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| NAVB > SEC Filings for NAVB > Form 10-Q on 10-May-2012 | All Recent SEC Filings |
10-May-2012
Quarterly Report
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends affecting the financial condition of our business. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, among other things:
· general economic and business conditions, both nationally and in our markets;
· our history of losses, negative net worth and uncertainty of future profitability;
· our ability to successfully complete research and further development of our drug candidates;
· the timing, cost and uncertainty of obtaining regulatory approvals of our drug candidates;
· our ability to successfully commercialize our drug candidates;
· our expectations and estimates concerning future financial performance, financing plans and the impact of competition;
· our ability to raise capital sufficient to fund our development and commercialization programs;
· our ability to implement our growth strategy;
· anticipated trends in our business;
· advances in technologies; and
· other risk factors set forth in this report and detailed in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and other SEC filings.
In addition, in this report, we use words such as "anticipate," "believe," "plan," "expect," "future," "intend," and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements.
We undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this report. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this report may not occur and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.
The Company
Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (Navidea, the Company, or we), a Delaware corporation, is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of precision diagnostics and radiopharmaceutical agents. We are currently developing three radiopharmaceutical agent platforms. The first, Lymphoseek®(Kit for the Preparation of 99m-Tc-Tilmanocept for Injection), is intended to be used to assess the spread of certain solid tumor cancers into the lymphatic system. The second, AZD4694, is intended to aid in the imaging and evaluation of patients with signs or symptoms of cognitive impairment such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The third, RIGScanTM, is intended to be used during surgery to help surgeons locate occult or metastatic cancer, with a primary focus on colorectal cancer. All of these drug products are still in development and must be cleared for marketing by the appropriate regulatory authorities before they can be sold in any markets.
Product Line Overview
We believe that the future prospects for Navidea continue to improve as we make progress in executing our strategic vision to become a leader in precision diagnostics. Our primary development efforts over the last few years have been focused on the development of our two radiopharmaceutical platforms within oncology, Lymphoseek and RIGScan. We expect our overall research and development expenditures to continue to be significantly higher during 2012 as compared to 2011 due to the expansion of our clinical, regulatory, and business development staff and efforts that support the commercialization of Lymphoseek, further development of AZD4694 and RIGScan, and sourcing and development of additional radiopharmaceutical pipeline product candidates. The level to which the expenditures rise will depend on the extent to which we are able to execute on these strategic initiatives.
Lymphoseek
The initial pre-clinical evaluations of Lymphoseek were completed by the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) in 2001. Since that time, Navidea, in cooperation with UCSD, has completed or initiated five Phase 1 clinical trials, one multi-center Phase 2 trial and three multi-center Phase 3 trials involving Lymphoseek. Two comprehensive Phase 3 studies have been completed in subjects with breast cancer and melanoma. These pivotal Phase 3 results have been presented at scientific conferences of a number of the world's leading oncology associations and nuclear medicine societies, including the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the Society for Nuclear Medicine. Earlier-phase studies conducted at UCSD through grants from the Susan B. Komen Breast Cancer Research Foundation have been published in leading medical journals including Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Annals of Surgical Oncology. Clinical research continues with an ongoing Phase 3 trial involving subjects with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Lymphoseek development has involved periodic interaction with and feedback from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In early 2005, the UCSD physician Investigational New Drug (IND) application was transferred to Navidea and we assumed full clinical and commercial responsibility for the development of Lymphoseek. Following the establishment of the corporate IND, Navidea began discussions with FDA regarding the clinical development program for Lymphoseek. Additional non-clinical testing was successfully completed in late 2005 and reports were filed with FDA in December 2005. These studies included repeat administrations of Lymphoseek at dosages significantly in excess of the anticipated clinical dosage. None of the non-clinical studies revealed any toxicity issues associated with the drug.
Upon the submission of the IND and draft Phase 2 protocol, FDA advised Navidea that commercially-produced Lymphoseek would need to be used in the Phase 2 clinical study, as opposed to using drug previously manufactured in laboratories at UCSD. Navidea transferred bulk drug manufacturing to Reliable Biopharmaceutical Corporation (Reliable) and engaged OSO BioPharmaceuticals Manufacturing LLC (OSO Bio, formerly Cardinal Health PTS) for commercial manufacturing of the drug product.
