MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
INTRODUCTION
Management's discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial
condition ("MD&A") is a supplement to the accompanying consolidated financial
statements and provides additional information on Time Warner Inc.'s ("Time
Warner" or the "Company") businesses, current developments, financial condition,
cash flows and results of operations. MD&A is organized as follows:
• Overview. This section provides a general description of Time Warner's
business segments, as well as recent developments the Company believes are
important in understanding the results of operations and financial condition
or in understanding anticipated future trends.
• Results of operations. This section provides an analysis of the Company's
results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009.
This analysis is presented on both a consolidated and a business segment
basis. In addition, a brief description is provided of significant
transactions and events that affect the comparability of the results being
analyzed.
• Financial condition and liquidity. This section provides an analysis of the
Company's financial condition as of September 30, 2009 and cash flows for the
nine months ended September 30, 2009.
• Caution concerning forward-looking statements. This section provides a
description of the use of forward-looking information appearing in this
report, including in MD&A and the consolidated financial statements. Such
information is based on management's current expectations about future
events, which are inherently susceptible to uncertainty and changes in
circumstances. Refer to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2008 (the "2008 Form 10-K"), as well as Item 1A, "Risk
Factors," in Part II of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2009 (the "June 2009 Form 10-Q"), for a discussion of
the risk factors applicable to the Company.
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OVERVIEW
Time Warner is a leading media and entertainment company, whose major
businesses encompass an array of the most respected and successful media brands.
Among the Company's brands are HBO, TNT, CNN, AOL, People, Sports Illustrated
and Time. The Company produces and distributes films through Warner Bros. and
New Line Cinema, including Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, The Hangover,
The Dark Knight and Gran Torino, as well as television series, including Two and
a Half Men, The Mentalist, The Big Bang Theory, Gossip Girl and The Closer.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Company generated revenues
of $20.889 billion (down 7% from $22.518 billion in 2008), Operating Income of
$3.769 billion (down 7% from $4.066 billion in 2008), Net Income of $1.841
billion (down 30% from $2.630 billion in 2008) and Cash Provided by Operations
from Continuing Operations of $3.482 billion (down 18% from $4.246 billion in
2008).
On March 12, 2009, the Company completed the legal and structural separation
of Time Warner Cable Inc. ("TWC") from the Company. With the completion of the
separation, the Company disposed of the Cable segment in its entirety and ceased
to consolidate the financial condition and results of operations of TWC in its
consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the Company has presented the
financial condition and results of operations of the Cable segment as
discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements
for all periods presented.
On May 28, 2009, Time Warner announced that its Board of Directors has
authorized management to proceed with plans for the complete legal and
structural separation of AOL LLC from Time Warner, which is expected to occur in
the fourth quarter of 2009. Refer to "Recent Developments" for more information.
Impact of the Current Economic Environment
The current global economic recession has reduced the Company's visibility
into long-term business trends and has adversely affected its businesses during
the first nine months of 2009 and is currently expected to continue to adversely
affect them during the remainder of 2009. For example, during the nine months
ended September 30, 2009, the Company's Advertising revenues declined 14%
compared to the similar period in the prior year. The Company currently expects
Advertising revenues to continue to decline during the remainder of 2009 as
compared to the similar period in 2008, although the rate of decline for the
remainder of 2009 is expected to moderate in comparison to that experienced
during the first nine months of 2009. Additionally, the current economic
environment is adversely affecting the Company's Content revenues due to, among
other things, reduced consumer spending on DVDs.
The significant losses in the market value of the Company's pension plan
assets in 2008 have resulted in an increase in pension expense of approximately
$42 million and $113 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended
September 30, 2009 and are expected to result in an approximately $150 million
increase in pension expense for the full year of 2009. Additionally, the
strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to significant foreign currencies to
which the Company is exposed has negatively affected the Company's revenues and
Operating Income by approximately $130 million and $70 million, respectively,
for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and approximately $570 million and
$170 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. If
exchange rates remain at levels similar to those at September 30, 2009, the
Company does not expect they will have a significant impact on revenues or
Operating Income during the remainder of 2009 compared to the similar period in
2008.
The Company continues to have strong liquidity to meet its needs for the
foreseeable future. At September 30, 2009, the Company had $14.029 billion of
unused committed capacity, including cash and equivalents and credit facilities
containing commitments from a geographically diverse group of major financial
institutions. See "Financial Condition and Liquidity" for further details
regarding the Company's total committed borrowing capacity.
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Time Warner Businesses
Time Warner classifies its operations into four reportable segments:
Networks, Filmed Entertainment, Publishing and AOL.
