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| LNC > SEC Filings for LNC > Form 10-Q on 6-Nov-2009 | All Recent SEC Filings |
6-Nov-2009
Quarterly Report
The following Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") is intended to help the reader understand the financial condition of Lincoln National Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries ("LNC," "Lincoln" or the "Company" which also may be referred to as "we," "our" or "us") as of September 30, 2009, compared with December 31, 2008, and the results of operations of LNC for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, as compared with the corresponding periods in 2008. The MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with: our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements ("Notes") presented in "Item 1. Financial Statements"; our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 ("2008 Form 10-K"), including the sections entitled "Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors," "Part II - Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"; our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q filed in 2009; and our current reports on Form 8-K filed in 2009.
See Note 2 for a detailed discussion of how the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards CodificationTM ("ASC") is now the single source of authoritative United States of America generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") recognized by the FASB. Accordingly, we have revised all references to GAAP accounting standards in this filing to reflect the appropriate references in the new FASB ASC.
In this report, in addition to providing consolidated revenues and net income
(loss), we also provide segment operating revenues and income (loss) from
operations because we believe they are meaningful measures of revenues and the
profitability of our operating segments. Income (loss) from operations is net
income recorded in accordance with GAAP excluding the after-tax effects of the
following items, as applicable:
· Realized gains and losses associated with the following ("excluded realized loss"):
† Sale or disposal of securities;
† Impairments of securities;
† Change in the fair value of embedded derivatives within certain reinsurance arrangements and the change in the fair value of our trading securities;
† Net difference between the portion of the change in reserves accounted for under the Financial Services - Insurance - Claim Costs and Liabilities for Future Policy Benefits Subtopic of the FASB ASC resulting from benefit ratio unlocking ("benefit ratio reserves") of our guaranteed death benefit ("GDB") riders within our variable annuities and the change in the fair value of the derivatives we own to hedge the changes in the benefit ratio reserves, excluding our expected cost of purchasing the hedging instruments, the net of which is referred to as "GDB derivatives results";
† Change in the fair value of the embedded derivatives of our guaranteed living benefit ("GLB") riders within our variable annuities accounted for under the Derivatives and Hedging and the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topics of the FASB ASC ("embedded derivative reserves") and GLB benefit ratio reserves, net of the change in the fair value of the derivatives we own to hedge the changes in the embedded derivative reserves, the net of which is referred to as "GLB net derivative results"; and
† Changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities related to index call options we may purchase in the future to hedge contract holder index allocations applicable to future reset periods for our indexed annuity products accounted for under the Derivatives and Hedging and the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topics of the FASB ASC ("indexed annuity forward-starting option").
· Income (loss) from the initial adoption of new accounting standards;
· Income (loss) from reserve changes (net of related amortization) on business sold through reinsurance;
· Gains (losses) on early retirement of debt;
· Losses from the impairment of intangible assets; and
· Income (loss) from discontinued operations.
Operating revenues represent GAAP revenues excluding the pre-tax effects of the following items, as applicable:
· Excluded realized loss;
· Amortization of deferred gains arising from the reserve changes on business sold through reinsurance; and
· Revenue adjustments from the initial adoption of new accounting standards.
Operating revenues and income (loss) from operations are the financial
performance measures we use to evaluate and assess the results of our
segments. Accordingly, we report operating revenues and income (loss) from
operations by segment in Note 17. Our management and Board of Directors believe
that operating revenues and income (loss) from operations explain the results of
our ongoing businesses in a manner that allows for a better understanding of the
underlying trends in our current businesses because the excluded items are
unpredictable and not necessarily indicative of current operating fundamentals
or future performance of the business segments, and, in many instances,
decisions regarding these items do not necessarily relate to the operations of
the individual segments. In addition, we believe that our definitions of
operating revenues and income (loss) from operations will provide investors with
a more valuable measure of our performance because it better reveals trends in
our business.
Operating revenues and income (loss) from operations do not replace revenues and
net income as the GAAP measures of our consolidated results of operations.
Certain statements made in this report and in other written or oral statements made by LNC or on LNC's behalf are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 ("PSLRA"). A forward-looking statement is a statement that is not a historical fact and, without limitation, includes any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements, and may contain words like: "believe," "anticipate," "expect," "estimate," "project," "will," "shall" and other words or phrases with similar meaning in connection with a discussion of future operating or financial performance. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, trends in our businesses, prospective services or products, future performance or financial results and the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings. LNC claims the protection afforded by the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the PSLRA.
Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from the results contained in the forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to vary materially, some of which are described within the forward-looking statements, include, among others:
· Continued deterioration in general economic and business conditions, both domestic and foreign, that may affect foreign exchange rates, premium levels, claims experience, the level of pension benefit costs and funding and investment results;
· Continued economic declines and credit market illiquidity could cause us to realize additional impairments on investments and certain intangible assets, including goodwill and a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, which may reduce future earnings and/or affect our financial condition and ability to raise additional capital or refinance existing debt as it matures;
· Uncertainty about the impact of the U.S. Treasury's Troubled Asset Relief Program ("TARP") on the economy;
· The cost and other consequences of our participation in the TARP Capital Purchase Program ("CPP"), including the impact of existing regulation and future regulations to which we may become subject;
· Legislative, regulatory or tax changes, both domestic and foreign, that affect the cost of, or demand for, LNC's products, the required amount of reserves and/or surplus, or otherwise affect our ability to conduct business, including changes to statutory reserves and/or risk-based capital ("RBC") requirements related to secondary guarantees under universal life and variable annuity products such as Actuarial Guideline ("AG") 43 ("AG43," also known as Commissioners Annuity Reserve Valuation Method for Variable Annuities or "VACARVM"); restrictions on revenue sharing and 12b-1 payments; and the potential for U.S. Federal tax reform;
· The initiation of legal or regulatory proceedings against LNC or its subsidiaries, and the outcome of any legal or regulatory proceedings, such as: adverse actions related to present or past business practices common in businesses in which LNC and its subsidiaries compete; adverse decisions in significant actions including, but not limited to, actions brought by federal and state authorities and extra-contractual and class action damage cases; new decisions that result in changes in law; and unexpected trial court rulings;
· Changes in interest rates causing a reduction of investment income, the margins of LNC's fixed annuity and life insurance businesses and demand for LNC's products;
· A decline in the equity markets causing a reduction in the sales of LNC's products, a reduction of asset-based fees that LNC charges on various investment and insurance products, an acceleration of amortization of deferred acquisition costs ("DAC"), value of business acquired ("VOBA"), deferred sales inducements ("DSI") and deferred front-end loads ("DFEL") and an increase in liabilities related to guaranteed benefit features of LNC's variable annuity products;
· Ineffectiveness of LNC's various hedging strategies used to offset the impact of changes in the value of liabilities due to changes in the level and volatility of the equity markets and interest rates;
· A deviation in actual experience regarding future persistency, mortality, morbidity, interest rates or equity market returns from LNC's assumptions used in pricing its products, in establishing related insurance reserves and in the amortization of intangibles that may result in an increase in reserves and a decrease in net income, including as a result of stranger-originated life insurance business;
· Changes in GAAP that may result in unanticipated changes to LNC's net income;
· Lowering of one or more of LNC's debt ratings issued by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations and the adverse impact such action may have on LNC's ability to raise capital and on its liquidity and financial condition;
· Lowering of one or more of the insurer financial strength ratings of LNC's insurance subsidiaries and the adverse impact such action may have on the premium writings, policy retention, profitability of its insurance subsidiaries and liquidity;
· Significant credit, accounting, fraud or corporate governance issues that may adversely affect the value of certain investments in the portfolios of LNC's companies requiring that LNC realize losses on such investments;
· The impact of acquisitions and divestitures, restructurings, product withdrawals and other unusual items, including LNC's ability to integrate acquisitions and to obtain the anticipated results and synergies from acquisitions;
· The adequacy and collectibility of reinsurance that LNC has purchased;
· Acts of terrorism, a pandemic, war or other man-made and natural catastrophes that may adversely affect LNC's businesses and the cost and availability of reinsurance;
· Competitive conditions, including pricing pressures, new product offerings and the emergence of new competitors, that may affect the level of premiums and fees that LNC can charge for its products;
· The unknown impact on LNC's business resulting from changes in the demographics of LNC's client base, as aging baby-boomers move from the asset-accumulation stage to the asset-distribution stage of life; and
· Loss of key management, financial planners or wholesalers.
The risks included here are not exhaustive. Other sections of this report, our 2008 Form 10-K, current reports on Form 8-K and other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") include additional factors that could impact LNC's business and financial performance, including "Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" and the risk discussions included in this section under "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates," "Consolidated Investments" and "Reinsurance," which are incorporated herein by reference. Moreover, LNC operates in a rapidly changing and competitive environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors.
Further, it is not possible to assess the impact of all risk factors on LNC's business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. In addition, LNC disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this report.
We are a holding company that operates multiple insurance businesses through subsidiary companies. Through our business segments, we sell a wide range of wealth protection, accumulation and retirement income products and solutions. These products include institutional and/or retail fixed and indexed annuities, variable annuities, universal life insurance ("UL"), variable universal life insurance ("VUL"), linked-benefit UL, term life insurance and mutual funds.
We provide products and services in two operating businesses and report results through four business segments as follows:
Business Corresponding Segments
Retirement Solutions Annuities
Defined Contribution
Insurance Solutions Life Insurance
Group Protection
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These operating businesses and their segments are described in "Part I - Item 1. Business" of our 2008 Form 10-K.
