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MELI > SEC Filings for MELI > Form 10-Q on 6-Nov-2009All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-Q for MERCADOLIBRE INC


6-Nov-2009

Quarterly Report


Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements Certain statements regarding our future performance made in this report are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements may relate to such matters as:
• continued growth of online commerce and Internet usage in Latin America;

• our ability to expand our operations and adapt to rapidly changing technologies;

• government regulation;

• litigation and legal liability;

• systems interruptions or failures;

• our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel;

• consumer trends; security breaches and illegal uses of our services;

• competition;

• reliance on third-party service providers;

• enforcement of intellectual property rights;

• our ability to attract new customers, retain existing customers and increase revenues;

• seasonal fluctuations; and

• political, social and economic conditions in Latin America in general, and Venezuela and Argentina in particular, specifically if Venezuela becomes a highly inflationary economy.

These statements are based on currently available information and our current assumptions, expectations and projections about future events. While we believe that our assumptions, expectations and projections are reasonable in view of the currently available information, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance. They are subject to future events, risks and uncertainties - many of which are beyond our control - as well as potentially inaccurate assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and projections. Some of the material risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and projections are described in "Item 1A - Risk Factors" in Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2009, as updated by the discussion in "Item 1A - Risk Factors" in Part II of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2009 and June 30, 2009 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 11, 2009 and August 7, 2009. You should read that information in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Item 2 of Part I of this report and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in Item 1 of Part I of this report. We note such information for investors as permitted by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. There also may be other factors that we cannot anticipate or that are not described in this report, generally because we do not perceive them to be material that could cause results to differ materially from our expectations.


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Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake to update these forward-looking statements except as may be required by law. You are advised, however, to review any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations has been organized to present the following:
• a brief overview of our company;

• a discussion of our principal trends and results of operations for the quarters and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2008 and 2009;

• a review of our financial presentation and accounting policies, including our critical accounting policies;

• a discussion of the principal factors that influence our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity;

• a discussion of our liquidity and capital resources, capital expenditures and contractual obligations; and

• a discussion of the market risks that we face.

Overview
MercadoLibre, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries "us", "we", "our" or the "company") hosts the largest online commerce platform in Latin America focused on enabling e-commerce and its related services. Our services are designed to provide our users with mechanisms to buy, sell, pay for and collect on e-commerce transactions effectively and efficiently. With a population of over 550 million people and a region with one of the fastest-growing Internet penetration rates, we provide buyers and sellers with a robust online commerce environment that fosters the development of a large and growing e-commerce community. We offer a technological and commercial solution that addresses the distinctive cultural and geographic challenges of operating an online commerce platform in Latin America.
In August 2007, we successfully completed our initial public offering through which 16,077,185 shares of our common stock were sold at an initial public offering price of $18.00 per share less an underwriting discount of 4.5%. Out of that total, 2,608,696 shares of common stock were sold by us and 13,468,489 were sold by selling shareholders. We, along with certain shareholders, granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from August 9, 2007, to purchase up to 2,411,577 additional shares at the public offering price less the underwriting discount. The option was exercised in full, and of that total, an additional 391,304 shares were sold by us and 2,020,273 were sold by the selling shareholders.
We offer our users two principal services:
The MercadoLibre marketplace: The MercadoLibre marketplace, which we sometimes refer to as our Marketplace business, is a fully-automated, topically-arranged and user-friendly online commerce service. This service permits both businesses and individuals to list items and conduct their sales and purchases online in either a fixed-price or auction-based format. Additionally, through online classified listings, our registered users can list and purchase motor vehicles, vessels, aircraft, real estate and services. Users and advertisers are also able to place display and/or text advertisements on our web pages in order to promote their brands and offerings. Any Internet user can browse through the various products and services that are listed on our web site and register with MercadoLibre to list, bid for and purchase items and services.


