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CFNL > SEC Filings for CFNL > Form 10-Q on 8-Aug-2012All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-Q for CARDINAL FINANCIAL CORP


8-Aug-2012

Quarterly Report


Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following presents management's discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 and the results of our operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Caution About Forward-Looking Statements

We make certain forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding our profitability, liquidity, allowance for loan losses, interest rate sensitivity, market risk, growth strategy, and financial and other goals. The words "believes," "expects," "may," "will," "should," "projects," "contemplates," "anticipates," "forecasts," "intends," or other similar words or terms are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements are subject to significant uncertainties because they are based upon or are affected by factors including:

† the risks of changes in interest rates on levels, composition and costs of deposits, loan demand, and the values and liquidity of loan collateral, securities, and interest sensitive assets and liabilities;

† changes in assumptions underlying the establishment of reserves for possible loan losses, reserves for repurchases of mortgage loans sold and other estimates;

† changes in market conditions, specifically declines in the residential and commercial real estate market, volatility and disruption of the capital and credit markets, soundness of other financial institutions we do business with;

† risks inherent in making loans such as repayment risks and fluctuating collateral values;

† declines in the prices of assets and market illiquidity may cause us to record an other-than-temporary impairment or other losses, specifically in our pooled trust preferred securities portfolio resulting from increases in underlying issuers' defaulting or deferring payments.

† changes in operations of wealth management and trust services segment, its customer base and assets under management;

† changes in operations of George Mason Mortgage, LLC as a result of the activity in the residential real estate market and any associated impact on the fair value of goodwill in the future;

† legislative and regulatory changes, including the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Financial Reform Act"), and other changes in banking, securities, and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators, and changes in the scope and cost of FDIC insurance and other coverages;

† exposure to repurchase loans sold to investors for which borrowers failed to provide


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full and accurate information on or related to their loan application or for which appraisals have not been acceptable or when the loan was not underwritten in accordance with the loan program specified by the loan investor;

† the risks of mergers, acquisitions and divestitures, including, without limitation, the related time and costs of implementing such transactions, integrating operations as part of these transactions and possible failures to achieve expected gains, revenue growth and/or expense savings from such transactions;

† the ability to successfully manage our growth or implement our growth strategies as we implement new or change internal operating systems or if we are unable to identify attractive markets, locations or opportunities to expand in the future;

†          the effects of future economic, business and market conditions;

†          governmental monetary and fiscal policies;

†          changes in accounting policies, rules and practices;

†          maintaining cost controls and asset quality as we open or acquire new
branches;

†          maintaining capital levels adequate to support our growth;

†          reliance on our management team, including our ability to attract and

retain key personnel;

† competition with other banks and financial institutions, and companies outside of the banking industry, including those companies that have substantially greater access to capital and other resources;

†          risks and uncertainties related to future trust operations;

†          demand, development and acceptance of new products and services;

†          problems with technology utilized by us;

†          changing trends in customer profiles and behavior; and

†          other factors described from time to time in our reports filed with
the SEC.

Because of these uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, our past results of operations do not necessarily indicate our future results.

In addition, this section should be read in conjunction with the description of our "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Overview

We are a financial holding company formed in 1997 and headquartered in Fairfax County, Virginia. We were formed principally in response to opportunities resulting from the consolidation of several Virginia-based banks. These bank consolidations were typically accompanied by the dissolution of local boards of directors and relocation or termination of management and customer service professionals and a general deterioration of personalized customer service.

We own Cardinal Bank (the "Bank"), a Virginia state-chartered community bank with 27 banking offices located in Northern Virginia and the greater Washington D.C. metropolitan area. The Bank offers a wide range of traditional bank loan and deposit products and services to both our commercial and retail customers. Our commercial relationship managers focus on attracting small and medium sized businesses as well as government contractors, commercial real estate developers and builders and professionals, such as physicians, accountants and attorneys.

Additionally, we complement our core banking operations by offering a wide range of services through our various subsidiaries, including mortgage banking through George Mason Mortgage, LLC ("George Mason") and Cardinal First Mortgage, LLC, ("Cardinal First"),


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collectively the "mortgage banking" segment; and retail securities brokerage through Cardinal Wealth Services, Inc. ("CWS"), asset management through Wilson/Bennett Capital Management, Inc. ("Wilson/Bennett"), and trust, estate, custody, investment management and retirement planning through the trust division of Cardinal Bank, collectively the "wealth management and trust services" segment.