We also have Other Operations, which includes the financial data for operations that are not directly related to the business segments. Other Operations also includes our run-off Institutional Pension business, the results of certain disability income business due to the rescission of this business previously sold to Swiss Re and the results of our remaining media businesses.
Our former Lincoln UK and Investment Management segments are reported in discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Current Market Conditions
Subsequent to the first quarter of 2009, the capital and credit markets showed signs of improvement following a period of extreme volatility and disruption that affected both equity market returns and interest rates. During this period, credit spreads widened across asset classes and reduced liquidity in the credit markets. The price of our common stock steadily increased during the second and third quarters of 2009 to close at $25.91 on September 30, 2009, as compared to $18.84 on December 31, 2008, after having traded at a low of $4.90 during the first quarter of 2009. Analysts and economists noted in January 2009 that the U.S. economy lost more jobs in 2008 than in any year subsequent to World War II and projected that the economic recovery might take longer than previously expected. We also experienced a series of ratings downgrades primarily from February 2009 to May 2009 as depressed capital markets continued to strain our liquidity as we prepared to fund debt maturities in the second quarter of 2009; however, during June of 2009 and following the announcement about our planned capital actions discussed below, all four of the major independent rating agencies affirmed our financial strength ratings, and Standard & Poor's ("S&P") improved its outlook on our company to stable from negative.
Earnings will continue to be unfavorably impacted by the prior significant decline in the equity markets. Due to these challenges, the capital markets had a significant effect on our segment income (loss) from operations and consolidated net income during the first nine months of 2009. In the face of these capital market challenges, we continue to focus on building our businesses through these difficult markets and beyond by developing and introducing high quality products, expanding distribution in new and existing key accounts and channels and targeting market segments that have high growth potential while maintaining a disciplined approach to managing our expenses. During the third quarter of 2009, we experienced modestly lower deposits but significantly higher net flows than in the corresponding period of 2008.
The markets have primarily impacted the following areas:
Adequacy of Our Liquidity and Capital Positions
We are committed to managing our capital effectively. The continued adequacy of our liquidity resources to meet requirements of our businesses and our holding company depends upon such factors as market conditions and our ability to access sources of liquidity. In addition, market volatility impacts the level of capital required to support our businesses.
Given this dynamic and challenging environment, we have taken measures to
prudently and actively manage our liquidity and capital positions. As discussed
in "Review of Consolidated Financial Condition - Liquidity and Capital Resources
- Sources of Liquidity and Cash Flow - Financing Activities," we issued $690
million of common stock and $500 million of senior notes during the second
quarter of 2009 and issued $950 million preferred stock and a common stock
warrant through the U.S. Treasury's TARP CPP in the third quarter of 2009, as
discussed below in "TARP CPP." These actions compliment our past actions of
reducing the dividend on our common stock, suspending stock repurchase activity,
restructuring the company to reduce overall expenses and entering into a
reinsurance transaction to increase statutory capital for our primary insurance
subsidiary.
Currently, we expect to meet the ongoing cash needs of the holding company for the foreseeable future as a result of the raising of $2.1 billion as part of several capital transactions and in combination with expense savings and sales discussed below in "Acquisitions and Dispositions." We also expect to maintain more liquidity at the holding company as compared to prior years.
For more information on our liquidity and capital positions, see "Review of Consolidated Financial Condition" below.
Earnings from Account Values
Our asset-gathering segments - Retirement Solutions - Annuities and Retirement Solutions - Defined Contribution - are the most sensitive to the equity markets. We discuss the earnings impact of the equity markets on account values and the related asset-based earnings below in "Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk - Equity Market Risk - Impact of Equity Market Sensitivity." From December 31, 2008, to September 30, 2009, our account values were up $19 billion driven by strong deposits, positive net flows and recent improvements in the equity markets. The effect of the negative equity markets on our account values that subsided in the second quarter of 2009 will continue to dampen our earnings in 2009 even if the equity market returns become consistent with our long-term assumptions. While our ending variable account values as of September 30, 2009, were modestly higher than as of September 30, 2008, the daily average account values for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, were much lower than the corresponding period in the prior year, consistent with the reduction in our asset-based earnings. Accordingly, we may continue to report lower asset-based fees, higher DAC and VOBA amortization and higher reserves related to our GDB guarantees relative to expectations or prior periods.