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The MercadoPago online payments solution: To complement the MercadoLibre marketplace, we developed MercadoPago, an integrated online payments solution, which we sometimes refer to as our Payments business. MercadoPago is designed to facilitate transactions both on and off the MercadoLibre marketplace by providing a mechanism that allows our users to securely, easily and promptly send and receive payments online.
We operate in six reporting segments, five of which related to our Marketplace business and the remainder which relates to our Payment business. Within our marketplace business, we separately report our operations in each of Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela and other countries (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Uruguay). The operations of our Payments business, which is available in each of Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, and Venezuela, are reported in one segment. In addition, we operate a real estate classifieds platform that covers some areas of Florida, U.S.A. which is included in our Marketplace business. Recent Developments
On July 15, 2009, our board of directors adopted the 2009 Long Term Retention Plan (the "2009 LTRP"). If earned, payments to eligible employees under the 2009 LTRP will be in addition to payments of base salary and cash bonus, if earned, made to these employees.
In order to receive an award under the 2009 LTRP, each eligible employee must satisfy the performance conditions established by the board of directors for him or her. If these conditions are satisfied, the eligible employee will, subject to his or her continued employment as of each applicable payment date, receive the full amount of his or her 2009 LTRP bonus, payable as follows:
• the eligible employee will receive a fixed cash payment equal to 6.25% of his or her 2009 LTRP bonus once a year for a period of eight years starting in 2010 (the "Annual Fixed Payment"); and

• on each date we pay the Annual Fixed Payment to an eligible employee, he or she will also receive a cash payment (the "Variable Payment") equal to the product of (i) 6.25% of the applicable 2009 LTRP bonus and (ii) the quotient of (a) divided by (b), where (a), the numerator, equals the Applicable Year Stock Price (as defined below) and (b), the denominator, equals the 2008 Stock Price, defined as $13.81, which was the average closing price of the Company's common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market during the final 60 trading days of 2008. The "Applicable Year Stock Price" shall equal the average closing price of the Company's common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market during the final 60 trading days of the year preceding the applicable payment date.

The compensation cost related to the Annual Fixed Payments is recognized on a straight line basis using the equal annual accrual method. The compensation cost related to the Variable Payments is recognized in accordance with the graded-vesting attribution method and is accrued up to each payment day. As of September 30, 2009, the total compensation cost of the 2009 LTRP amounts to approximately $4.5 million and the related accrued compensation expense for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2009 was $823,801. Principal trends in Results of Operations Growth in net revenue over comparable periods from year to year Since our inception, we have consistently generated revenue growth from the MercadoLibre marketplace and from MercadoPago, driven by the growth of our key operational metrics. Our net revenues for the three-month period ended September 30, 2009, as compared to the same period for 2008, increased by 16.9% and 58.3% for the MercadoLibre marketplace and MercadoPago payments platform, respectively. We believe that the growth in net revenues should continue in the future. However, despite this positive historical trend, current weak global macro-economic conditions, coupled with devaluations of certain local currencies in Latin America versus the U.S. dollar, and high interest rates, could lead to declining year-to-year net revenues, particularly as measured in U.S. dollars.


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Increased diversification of revenues
Revenues from our Payments business have been increasing at a faster rate than our revenues from our Marketplace business, and we anticipate this trend to continue long term. For the three-month periods ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, payments represented 26.7% and 21.2% of net revenues, respectively. However, this trend is sensitive to macroeconomic fluctuations, including interest rate fluctuations for consumer credit. Accordingly, this revenue diversification trend may be interrupted during economic periods where there are higher costs of lending.
Gross profit margins
Our business has generated sustained high gross profit margins over time, as defined by total net revenues minus total cost of net revenues, as a percentage of net revenues. Historically, gains in gross profit margins have been mainly attributable to increased economies of scale in customer service, Internet Service Provider ("ISP") connectivity and site operations, improved economic terms obtained from payment processors as well as increases in interest fees that we charge our MercadoPago buyers.
Our gross profit margin was 79.5% for the three-month period ended September 30, 2009 as compared to 79.7% for the same period in 2008, mainly as a result of a faster growth in our Payments business as compared to our marketplace business. Our Payments business has a lower gross profit margin than our Marketplace business. In the future, gross profit margins could continue to decline if the cost of net revenues as a percentage of net revenues increases as our Payments business grows faster than our Marketplace business, if we cannot sustain the economies of scale that we have achieved, or if we decrease the interest fees charged.
Additionally in the third quarter of 2009, our gross profit margin was negatively impacted by the re-measurement of U.S. dollar denominated expenses of our Venezuelan subsidiaries discussed in detail below. Operating income margins
We have generated and expect to continue generating economies of scale in operating expenses. For the three-month period ended September 30, 2009, our operating income margins, defined as income from operations as a percentage of net revenues, increased from 29.0% in the third quarter of 2008, to 37.5% in the third quarter of 2009 driven by the impact of these economies of scale. For the three-month period ended September 30, 2009, our operating expense margins, defined as operating expenses as a percentage of net revenues, decreased from 50.7% during the third quarter in 2008 to 41.9% in the third quarter 2009. We anticipate, however, that as we continue to invest in product development, sales and marketing and human resources in order to promote our services and capture the long term business opportunity offered by the Internet in Latin America, it is increasingly difficult to sustain growth in operating income margins, and at some point in the future we could experience decreasing operating income margins.
Growth in Net Income
We have generated growth in our net income as a consequence of the abovementioned trends. For the three-month period ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, net income was $9.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively, a growth of $4.0 million or 67.7% from the 2008 third quarter to the 2009 third quarter. However, as mentioned above, if any of these trends were to revert, our net income growth could be affected, or could even become negative on a year-to-year basis.
Description of line items
Net revenues
We recognize revenues in each of our reporting segments. The MercadoLibre Marketplace segments include Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela and other countries (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Uruguay). The MercadoPago segment includes our regional payments platform consisting of our MercadoPago business.


