued its final rule for hospice services its the 2013 fiscal
year. The rule includes a market basket increase of 2.6% less 0.3% reduction in
the market basket as a result of the ACA and a 0.7% reduction due to
productivity adjustment. After adjusting for the wage index in our hospice
agencies, we estimate that the net impact on our hospice service operations will
be a decrease of 0.7% in our reimbursement rates effective October 1, 2012.
Should future changes in PPS include further reduced rates or increased
standards for reaching certain reimbursement levels (including as a result of
automatic cuts tied to federal deficit cut efforts or otherwise), our Medicare
revenues derived from our skilled nursing facilities (including rehabilitation
therapy services provided at our skilled nursing facilities) could be reduced,
with a corresponding adverse impact on our financial condition and results of
operation. Our rehabilitation therapy, hospice and home health care businesses
are also to a large degree directly or indirectly dependent on (and therefore
affected by changes in) Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates. For example,
our rehabilitation therapy business may have difficulty increasing or
maintaining the rates it has negotiated with third party nursing facilities in
light of the reduced PPS reimbursement rates that took effect on October 1, 2011
as discussed above or future reductions in reimbursement rates.
We also derive a substantial portion of our consolidated revenue from Medicaid
reimbursement, primarily through our skilled nursing business. Medicaid programs
are administered by the applicable states and financed by both state and federal
funds. Medicaid spending nationally has increased substantially in recent years,
becoming an increasingly significant component of state budgets. This, combined
with slower state revenue growth and other state budget demands, has led both
the federal government and many states, including California and other states in
which we operate, to institute measures aimed at controlling the growth of
Medicaid spending (and in some instances reducing it).
Historically, adjustments to reimbursement under Medicare and Medicaid have had
a significant effect on our revenue and results of operations. Recently enacted,
pending and proposed legislation and administrative rulemaking at the federal
and state levels could have similar effects on our business. Efforts to impose
reduced reimbursement rates, greater discounts and more stringent cost controls
by government and other payors are expected to continue for the foreseeable
future and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results
of operations. Additionally, any delay or default by the federal or state
governments in making Medicare and/or Medicaid reimbursement payments could
materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Federal Health Care Reform
In addition to the matters described above affecting Medicare and Medicaid
participating providers, PPACA enacted several reforms with respect to skilled
nursing facilities, home health agencies and hospices, including payment
measures to
realize significant savings of federal and state funds by deterring and
prosecuting fraud and abuse in both the Medicare and Medicaid programs. While
many of the provisions of PPACA will not take effect for several years or are
subject to further refinement through the promulgation of regulations, some key
provisions of PPACA are presently effective.
• Enhanced CMPs and Escrow Provisions. PPACA includes expanded civil
monetary penalty ("CMP") and related provisions applicable to all
Medicare and Medicaid providers. CMS rules adopted to implement
applicable provisions of PPACA also provide that assessed CMPs may
be collected and placed in whole or in part into an escrow pending
final disposition of the applicable administrative and judicial
appeals processes. To the extent our businesses are assessed large
CMPs that are collected and placed into an escrow account pending
lengthy appeals, such actions could adversely affect our results of
operations.
• Nursing Home Transparency Requirements. In addition to expanded CMP provisions, PPACA imposes new transparency requirements for Medicare-participating nursing facilities. In addition to previously required disclosures regarding a facility's owners, management and secured creditors, PPACA expanded the required disclosures to include information regarding the facility's organizational structure, additional information on officers, directors, trustees and "managing employees" of the facility (including their names, titles, and start dates of services), and information regarding certain parties affiliated with the facility. The transparency provisions could result in the potential for greater government scrutiny and oversight of the ownership and investment structure for skilled nursing facilities, as well as more extensive disclosure of entities and individuals that comprise part of skilled nursing facilities' ownership and management structure.