We received clearance from FDA in May 2006 to move forward with patient enrollment for a multi-center Phase 2 clinical study of Lymphoseek and began patient enrollment in September 2006. Enrollment of 80 patients was completed in June 2007 and we announced positive efficacy and final results in June and December 2007, respectively. Localization of Lymphoseek to lymphoid tissue was confirmed by pathology in over 99% of the lymph node tissue samples removed during the Phase 2 trial. We held an end of Phase 2 meeting with FDA during late October 2007 and results of the study were published in the February 2011 online edition of the Annals of Surgical Oncology.
During 2008, we initiated patient enrollment in a Phase 3 clinical study in subjects with either breast cancer or melanoma (NEO3-05). In March 2009, we announced that this study had reached the accrual of 203 lymph nodes, the study's primary accrual objective. The NEO3-05 Phase 3 clinical study was an open label trial of node-negative subjects designed to evaluate the safety and the accuracy of Lymphoseek in identifying the lymph nodes draining from the subject's primary tumor site. The primary efficacy objective of the study was a statistically acceptable concordance rate between the identification of lymph nodes with vital blue dye (VBD) and Lymphoseek. In addition, a secondary endpoint of the study was a pathological assessment of the ability of VBD and Lymphoseek to identify lymph nodes that contain cancer.
In June 2009, we initiated a second Phase 3 trial in subjects with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (NEO3-06). The NEO3-06 study was designed to expand the potential labeling for Lymphoseek to include a sentinel lymph node targeting claim, intended to follow an initial marketing clearance for general lymphatic mapping. The accrual rate for this trial is slower than for the NEO3-05 and NEO3-09 trials due in part to the lower incidence rate for head and neck cancers for subjects eligible for this trial.
In March 2010, Navidea met with FDA to review the clinical outcomes of the NEO3-05 Phase 3 trial. The meeting included a review of the efficacy and safety results of the study and Navidea's plans for the submission of a New Drug Application (NDA) for Lymphoseek based on the results of NEO3-05 and other previously completed clinical studies. In July 2010, Navidea initiated enrollment in another Phase 3 clinical evaluation of Lymphoseek in subjects with either breast cancer or melanoma (NEO3-09), primarily intended for the purpose of augmenting the safety population and supporting potential expanded product labeling claims. Based on guidance received in the March 2010 meeting, we planned to file data related to the NEO3-09 trial as part of a planned major amendment to the primary NDA.
In October 2010, Navidea met with FDA for a pre-NDA assessment for Lymphoseek. As a result of the pre-NDA assessment, FDA requested that data from both the completed NEO3-05 study and the NEO3-09 study then in progress be included in the Company's primary NDA for Lymphoseek rather than submitting the NEO3-09 study data as a planned major amendment to the ongoing NDA review, as initially intended by the Company. The pre-NDA assessment resulted in no modification to the NEO3-09 trial design or endpoints or to any of the other previously agreed-to clinical or regulatory components of the Lymphoseek NDA.
In February 2011, we announced that we had accrued an adequate number of subjects to enable us to meet the lymph node accrual goal for NEO3-09. Top-line data from NEO3-09 were released during the second quarter of 2011, indicating that all primary and secondary endpoints for the study were met and demonstrating strong agreement with the previously successful NEO3-05 clinical study. Navidea submitted the NDA for Lymphoseek in August 2011, and was notified of acceptance of the NDA by FDA in October 2011. The Lymphoseek NDA submission was based on the clinical results of the NEO3-05 and NEO3-09 Phase 3 clinical studies and other completed clinical and non-clinical evaluations. The safety database submitted with the NDA included data from over five hundred subjects and identified no significant drug-related adverse events.
In the letter from FDA notifying the Company of the acceptance of the Lymphoseek NDA, FDA originally established a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) date for Lymphoseek of June 10, 2012. In April 2012, we were notified by FDA that the Agency had elected to modify the PDUFA date for Lymphoseek to September 10, 2012, a 90-day extension from the initial PDUFA date of June 10, 2012, based on updated chemistry, manufacturing and control (CMC) information the Company had filed with the Agency in response to a request from FDA. Neither this FDA decision nor the NDA review to date has raised questions on Lymphoseek's safety or efficacy, or the design of the clinical trials supporting registration. Depending on the timing and outcome of the FDA regulatory review cycle, we believe that Lymphoseek can be commercially launched in the fourth quarter of 2012, although given the nature of the FDA review process, we cannot assure you that we will not experience further delays.