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Historically, we have generated revenues from the MercadoLibre marketplace segments from:
• listing fees;

• optional feature fees;

• final value fees; and

• online advertising fees.

During the third quarter of 2009, we modified our pricing structure by replacing our previous listing fees and optional feature fees for consolidated up-front fees which bundle these features. We now offer three types of up-front fees for three different combinations of placement and features. Up-front fees are charged at the time the listing is uploaded onto our platform and is not subject to successful sale of the items listed. Following this fee structure modification, revenues for the MercadoLibre marketplace segments are now generated by:
• up front fees;

• final value fees; and

• online advertising fees.

The following table summarizes our business margin for the nine- and three-month periods ended September 30, 2009 and 2008:

                                            Nine Months Ended          Three Months Ended
                                              September 30,               September 30,
                                            2009           2008        2009           2008

 Net Revenues breakdown by businesses

As a percentage of total net revenues:
Marketplaces 76.0 % 80.7 % 73.3 % 78.8 % Payments 24.0 % 19.3 % 26.7 % 21.2 %

Revenues generated by our Payments business are attributable to commissions charged to buyers and sellers for the use of MercadoPago. We generate revenues from our MercadoPago Payments segment by charging users a commission and a financial charge when the user elects to pay in installments, which we recognize, in both cases, once the transaction is completed. During the three-month period ended September 30, 2009, commission and installment-related financial charges averaged 6.2% and 5.7%, respectively, of the payment amounts made by the user through MercadoPago.
We have a highly fragmented customer revenue base given the large numbers of sellers and buyers who use our platforms. For the three-month and nine-month period ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, no single customer accounted for more than 1.0% of our net revenues in our MercadoLibre Marketplace business or our MercadoPago Payments business. Our MercadoLibre marketplace is available in twelve countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela), and MercadoPago is available in six countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela). The functional currency in each country's operations is the local currency. See "Critical accounting policies and estimates - Foreign Currency Translation" included in this report. Therefore, our net revenues are generated in multiple foreign currencies and then translated into U.S. dollars at the average monthly exchange rate.
Our subsidiaries in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela and Colombia are subject to certain taxes on revenues which are classified as costs of net revenues. These taxes represented 6.3% of net revenues for the three-month period ended September 30, 2009.


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Cost of net revenues
Cost of net revenues primarily represents bank and credit card processing charges for transactions and fees paid with credit cards and other payment methods, certain taxes on revenues, compensation for customer support personnel, ISP connectivity charges, depreciation and amortization and hosting and site operation fees.
Product and technology development expenses Our product and technology development related expenses consist primarily of depreciation and amortization costs related to product and technology development, compensation for our engineering and web-development staff, telecommunications costs and payments to third-party suppliers who provide technology maintenance services to our company. Sales and marketing expenses
Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of marketing costs for our platforms through online and offline advertising, bad debt charges, the salaries of employees involved in these activities, public relations costs, marketing activities for our users and depreciation and amortization costs.
We carry out the vast majority of our marketing efforts on the Internet. In that context, we enter in agreements with portals, search engines, ad networks and other sites in order to attract Internet users to the MercadoLibre marketplace and convert them into confirmed registered users and active traders on our platform. Additionally, we invest a portion of our marketing budget on cable television advertising in order to improve our brand awareness and to complement our online efforts.
We also work intensively on attracting, developing and growing our seller community through our supply efforts. We have dedicated professionals in most of our operations that work with sellers, through trade show participation, seminars and meetings to provide them with important tools and skills to become effective sellers on our platform.
General and administrative expenses
Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries for management and administrative staff, compensation for outside directors, long term retention plan compensation, expenses for legal, accounting and other professional services, insurance expenses, office space rental expenses, travel and business expenses, as well as depreciation and amortization costs. General and administrative expenses include the costs of the following areas of our company: general management, finance, administration, accounting, legal and human resources.
Compensation Cost related to acquisitions As part of our acquisition of Classified Media Group, Inc. ("CMG"), which closed in the second quarter of 2008, we entered into a management escrow agreement to secure the obligations of the CMG shareholders that remained as managers. We accrued those compensation expenses as operating expenses, instead of considering them part of the purchase price. (See Note 4 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report). Other income (expenses)
Other income (expenses) consists of interest expense (interest expense relating to the working capital requirements for our MercadoPago operations are recorded as interest expense and not as cost of net revenues) and other financial charges, interest income derived primarily from our investments and cash equivalents, foreign currency gains or losses, the effect of changes in the fair value of derivative instruments, and other non-operating results. Income and asset tax
We are subject to federal and state taxes in the United States, as well as foreign taxes in the multiple jurisdictions where we operate. Our tax obligations consist of current and deferred income taxes and asset taxes incurred in these jurisdictions. We account for income taxes following the liability method of accounting. Therefore, our income tax expense consists of taxes currently payable, if any (given that in certain jurisdictions we still have net operating loss carry-forwards), plus the change during the period in our deferred tax assets and liabilities.