Investment Income on Alternative Investments
We believe that overall market conditions in both the equity and credit markets caused our alternative investments portfolio, which consists primarily of hedge funds and various limited partnership investments, to under-perform relative to our long-term return expectations, and we expect these assets to continue to under-perform at least in the short term. During the first nine months of 2009, the most significant unfavorable impact from these investments was related to audit adjustments from the completion of calendar-year financial statement audits of our investees, determined and recognized during the second quarter of 2009. The audit reports that we received for these investees reflected a lower equity balance than the unaudited financial statements that we had been provided previously that were used as the basis for valuation at year end 2008 and the first quarter of 2009. These investments impact primarily our Insurance Solutions - Life Insurance segment and to a lesser extent our Retirement Solutions - Annuities and Retirement Solutions - Defined Contribution segments. See "Consolidated Investments - Alternative Investments" for additional information on our investment portfolio and further discussion on the nature of the audit adjustments referred to above.
Variable Annuity Hedge Program Results
We offer variable annuity products with living benefit guarantees. As described below in "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Derivatives - Guaranteed Living Benefits," we use derivative instruments to hedge our exposure to the risks and earnings volatility that result from the GLB embedded derivatives in certain of our variable annuity products. The change in fair value of these instruments tends to move in the opposite direction of the change in embedded derivative reserves. For the first nine months of 2009, impacts of changes in interest rate risk unfavorably affected the net change in GLB embedded derivative reserves, excluding the effect of our non-performance risk ("NPR"), and the change in fair value of the hedging derivatives. This impact was heightened as a result of our decision not to hedge all of the interest rate risk in response to the pending adoption of VACARVM, which is discussed further below.
The NPR factors result in an additional amount added to the discount rate in the calculation of the GLB embedded derivative reserve. The NPR factors are impacted by our holding company's credit default swap ("CDS") spreads adjusted for items, such as the liquidity of our holding company CDS. Because the guaranteed benefit liabilities are contained within our insurance subsidiaries, we apply items, such as the impact of our insurance subsidiaries' claims-paying ratings compared to holding company credit risk and the over-collateralization of insurance liabilities, in order to determine factors that are representative of a theoretical market participant's view of the NPR of the specific liability within our insurance subsidiaries. This had an unfavorable effect during the first nine months of 2009 attributable to narrowing of credit spreads. These results are excluded from the Retirement Solutions - Annuities and Defined Contribution segments' operating revenues and income from operations. See "Realized Loss - Operating Realized Gain (Loss) - GLB" for information on our methodology for calculating the NPR.
We also offer variable products with death benefit guarantees. As described in "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Future Contract Benefits and Other Contract Holder Obligations - Guaranteed Death Benefits" in our 2008 Form 10-K, we use derivative instruments to attempt to hedge in the opposite direction of the changes in our associated GDB benefit ratio reserves for movements in equity markets. These results are excluded from income (loss) from operations.
Variable Annuity Business Model
In order to address the realities of the current market conditions in the variable annuity marketplace, in late January 2009, we introduced changes to our GLB riders including increased rider fees, reduced roll-up periods and tighter investment restrictions on new business and a large percentage of in-force account value. Increased equity market implied volatility and falling interest rates have increased the cost of providing GLBs. The January product changes reduce our exposure to equity market volatility and interest rate movements while compensating us for increasing costs to provide the benefits.
Credit Losses, Impairments and Unrealized Losses
Related to our investments in fixed income and equity securities, we experienced net realized losses which reduced net income by $82 million and $238 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, and included credit related write-downs of securities for other-than-temporary impairments ("OTTI") of $52 million and $207 million, respectively. Although economic conditions have improved, we expect a continuation of some level of OTTI. If we were to experience another period of weakness in the economic environment like we did in late 2008 and early 2009, it could lead to increased credit defaults, resulting in additional write-downs of securities for OTTI.
Increased liquidity in several market segments and improved credit fundamentals (i.e., market improvement and narrowing credit spreads) as of September 30, 2009, compared to December 31, 2008, has resulted in the $4.3 billion decrease in gross unrealized losses on the available-for-sale ("AFS") fixed maturity securities in our general account as of September 30, 2009. Our unrealized losses are concentrated in the investment grade category of investments and demonstrate how reduced liquidity in the credit markets has impacted asset values.
Stimulus Legislation
In reaction to the recession, credit market illiquidity and global financial crisis experienced during the latter part of 2008 and into 2009, Congress enacted the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 ("EESA") on October 3, 2008, and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ("ARRA") which was signed into law on February 17, 2009, in an effort to restore liquidity to the U.S. credit markets and stimulate the U.S. economy. The ARRA and TARP authorized the purchase of "troubled assets" from financial institutions, including insurance companies. Pursuant to the authority granted under the TARP, the U.S. Treasury also adopted the CPP, the Generally Available Capital Access Program and the Exceptional Financial Recovery Assistance Program. It remains unclear at this point, if and when the EESA and ARRA will restore sustained liquidity and confidence in the markets and its affect on the fair value of our invested assets.
TARP CPP
On November 13, 2008, we filed an application to participate in the CPP that was established under the EESA. On January 8, 2009, the Office of Thrift Supervision . . .
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