As noted above, our third Phase 3 clinical trial for Lymphoseek in subjects with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (NEO3-06) is currently in progress. The NEO3-06 clinical study was designed to expand the potential product label for Lymphoseek as a sentinel lymph node biopsy agent after the initial marketing clearance for the product. We believe we may reach a patient accrual point by mid-2012 that would enable an interim analysis of the trial data. Further, we do not believe the Lymphoseek PDUFA date extension pertains in any way to the NEO3-06 trial, nor do we believe analysis of the interim data will be completed prior to the September 10th PDUFA date.
Navidea was also advised in February 2012 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use that the Committee has adopted the advice of the Scientific Advice Working Party (SAWP) regarding the Lymphoseek development program and has determined that Lymphoseek is eligible for a Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) submission based on clinical data accumulated from clinical studies completed to date and supporting clinical literature. As such, we intend to submit our MAA to the EMA by the end of 2012.
We cannot assure you that Lymphoseek will achieve regulatory approval in the U.S., the EU or any market, or if approved, that it will achieve market acceptance.
AZD4694
AZD4694 is a Fluorine-18 labeled precision radiopharmaceutical candidate for use in the imaging and evaluation of patients with signs or symptoms of cognitive impairment such as AD. It binds to beta-amyloid deposits in the brain that can then be imaged in positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Amyloid plaque pathology is a required feature of AD and the presence of amyloid pathology is a supportive feature for diagnosis of probable AD. Patients who are negative for amyloid pathology do not have AD.
Based on the data accumulated to date, AZD4694 appears to have better sensitivity in detecting beta-amyloid than other agents in development. Due to its high affinity for amyloid, improved contrast, and enhanced uptake in the amyloid-target regions of interest in the brain compared with low uptake in white matter background, better signal-to-noise ratios have been observed. The uptake in background tissue, referred to as white matter, is low. Greater sensitivity and contrast may allow detection of smaller amounts of amyloid and may enable earlier identification of disease, as well as providing the opportunity to detect smaller changes in amyloid levels in monitoring disease progression over time.
AZD4694 has been studied in rigorous pre-clinical studies and several clinical trials in humans. Clinical studies through Phase 2a have included more than 80 patients to date, both suspected AD patients and healthy volunteers. No significant adverse events have been observed. Results suggest that AZD4694 has the potential ability to image patients quickly and safely with high sensitivity.
We are currently supporting ongoing Phase 2 clinical trials and advancing our development plans for AZD4694. We expect to initiate new Phase 2 trials in 2012, primarily to expand the safety database for the compound, and a Phase 3 trial in 2013 to support registration in the U.S. and the EU, upon completion of certain preparatory CMC activities. We cannot assure you, however, that further clinical trials for this product will be successful, that the agent will ultimately achieve regulatory approval, or if approved, the extent to which it will achieve market acceptance.
RIGScan
RIGS®is a technique to provide real-time diagnostic information during cancer surgery. RIGS is intended to enable a surgeon to identify and delineate occult or metastatic cancerous tissue "targeted" through the use of a radiolabeled, cancer-specific targeting antibody, administered prior to surgery and identified during surgery with a gamma detection device/probe. This procedure assists a surgeon in identifying the location of cancerous tissues in real time (during surgery) to enable more thorough surgical removal for better patient outcomes. Before surgery, a cancer patient is injected with the antibody which circulates throughout the patient's body and binds specifically to cancer cell antigens or receptors. Concentrations of the antibody within affected tissue are then detected using a gamma probe and direct the surgeon to targeted tissue for removal.
RIGScan development to date has been based on an intraoperative biologic targeting agent consisting of a radiolabeled murine monoclonal antibody (CC49 MAb, Minretumomab). The CC49 MAb localizes or binds to TAG-72 antigen expressed on a variety of solid tumor cancers. RIGScan is intended to be used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods for the detection of the extent and location of occult tumor and tumor metastases in patients with such cancers, potentially including colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and other cancers of epithelial origin. The detection of clinically occult tumor is intended to provide the surgeon with a more accurate assessment of the extent of disease, and therefore may impact the surgical and therapeutic management of the patient.
RIGScan has been studied in several clinical trials, including Phase 3 studies. Results from certain of these studies have been published in leading cancer journals including Clinical Cancer Research, Annals of Surgical Oncology and Disease of the Colon and Rectum. Navidea conducted two Phase 3 studies, NEO2-13 and NEO2-14, of RIGScan in the mid-1990s in patients with primary and metastatic colorectal cancer, respectively. Both studies were multi-institutional involving cancer treatment institutions in the U.S., Israel, and the EU.