Net interest income is our primary source of revenue. We define revenue as net interest income plus noninterest income. As discussed further in the interest rate sensitivity section, we manage our balance sheet and interest rate risk exposure to maximize, and concurrently stabilize, net interest income. We do this by monitoring our liquidity position and the spread between the interest rates earned on interest-earning assets and the interest rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. We attempt to minimize our exposure to interest rate risk, but are unable to eliminate it entirely. In addition to management of interest rate risk, we analyze our loan portfolio for exposure to credit risk. Loan defaults and foreclosures are inherent risks in the banking industry, and we attempt to limit our exposure to these risks by carefully underwriting and then monitoring our extensions of credit. In addition to net interest income, noninterest income is an important source of revenue for us and includes, among other things, service charges on deposits and loans, investment fee income, which includes trust revenues, gains and losses on sales of investment securities available-for-sale, gains on sales of mortgage loans, and management fee income. Realized and unrealized gains on mortgage banking activities has become a larger component of our noninterest income as we have added offices throughout the Washington metropolitan region and increased the number of loan originators in our mortgage banking segment over the past year in addition to an increase in refinance origination activity.

Critical Accounting Policies

General

U. S. generally accepted accounting principles are complex and require management to apply significant judgment to various accounting, reporting, and disclosure matters. Management must use assumptions, judgments and estimates when applying these principles where precise measurements are not possible or practical. These policies are critical because they are highly dependent upon subjective or complex judgments, assumptions and estimates. Changes in such judgments, assumptions and estimates may have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements. Actual results, in fact, could differ from initial estimates.

The accounting policies we view as critical are those relating to judgments, assumptions and estimates regarding the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the fair value measurements of certain assets and liabilities, accounting for economic hedging activities, accounting for impairment testing of goodwill, accounting for the impairment of amortizing intangible assets and other long-lived assets, and the valuation of deferred tax assets.

Allowance for Loan Losses

We maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level that represents management's best estimate of known and inherent losses in our loan portfolio. Both the amount of the provision expense and the level of the allowance for loan losses are impacted by many factors, including general and industry-specific economic conditions, actual and expected credit losses, historical trends and specific conditions of individual borrowers. Unusual and infrequently occurring events, such as weather-related disasters, may impact our assessment of possible credit losses. As a part of our analysis, we use comparative peer group data and qualitative factors such as levels of


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and trends in delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, charged off loans, changes in volume and terms of loans, effects of changes in lending policy, experience and ability and depth of management, national and local economic trends and conditions, and concentrations of credit, competition, and loan review results to support our estimates.

For purposes of our analysis, we categorize our loans into one of five categories: commercial and industrial, commercial real estate (including construction), home equity lines of credit, residential mortgages, and consumer loans. Typically, financial institutions use their historical loss experience and trends in losses for each loan category and are then adjusted for portfolio trends and economical and environmental factors in determining their allowance for loan losses. Prior to 2008, we experienced minimal loss history within our loan portfolio and it has only been since the economic downturn that we have recorded a higher level of loan losses. Because of this, our allowance model uses the average loss rates of similar institutions (our custom peer group) as a baseline which is then adjusted based on our particular loan portfolio characteristics and environmental factors. The indicated loss factors resulting from this analysis are applied for each of the five categories of loans.

Our peer groups are defined by selecting commercial banking institutions of similar size within Virginia and Maryland. This is known as our custom peer group. Banks identified for our custom peer group are within $500 million to $4 billion in total assets, the majority of whom are geographically concentrated in the Washington metropolitan area in which we operate as this area has seen less of an economic downturn than other areas of the country. We evaluate the loan quality indicators of our custom peer group to those within our national FDIC peer group, all banks in Virginia, and all banks in Maryland. These baseline peer group loss rates are then adjusted by an estimate loss emergence factor in order to determine loss coverage for pass-level credits. Finally, we make adjustments to these loss factors based on an analysis of our loan portfolio characteristics, trends, economic considerations and other conditions that should be considered in assessing our credit risk. Our peer loss rates are updated on at least an annual basis.