Time Warner evaluates the performance and operational strength of its
business segments based on several factors, of which the primary financial
measure is operating income before depreciation of tangible assets and
amortization of intangible assets ("Operating Income before Depreciation and
Amortization"). Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization eliminates
the uneven effects across all business segments of noncash depreciation of
tangible assets and amortization of certain intangible assets, primarily
intangible assets recognized in business combinations. Operating Income before
Depreciation and Amortization should be considered in addition to Operating
Income, as well as other measures of financial performance. Accordingly, the
discussion of the results of operations for each of Time Warner's business
segments includes both Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization and
Operating Income. For additional information regarding Time Warner's business
segments, refer to Note 11, "Segment Information."
Networks. Time Warner's Networks segment is comprised of Turner Broadcasting
System, Inc. ("Turner") and Home Box Office, Inc. ("HBO"). For the nine months
ended September 30, 2009, the Networks segment generated revenues of
$8.645 billion (41% of the Company's overall revenues), $3.089 billion in
Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization and $2.773 billion in
Operating Income.
The Turner networks - including such recognized brands as TNT, TBS, CNN,
Cartoon Network, truTV and HLN (formerly CNN Headline News) - are among the
leaders in advertising-supported cable TV networks. For seven consecutive years,
more primetime households have watched advertising-supported cable TV networks
than the national broadcast networks. The Turner networks generate revenues
principally from the receipt of monthly subscriber fees paid by cable system
operators, satellite distribution services, telephone companies and other
distributors and from the sale of advertising. Key contributors to Turner's
success are its continued investments in high-quality programming focused on
sports, original and syndicated series, news, network movie premieres and
animation leading to strong ratings and revenue growth, as well as strong brands
and operating efficiencies. For the remainder of 2009, the Company anticipates
that the difficult economic environment and the absence of advertising revenues
associated with the 2008 election coverage will adversely affect Advertising
revenues at Turner compared to the similar period in 2008.
HBO operates the HBO and Cinemax multichannel premium pay television
programming services, with the HBO service ranking as the nation's most widely
distributed premium pay television service. HBO generates revenues principally
from monthly subscriber fees from cable system operators, satellite distribution
services, telephone companies and other distributors. An additional source of
revenues is the sale of its original programming, including Sex and the City,
True Blood, Entourage, The Sopranos and Rome.
The Company's Networks segment has recently focused on international
expansion, including Turner's fourth quarter 2007 acquisition of seven pay
networks operating principally in Latin America and HBO's acquisitions of
additional equity interests in HBO Asia and HBO South Asia during the fourth
quarter of 2007 and first quarter of 2008, as well as the acquisition of an
additional equity interest in the HBO Latin America Group, consisting of HBO
Brasil, HBO Olé and HBO Latin America Production Services (collectively, "HBO
LAG"), during the fourth quarter of 2008. In addition, during the three months
ended September 30, 2009, Turner acquired Japan Image Communications Co., Ltd.
("JIC"), a Japanese pay television business. HBO LAG and JIC contributed
revenues and Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization of
$265 million and $69 million, respectively, for the nine months ended
September 30, 2009. In addition, during 2008 and the first nine months of 2009,
Turner expanded its presence in Turkey, Germany and Korea. The Company
anticipates that international expansion will continue to be an area of focus at
the Networks segment for the foreseeable future.
Filmed Entertainment. Time Warner's Filmed Entertainment segment is
comprised of Warner Bros. Entertainment Group ("Warner Bros."), one of the
world's leading studios, and New Line Cinema Corporation ("New Line"). For the
nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Filmed Entertainment segment generated
revenues of $7.746 billion (35% of the
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Company's overall revenues), $923 million in Operating Income before
Depreciation and Amortization and $648 million in Operating Income.
The Filmed Entertainment segment has diversified sources of revenues within
its film and television businesses, including an extensive film library and a
global distribution infrastructure, which have helped it to deliver consistent
long-term operating performance. To increase operational efficiencies and
maximize performance within the Filmed Entertainment segment, in 2008 the
Company reorganized the New Line business to be operated as a unit of Warner
Bros. while maintaining separate development, production and other operations,
and the Company incurred restructuring charges primarily related to involuntary
employee terminations in connection with the reorganization. Beginning in the
first quarter of 2009, Warner Bros. commenced a significant restructuring,
primarily consisting of headcount reductions and the outsourcing of certain
functions to an external service provider. As a result of these restructurings,
the Filmed Entertainment segment incurred restructuring charges of $17 million
and $85 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009,
respectively, and expects to incur additional restructuring charges of
approximately $10 million in the fourth quarter of 2009.
Warner Bros. continues to be an industry leader in the television business.
During the 2009-2010 broadcast season, Warner Bros. expects to produce more than
25 primetime series, with at least one series airing on each of the five
broadcast networks (including Two and a Half Men, The Mentalist, The Big Bang
Theory, Gossip Girl and Smallville), as well as original series for several
cable networks (including The Closer and Nip/Tuck).