In 1996, Navidea submitted applications to EMA and FDA for marketing approval of RIGScan for the detection of metastatic colorectal cancer based primarily on results NEO2-14, considered by the Company to be the pivotal study in support of the RIGScan Biologic License Application (BLA). Following review of our applications, we received requests for further information from FDA and from the European Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products on behalf of EMA. Both FDA and EMA acknowledged that our studies met the diagnostic endpoint of the Phase 3 clinical study, which was to provide incremental information to the surgeon regarding the location of hidden tumor. However, both agencies focused on potential clinical benefits that altered the management or therapeutic outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. FDA determined during its review of the BLA that in addition to identifying additional pathology-confirmed disease, the clinical studies of RIGScan needed to demonstrate clinical utility in enhancing patient outcomes, an outcome measure which the completed studies were not designed to address. Navidea withdrew its application to EMA in November 1997.
We continued over the intervening years to identify a pathway to regulatory approval for RIGScan. Despite additional data developed subsequent to the BLA filings, including data in 2004 indicating that RIGScan status was correlated with patient survival trends and that RIGScan may be predictive of a positive outcome when measuring survival of the patients that participated in our original BLA studies, and submission of an IND amendment to FDA which included the design of a proposed Phase 3 clinical trial of RIGScan, we were not able to advance RIGScan in clinical development or through the regulatory review process.
To further support resumed RIGScan development, we filed a new IND request for the biologic component of the RIGS technology in late 2010. We held a pre-IND meeting with FDA in February 2011 to define the basic CMC requirements needed to resume clinical development efforts on RIGScan. FDA reviewed Navidea's comprehensive pre-IND package and provided direction to the Company on its clinical and manufacturing activities going forward. As an outcome of the pre-IND meeting, FDA provided guidance regarding enhancing our manufacturing platform, including process improvements to increase manufacturing efficiency and the quality of the underlying biologic antibody and potentially transitioning from a murine-based antibody to a human-based antibody. In August 2011, we also held a meeting with the SAWP of the EMA and received similar guidance as we received from FDA, as well as the suggestion that we consider use of a humanized version of the RIGS antibody. With this collective guidance, we have transitioned from a murine antibody to a humanized antibody.
To recommence developement, we have focused initially on manufacturing the humanized antibody with the aim of completing the necessary manufacturing steps to permit active clinical development by the end of 2012; however, as management continues to assess the scope and required resources for the RIGS program, particularly in light of other development opportunities such as for AZD4694 or other agents, the timing and scope of our development and commercialization plan for RIGScan may be affected.
It should also be noted that the RIGScan biologic drug has not been produced for several years. We have completed the initial steps in re-characterizing the antibody cell line and are in the process of evaluating the use of our current humanized antibody in future clinical testing. During the third quarter of 2009, we had announced that we executed a Biopharmaceutical Development and Supply Agreement with Laureate Biopharmaceutical Services, Inc. (Laureate Biopharma). This agreement supports manufacturing process development work, evaluation of the viability of the cell line and its productivity, and the initial steps in re-validating the clinical grade and commercial production process for the humanized version of the RIGScan antibody. Laureate Biopharma has made progress in the re-validation of the manufacturing process and has completed certain initial biologic characterization activities. Our development plans for RIGScan also include the consideration of alternative radiolabeling processes. We will need to establish manufacturing and radiolabeling capabilities for the antibody in order to meet the regulatory needs for the RIGScan product.
We continue to believe it may be appropriate for us to identify a development partner for RIGScan. We have engaged in discussions with various parties over the past few years regarding potential partnerships and/or other development arrangements. However, even if we are able to make such arrangements on satisfactory terms, we believe that the time required for continued development, regulatory approval and commercialization of a RIGS product would likely be a minimum of five years before we receive any significant product-related royalties or revenues. We cannot assure you that we will be able to complete satisfactory development arrangements or obtain incremental financing to fund development of the RIGS technology and cannot guarantee that such arrangements could be obtained on a timely basis on terms acceptable to us, or at all. We also cannot assure you that further clinical development will be successful, that FDA or EMA will clear RIGScan for marketing, or that it will be successfully introduced or achieve market acceptance.