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Critical accounting policies and estimates The preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We have based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these estimates with our audit committee and board of directors. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
An accounting policy is considered to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact our condensed consolidated financial statements. We believe that the following critical accounting policies reflect the more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements. You should read the following descriptions of critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the notes there to and other disclosures included in this report. Foreign Currency Translation
All of our foreign operations have determined the local currency as their functional currency. Accordingly, these foreign subsidiaries translate assets and liabilities from their local currencies to U.S. dollars using period/year end exchange rates while income and expense accounts are translated at the average rates in effect during the period/year. The resulting translation adjustment is recorded as part of other comprehensive income (loss), a component of shareholders' equity. Gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in non-functional currencies are recognized in earnings. Net foreign currency transaction losses are included in the consolidated statements of income under the caption "Foreign currency loss".
The Venezuelan subsidiaries maintain a foreign currency denominated asset in the form of US dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents. In accordance with our stated accounting policy, this investment should first be re-measured into its functional currency "Bolivares Fuertes". Upon re-measurement into its functional currency, the investment will then be translated into the reporting currency of the Company (US Dollar). These assets were re-measured at the September 30, 2009 parallel exchange rate of 5.42 "Bolivares Fuertes" per US dollar (at December 31, 2008 the parallel exchange rate was 5.4 "Bolivares Fuertes" per US dollar). Further, the Venezuelan subsidiaries assets, liabilities, income and expense accounts were translated at the rate applicable for dividend remittances, which at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 was the official rate of 2.15 "Bolivares Fuertes" per US dollar. According to the International Practices Task Force Joint Meeting with SEC Staff of June 2, 2008, the existence of a parallel market does not constitute unusual circumstances potentially justifying the use of an exchange rate other than the official rate for purposes of foreign currency translation. Accordingly, the foreign currency effect on assets is included in "Other non-current assets" in the consolidated balance sheet, and is the result of applying the Company's accounting policy for the related asset.
In May 2009, the International Practices Task Force discussed the highly inflationary status of the Venezuelan economy as regarding inflation. In the event a country's cumulative three year inflation rate exceeds 100%, it would qualify as a "highly inflationary economy" and the accounting rules would require that the reporting currency of the parent be assumed to be the functional currency of a foreign entity. Historically, the Task Force has used the Consumer Price Index (CPI) when considering the inflationary status of the Venezuelan economy. The CPI has existed since 1984. However, the CPI covers only the cities of Caracas and Maracaibo. Commencing on January 1, 2008, the National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) was established to cover the entire country of Venezuela. Since inflation data is not available to compute a cumulative three year inflation rate for the entire country solely based on the NCPI, our accounting policy is to use a blended rate using the NCPI and CPI to calculate Venezuelan inflation rate.
The cumulative three year inflation rate as of September 30, 2009 was calculated using the CPI information for periods before January 1, 2008 and NCPI information for the periods after January 1, 2008. The resulting three-year cumulative inflation rate ("blended NCPI and CPI rate") is 97.41% for the period ending September 30, 2009. When NCPI data is available for the three years ending December 31, 2010 and thereafter, the NCPI will be used to calculate Venezuelan inflationary status because it represents a broader-based measure of . . .

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