• Face-to-Face Encounter Requirements. PPACA imposes new patient face-to-face encounter requirements on home health agencies and hospices to establish a patient's ongoing eligibility for Medicare home health services or hospice services, as applicable. A certifying physician or other designated health care professional must conduct the face-to-face encounters within specified timeframes, and failure of the face-to-face encounter to occur and be properly documented during the applicable timeframes could render the patient's care ineligible for reimbursement under Medicare.
• Suspension of Payments During Pending Fraud Investigations. PPACA provides the federal government with expanded authority to suspend Medicare and Medicaid payment if a provider is investigated for allegations or issues of fraud. This suspension authority creates a new mechanism for the federal government to suspend both Medicare and Medicaid payments for allegations of fraud, independent of whether a state exercises its authority to suspend Medicaid payments pending a fraud investigation. To the extent the suspension of payments provision is applied to one of our businesses for allegations of fraud, such a suspension could adversely affect our results of operations.
• Overpayment Reporting and Repayment; Expanded False Claims Act Liability. PPACA enacted several important changes that expand potential liability under the federal False Claims Act. Overpayments related to services provided to both Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries must be reported and returned to the applicable payor within specified deadlines, or else they are considered obligations of the provider for purposes of the federal False Claims Act. This new provision substantially tightens the repayment and reporting requirements generally associated with operations of health care providers to avoid False Claims Act exposure.
• Home and Community Based Services. PPACA provides that states can provide home and community-based attendant services and supports through the Community First Choice State plan option. States choosing to provide home and community based services under this option must make them available to assist with activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living and health related tasks under a plan of care agreed upon by the individual and his/her representative. For states that elect to make coverage of home and community-based services available through the Community First Choice State plan option, the percentage of the state's Medicaid expenses paid by the federal government will increase by 6 percentage points. PPACA also includes additional measures related to the expansion of community and home based services and authorizes states to expand coverage of community and home-based services to individuals who would not otherwise be eligible for them. The expansion of home-and-community based services could reduce the demand for the facility based services that we provide.
• Health Care-Acquired Conditions. PPACA provides that the Secretary of Health and Human Services must prohibit payments to states for any amounts expended for providing medical assistance for certain medical conditions acquired during the patient's receipt of health care services. CMS adopted a final rule to implement this provision of PPACA in the third quarter of 2011. The rule prohibits states from making payments to providers under the Medicaid program for conditions that are deemed to be reasonably preventable. It uses Medicare's list of preventable conditions in inpatient hospital settings as the base (adjusted for the differences in the Medicare and Medicaid populations) and provides states the flexibility to identify additional preventable conditions and settings for which Medicaid payment will be denied.
• Value-Based Purchasing. PPACA requires the Secretary of Health and
Human Services to develop a plan to implement a value-based
purchasing ("VBP") program for payments under the Medicare program
for skilled nursing facilities and to submit a report containing the
plan to Congress. The intent of the provision is to potentially
reconfigure how Medicare pays for health care services, moving the
program towards rewarding better value, outcomes, and innovations,
instead of volume. According to the plan submitted to Congress in
June 2012, the funding for the VBP program could come from payment
withholds from poor-performing skilled nursing facilities or by
holding back a portion of the base payment rate or the annual update
for all skilled nursing facilities. If a VBP program is ultimately
implemented, it is uncertain what effect it would have upon skilled
nursing facilities, but its funding or other provisions could
negatively affect skilled nursing facilities.
• Anti-Kickback Statute Amendments. PPACA amended the Anti-Kickback
Statute so that (i) a claim that includes items or services
violating the Anti-Kickback Statute also would constitute a false or
fraudulent claim under the federal False Claims Act and (ii) the
intent required to violate the Anti-Kickback Statute is lowered such
that a person need not have actual knowledge or specific intent to
violate the Anti-Kickback Statute in order for a violation to be
deemed to have occurred. These modifications of the Anti-Kickback
Statute could expose us to greater risk of inadvertent violations of
the statute and to related liability under the federal False Claims
Act.