The sale of DVDs has been one of the largest drivers of the segment's profit
over the last several years. The industry and the Company experienced a decline
in DVD sales in 2008 and the first nine months of 2009 as growing consumer
interest in high definition Blu-ray DVDs and the effect of increased electronic
delivery only partially offset softening consumer demand for standard definition
DVDs. Also contributing to the overall decline in DVD sales are several factors,
including the general economic downturn in the U.S. and many regions around the
world, increasing competition for consumer discretionary time and spending,
piracy and the maturation of the standard definition DVD format.
Piracy, including physical piracy as well as illegal online file-sharing,
continues to be a significant issue for the filmed entertainment industry. Due
to technological advances, piracy has expanded from music to movies, television
programming and interactive games. The Company has taken a variety of actions to
combat piracy over the last several years, including the launch of new services
for consumers at competitive price points, aggressive online and customs
enforcement, compressed release windows and educational campaigns, and will
continue to do so, both individually and together with cross-industry groups,
trade associations and strategic partners.
Publishing. Time Warner's Publishing segment consists principally of
magazine publishing and related websites as well as a number of direct-marketing
businesses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Publishing segment
generated revenues of $2.635 billion (12% of the Company's overall revenues),
$295 million in Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization and
$167 million in Operating Income. In an ongoing effort to continue to streamline
the Publishing segment's operations, the Company expects to incur up to
$100 million of restructuring costs primarily related to severance costs in the
fourth quarter of 2009.
As of September 30, 2009, Time Inc. published 22 magazines in the U.S.,
including People, Sports Illustrated, Time, InStyle, Real Simple, Southern
Living and Fortune, and over 90 magazines outside the U.S., primarily through
IPC Media ("IPC") in the U.K. and Grupo Editorial Expansión ("GEE") in Mexico.
The Publishing segment generates revenues primarily from advertising (including
advertising on digital properties), magazine subscriptions and newsstand sales.
Time Inc. also owns the magazine subscription marketer, Synapse Group, Inc.
("Synapse"), and the school and youth group fundraising company, QSP, Inc. and
its Canadian affiliate, Quality Service Programs Inc. (collectively, "QSP").
Advertising sales at the Publishing segment, particularly print advertising
sales, continue to be significantly adversely affected by the current economic
environment as evidenced by their continuing decline during the first nine
months of 2009. Online advertising sales at the Publishing segment have also
been adversely affected by the current economic environment, although, on a
percentage basis, to a lesser degree than print advertising sales. Time Inc.
continues to develop digital content, including the relaunch of RealSimple.com
and the expansion of People.com and Time.com, as well as the expansion of
digital properties owned by IPC and GEE. Online Advertising revenues were 11%
and 12%, respectively, of Time Inc.'s total Advertising revenues for the three
and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to 11% and 10%,
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respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008. On
July 16, 2009, Time Inc. completed the sale of its direct-selling division,
Southern Living At Home, which sells home decor products through independent
consultants at parties hosted in people's homes throughout the U.S.
AOL. AOL LLC (together with its subsidiaries, "AOL") is a leading global web
services company with an extensive suite of brands and offerings and a
substantial worldwide audience. Its business spans online content, products and
services that it offers to consumers, publishers and advertisers. AOL is focused
on attracting and engaging consumers and providing valuable online advertising
services on both its owned and operated properties and third-party websites. As
of September 2009, AOL has the largest advertising network in terms of online
consumer reach in the U.S. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, AOL
generated revenues of $2.448 billion (12% of the Company's overall revenues),
$760 million in Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization and
$449 million in Operating Income.
Historically, AOL's primary strategic focus was its dial-up Internet access
services business, which operated one of the largest Internet subscription
access services in the U.S. As broadband penetration in the U.S. increased, AOL
experienced a decline, which it continues to experience, in subscribers to its
access service. At the same time, online advertising experienced significant
growth. In August 2006, AOL fundamentally shifted the primary strategic focus of
its business from generating Subscription revenues to attracting and engaging
Internet consumers and generating Advertising revenues. In connection with this
shift, AOL began offering the vast majority of its content, products and
services to consumers for free in an effort to attract and engage a broader
group of consumers. While this strategic shift was announced in 2006, AOL is
still in the process of completing this transition. Consequently, AOL's
subscription access service remains an important source of its total revenues
and cash flows.
The Company has been evaluating potential transactions involving, and
structural alternatives for, AOL for some time, including the possibility of
separating AOL's global web services and subscription access services
businesses, which share infrastructure such as data centers and network
operations centers. Historically, the global web services business had three
units: (i) the first focused on content published on a variety of websites with
related applications and services; (ii) the second focused on social networking,
community and instant communications products and services; and (iii) the third
focused on providing advertising services on both AOL's owned and operated
properties and third-party websites. The subscription access services business
included the AOL-branded Internet access service as well as the CompuServe and
Netscape Internet access services.