[123I]-E-IACFT (Under Option)
In January 2012, we executed an option agreement with Alseres Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to license [123I]-E-IACFT Injection, an Iodine-123 radiolabeled imaging agent being developed as an aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, movement disorders and dementia. The option agreement provides Navidea with exclusive rights for a period of up to six months to perform final due diligence and prepare the documentation necessary to enter into a definitive license agreement for [123I]-E-IACFT. Under the terms of the option agreement, Navidea paid Alseres an option fee of $500,000 for the exclusive right to negotiate a definitive license agreement by June 30, 2012. Navidea can extend the option period from June 30, 2012, to July 31, 2012, for an additional $250,000. The option agreement anticipates that Navidea will issue Alseres 400,000 shares of Navidea common stock upon execution of the definitive license agreement. The option also anticipates that the license agreement will provide for contingent milestone payments of up to $3.0 million, $2.75 million of which will occur at the time of product registration or upon commercial sales, and the issuance of up to an additional 1.05 million shares of Navidea stock, 950,000 shares of which are issuable at the time of product registration or upon commercial sales. In addition, the license terms outlined in the option agreement anticipate royalties on net sales of the approved product which are consistent with industry-standard terms.
[123I]-E-IACFT is a patented, novel, small molecule radiopharmaceutical used with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging to identify the status of specific regions in the brains of patients suspected of having Parkinson's disease. The agent binds to the dopamine transporter (DaT) on the cell surface of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum and substantia nigra regions of the brain. Loss of these neurons is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease.
[123I]-E-IACFT has been administered to over 600 subjects to date. A Phase 3 Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) for [123I]-E-IACFT was granted by FDA in 2009. Results from clinical trials have demonstrated that [123I]-E-IACFT has high affinity for DaT and rapid kinetics which enable the generation of clean images quickly, beginning within about 20 minutes after injection while other agents typically have waiting periods from 4 to 24 hours before imaging can occur. In addition to its potential use as an aid in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and movement disorders, [123I]-E-IACFT may also be useful in the diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), one of the most common forms of dementia after AD.
We are continuing to complete our diligence related to [123I]-E-IACFT in order to enable us to make a decision whether to execute our option to license this product candidate.
Outlook
We spent approximately $3.9 million and $2.4 million on research and development activities during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Following the sale of the GDS Business, our entire organization is now focused on the development of radiopharmaceutical agents that fulfill our vision of becoming a leader in precision diagnostics. Of the total amounts we spent on research and development during those periods, excluding costs related to our internal research and development headcount and our general and administrative staff which we do not currently allocate among the various development programs that we have underway, we incurred charges by program as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Development Program 2012 2011
Lymphoseek $ 1,685,784 $ 1,379,538
AZD4694 155,280 -
RIGScan 320,493 345,598
[123I]-E-IAFCT 582,723 -
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Due to the advancement of our efforts with Lymphoseek, AZD4694, RIGScan and potentially other programs, we expect our drug-related development and commercialization expenses to increase in 2012 over 2011.
With respect to Lymphoseek, we were originally notified by FDA that the PDUFA date for Lymphoseek was June 10, 2012. However, as we announced on April 3rd, we were notified by FDA on April 2nd that the Agency had elected to modify the PDUFA date for Lymphoseek has been extended to September 10, 2012, a 90-day extension from the initial PDUFA date of June 10th. Late in the review cycle of the Lymphoseek NDA, FDA had requested updated chemistry, manufacturing and control information related to one of several drug analytical assays. We submitted the requested information on March 30, 2012. As this was within the 90-day period prior to the PDUFA date, FDA elected to extend the review period by 90 days to complete a first-cycle evaluation. Until the NDA review is complete and we reach our new PDUFA date, we will continue to support the NDA to the fullest extent possible and to prepare for commercial launch in the U.S. with our marketing partner, Cardinal Health.
Depending on the timing and outcome of the FDA regulatory review cycle, we believe that Lymphoseek can still be commercially launched in 2012. However, we cannot assure you that Lymphoseek will achieve regulatory approval and commercial launch. During 2012, we expect to incur additional development expenses related to supporting the NDA review of Lymphoseek, our preparation to file an MAA in the EU, our NEO3-06 clinical trial and potentially studies to support Lymphoseek in a post-commercialization setting and support the other product activities related to the potential marketing registration of Lymphoseek in the U.S. and other markets. In addition, we expect to incur significant costs . . .
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