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The provisions of PPACA discussed above are examples of recently-enacted federal
health reform provisions that we believe may have a material impact on the
long-term care profession generally and on our business. However, the foregoing
discussion is not intended to constitute, nor does it constitute, an exhaustive
review and discussion of PPACA. It is possible that other provisions of PPACA
may be interpreted, clarified, or applied to our businesses in a way that could
have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results
of operations. Similar federal and/or state legislation that may be adopted in
the future could have similar effects.
Revenue
Revenue by Service Offering
We operate our business in three reportable operating segments: (i) long-term
care services, which includes the operation skilled nursing and assisted living
facilities and is the most significant portion of our business; (ii) our
rehabilitation therapy services business; and (iii) our hospice and home health
businesses. Our reporting segments are business units that offer different
services, and that are managed separately due to the nature of services
provided.
In our long-term care services segment, we derive the majority of our revenue by
providing skilled nursing care and integrated rehabilitation therapy services to
residents in our affiliated skilled nursing facilities. The remainder of our
long-term care segment revenue is generated by our assisted living facilities,
by our administration of an unaffiliated third party skilled nursing facility,
and from our leasing of five skilled nursing facilities to an unaffiliated third
party operator. In our therapy services segment, we derive revenue by providing
rehabilitation therapy services to third-party facilities. In our hospice and
home health services segment, we provide hospice and home health services.
The following table shows the revenue and percentage of our total revenue
generated by each of these segments for the periods presented (dollars in
thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30,
2012 2011
Revenue Revenue Revenue Revenue Increase/(Decrease)
Dollars Percentage Dollars Percentage Dollars Percentage
Long-term care
services:
Skilled nursing
facilities $ 156,267 71.9 % $ 164,899 76.6 % $ (8,632 ) (5.2 )%
Assisted living
facilities 6,895 3.2 6,737 3.1 158 2.3
Administration of
third party
facility 125 0.1 291 0.1 (166 ) (57.0 )
Facility lease
revenue 768 0.3 746 0.4 22 2.9
Total long-term
care services 164,055 75.5 172,673 80.2 (8,618 ) (5.0 )
Therapy services:
Third-party
rehabilitation
therapy services 26,385 12.1 23,703 11.0 2,682 11.3
Total therapy
services 26,385 12.1 23,703 11.0 2,682 11.3
Hospice & home
health services:
Hospice 20,576 9.5 15,832 7.4 4,744 30.0
Home Health 6,359 2.9 3,035 1.4 3,324 109.5
Total hospice &
home health
services 26,935 12.4 18,867 8.8 8,068 42.8
Total $ 217,375 100.0 % $ 215,243 100.0 % $ 2,132 1.0 %
Six Months Ended June 30,
2012 2011
Revenue Revenue Revenue Revenue Increase/(Decrease)
Dollars Percentage Dollars Percentage Dollars Percentage
Long-term care
services:
Skilled nursing
facilities $ 315,251 72.2 % $ 339,945 77.7 % $ (24,694 ) (7.3 )%
Assisted living
facilities 13,809 3.2 13,461 3.1 348 2.6
Administration of
third party
facility 565 0.1 546 0.1 19 3.5
Facility lease
revenue 1,522 0.3 746 0.2 776 104.0
Total long-term
care services 331,147 75.8 354,698 81.1 (23,551 ) (6.6 )
Therapy services:
Third-party
rehabilitation
therapy services 52,501 12.1 45,893 10.5 6,608 14.4
Total therapy
services 52,501 12.1 45,893 10.5 6,608 14.4
Hospice & home
health services:
Hospice 40,330 9.2 30,159 6.9 10,171 33.7
Home Health 12,810 2.9 6,773 1.5 6,037 89.1
Total hospice &
home health
services 53,140 12.1 36,932 8.4 16,208 43.9
Total $ 436,788 100.0 % $ 437,523 100.0 % $ (735 ) (0.2 )%
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Sources of Revenue
The following table sets forth revenue consolidated by state in dollars and as a
percentage of total revenue for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
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