In addition, we individually assign loss factors to all loans that have been identified as having loss attributes, as indicated by deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or a decline in underlying collateral value if the loan is collateral dependent. In certain cases, we apply, in accordance with regulatory guidelines, a 5% loss factor to loans classified as special mention, a 15% loss factor to loans classified as substandard and a 50% loss factor to loans classified as doubtful. Loans classified as loss loans are fully reserved or charged off. However, in most instances, we evaluate the impairment of certain loans on a loan by loan basis for those loans that are adversely risk rated. For these loans, we analyze the fair value of the collateral underlying the loan and consider estimated costs to sell the collateral on a discounted basis. If the net collateral value is less than the loan balance (including accrued interest and any unamortized premium or discount associated with the loan) we recognize an impairment and establish a specific reserve for the impaired loan. Because of the limited number of impaired loans on our portfolio, we are able to evaluate each impaired loan individually and therefore our specific reserves for impaired loans are generally less than those recommended by the listed regulatory guidelines above.

Credit losses are an inherent part of our business and, although we believe the methodologies for determining the allowance for loan losses and the current level of the allowance are appropriate, it is possible that there may be unidentified losses in the portfolio at any particular time that may become evident at a future date pursuant to additional internal analysis or regulatory comment. Additional provisions for such losses, if necessary, would be


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recorded in the commercial banking or mortgage banking segments, as appropriate, and would negatively impact earnings.

Fair Value Measurements

We determine the fair values of financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Our investment securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value using reliable and unbiased evaluations by an industry-wide valuation service. This service uses evaluated pricing models that vary based on asset class and include available trade, bid, and other market information. Generally, the methodology includes broker quotes, proprietary models, vast descriptive terms and conditions databases, as well as extensive quality control programs. For certain of our held-to-maturity investment securities where there is minimal observable trading activity, we use a discounted cash flow approach to estimate fair value based on internal calculations and compare our results to information provided by external pricing sources. Our interest rate swap derivatives are recorded at fair value using observable inputs from a national valuation service. These inputs are applied to a third party industry-wide valuation model.

We also fair value our interest rate lock commitments and forward loan sales commitments. The fair value of our interest rate lock commitments considers the expected premium (discount) to par and we apply certain fallout rates for those rate lock commitments for which we do not close a mortgage loan. In addition, we calculate the effects of the changes in interest rates from the date of the commitment through loan origination, and then period end, using applicable published mortgage-backed investment security prices. The fair value of the forward sales contracts to investors considers the market price movement of the same type of security between the trade date and the balance sheet date. At loan closing, the fair value of the interest rate lock commitment is included in the cost basis of loans held for sale, which are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.

Accounting for Economic Hedging Activities

We record all derivative instruments on the statement of condition at their fair values. We do not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes. For derivatives designated as hedges, we contemporaneously document the hedging relationship, including the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, how effectiveness will be assessed at inception and at each reporting period and the method for measuring ineffectiveness. We evaluate the effectiveness of these transactions at inception and on an ongoing basis. Ineffectiveness is recorded through earnings. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the fair value adjustment is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income, except for the ineffective portion which is recorded in earnings. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, the fair value adjustments for both the hedged item and the hedging instrument are recorded through the income statement with any difference considered the ineffective portion of the hedge.

We discontinue hedge accounting prospectively when it is determined that the derivative is no longer highly effective. In situations in which cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued, we continue to carry the derivative at its fair value on the statement of condition and recognize any subsequent changes in fair value in earnings over the term of the forecasted transaction. When hedge accounting is discontinued because it is probable that a forecasted transaction will


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not occur, we recognize immediately in earnings any gains and losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income.

In the normal course of business, we enter into contractual commitments, including rate lock commitments, to finance residential mortgage loans. These commitments, which contain fixed expiration dates, offer the borrower an interest rate guarantee provided the loan meets underwriting guidelines and closes within the time frame established by us. Interest rate risk arises on these commitments and subsequently closed loans if interest rates change between the time of the interest rate lock and the delivery of the loan to the investor. Loan commitments related to residential mortgage loans intended to be sold are considered derivatives and are marked to market through earnings.

To mitigate the effect of the interest rate risk inherent in providing rate lock commitments, we economically hedge our commitments by entering into best efforts delivery forward loan sales contracts. During the rate lock commitment period, these forward loan sales contracts are marked to market through earnings and are not designated as accounting hedges. Exclusive of the fair value elements of the rate lock commitment related to servicing and the wholesale and retail rate spread, the changes in fair value related to movements in market rates of the rate lock commitments and the forward loan sales contracts generally move in opposite directions, and the net impact of changes in these valuations on net income during the loan commitment period is generally inconsequential. At the closing of the loan, the loan commitment derivative expires and we record a loan held for sale and continue to be obligated under the same forward loan sales contract. The forward sales contract is then designated as a hedge against the variability in cash to be received from the loan sale. Loans held for sale are accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value.

Accounting for Impairment Testing of Goodwill

During 2011, we adopted ASU 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment. This ASU permits an entity to make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying amount before applying the two-step goodwill impairment test. If an entity concludes it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, it need not perform the two-step impairment test. We perform our annual review of the goodwill related to our mortgage banking segment during the third quarter.

In the event we are required to perform a Step 1 fair value evaluation of the reporting unit, we make estimates of the discounted cash flows from the expected future operations of the reporting unit. This discounted cash flow analysis involves the use of unobservable inputs including: estimated future cash flows from operations; an estimate of a terminal value; a discount rate; and other inputs. Our estimated future cash flows are largely based on our historical actual cash flows. If the analysis indicates that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we do an analysis to compare the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The implied fair value of the goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all its assets and liabilities. If the implied fair value of the goodwill is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized.


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Accounting for the Impairment of Amortizing Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets

We continually review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the remaining estimated useful life of such assets might warrant revision or that the balances may not be recoverable. We evaluate possible impairment by comparing estimated future cash flows, before interest expense and on an undiscounted basis, with the net book value of long-term assets, including amortizable intangible assets. If undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover assets, further analysis is performed in order to determine the amount of the impairment.

An impairment loss is then recorded for the excess of the carrying amount of the assets over their fair values. Fair value is usually determined based on the present value of estimated expected future cash flows using a discount rate commensurate with the risks involved.

Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets

We record a provision for income tax expense based on the amounts of current taxes payable or refundable and the change in net deferred tax assets or liabilities during the year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax effects of differing carrying values of assets and liabilities for tax and financial statement purposes that will reverse in future periods. When substantial uncertainty exists concerning the recoverability of a deferred tax asset, the carrying value of the asset is reduced by a valuation allowance. The amount of any valuation allowance established is based upon an estimate of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be recovered. Increases or decreases in the valuation allowance result in increases or decreases to the provision for income taxes.

New Financial Accounting Standards

The FASB issue ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income. This ASU increases the prominence of other comprehensive income in financial statements. Under this ASU, an entity will have the option to present the components of net income and comprehensive income in either one or two consecutive financial statements. The ASU eliminates the option in U.S. GAAP to present other comprehensive income in the statement of changes in equity. The effective date of this ASU has subsequently been deferred under ASU No. 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05. The deferral of the requirement for the presentation of reclassification adjustments is intended to be temporary until the Board reconsiders the operational concerns and needs of financial statement users. We currently prepare a separate statement of comprehensive income, and therefore, have adopted this standard as permitted.

2012 Economic Environment

The banking environment and the markets in which we conduct our businesses will continue to be strongly influenced by developments in the U.S. and global economies, as well as the continued implementation of rulemaking from recent financial reforms. Although economic conditions remain unsettled, the metropolitan Washington, D.C. area, the region we operate in, continues to perform relatively well as compared to other geographic regions. Our credit quality continues to remain strong despite the challenging economic environment. At June 30, 2012, we have non-accrual loans totaling $11.5 million with no loans contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest and still accruing. Annualized net charge-offs were 0.41% of our average loans receivable for the six months ended June 30, 2012. Due to continued low mortgage


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loan rates, originations from our mortgage banking segment for the first six months of 2012 have far exceeded originations for the same period of 2011.

Market illiquidity and concerns over credit risk continue to impact the ratings of our pooled trust preferred securities. We hold investments of $7.7 million in par value of pooled trust preferred securities, which are significantly below book value as of June 30, 2012 due to the lack of liquidity in the market, deferrals and defaults of issuers, and continued investor apprehension for investing in these types of investments.

We expect challenging economic and operating conditions and an evolving regulatory regime to continue for the foreseeable future. These conditions could continue to affect the markets in which we do business and could adversely impact our results for the remainder of 2012. The degree of the impact is dependent upon the duration and severity of the aforementioned conditions.

While we continue to experience loan growth, continued uncertainty and sluggish economic conditions could adversely affect our loan portfolio, including causing increases in delinquencies and default rates, which would adversely impact our . . .

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