In April 2009, Tim Armstrong was appointed AOL's Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer, and he commenced a review of AOL's strategy and operations while the
Company continued its evaluation of structural alternatives. The Company's
evaluation resulted in the announcement on May 28, 2009 that it would move
forward with plans for the complete legal and structural separation of AOL from
Time Warner. Refer to "Recent Developments" for further details regarding the
separation of AOL from Time Warner.
In connection with the strategic review conducted by Mr. Armstrong, which
factored in the Company's decision to separate AOL from Time Warner, AOL has
updated its organizational structure and developed the next phase in the
strategic shift begun in 2006. AOL's strategy remains focused primarily on
attracting and engaging Internet consumers and generating Advertising revenues,
with the subscription access service managed as a valuable distribution channel
for AOL's content, product and service offerings. As a result, AOL intends to
continue to operate as a single integrated business rather than as two separate
businesses.
AOL's strategy is to focus its resources on its core competitive strengths in
web content production, local and mapping, communications and advertising
networks while expanding the presence of its content, products and service
offerings on multiple platforms and digital devices. AOL also aims to reorient
its culture and reinvigorate the AOL brand by prioritizing the consumer
experience and making greater use of data-driven insights. AOL aims to encourage
innovation through the entrepreneurial environment of AOL Ventures.
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AOL's business operations are focused on the following two areas:
• AOL Media. AOL seeks to be a global publisher of relevant and engaging
online content by utilizing open and highly scalable publishing platforms and
content management systems, as well as a leading online provider of consumer
products and services.
AOL generates Advertising revenues from its owned and operated content,
products and services, which are referred to as "AOL Media," through the sale
of display and search advertising. AOL seeks to provide effective and
efficient advertising solutions utilizing data-driven insights that help
advertisers decide how best to engage consumers.
AOL also generates revenues through its subscription access service. AOL
views its subscription access service as a valuable distribution channel for
AOL Media. AOL's access service subscribers are important users of AOL Media
and engaging both present and former access service subscribers is an
important component of its strategy. In addition, AOL's subscription access
service will remain an important source of revenue and cash flow for AOL in
the near term.
• Third Party Network. AOL also generates Advertising revenues through the
sale of advertising on third-party websites and on digital devices, which are
referred to as the "Third Party Network," and AOL markets these advertising
offerings to publishers under the brand "Advertising.com." AOL's mission is
to provide an open and transparent advertising system that is easy-to-use and
offers its publishers and advertisers unique and valuable insights. AOL seeks
to significantly increase the number of publishers and advertisers utilizing
the network.
AOL markets its advertising offerings to advertisers on both AOL Media and
the Third Party Network under the brand "AOL Advertising."
During the first nine months of 2009, AOL's Advertising revenues were
negatively affected by weak global economic conditions, which contributed to
lower advertising demand, and which the Company anticipates may continue to
negatively affect AOL's Advertising revenues in the fourth quarter of 2009.
Google Inc. ("Google") is, except in limited circumstances, the exclusive web
search provider for AOL Media. In connection with these search services, Google
provides AOL with a share of the revenues generated through paid text-based
search advertising on AOL Media. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009,
Advertising revenues associated with the Google relationship (substantially all
of which were generated on AOL Media) were $422 million. In addition, AOL sells
search-based keyword advertising directly to advertisers on AOL Media through
the use of a white-labeled, modified version of Google's advertising platform,
for which AOL provides a share of the revenues generated through such sales to
Google. Domestically, AOL has agreed, except in certain limited circumstances,
to use Google's search services on an exclusive basis through December 19, 2010.
Upon expiration of this agreement, AOL expects to continue to generate
Advertising revenues by providing paid-search advertising on AOL Media, either
through the continuation of its relationship with Google or an agreement with
another search provider.
AOL views its subscription access service, which is offered to consumers in
the U.S. for a monthly fee, as a valuable distribution channel for AOL Media. In
general, subscribers to the subscription access service are among the most
engaged consumers on AOL Media. However, the domestic AOL-brand access
subscriber base has been declining, which has had an adverse impact on AOL's
Subscription revenues. AOL's domestic AOL-brand access subscribers declined
1.5 million and 1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and
2008, respectively. The continued decline in subscribers is the result of
several factors, including the increased availability of high-speed broadband
Internet connections, the fact that a significant amount of online content,
products and services has been optimized for use with Internet broadband
connections and the effects of AOL's strategic shift announced in 2006, which
resulted in significantly reduced marketing efforts for its subscription access
service, and the free availability of the majority of its content, products and
services. AOL expects the net number of domestic AOL-brand access subscribers to
continue to decline. Accordingly, because Advertising revenues associated with
AOL Media in large part are generated from the activity (including search
queries) of current and former AOL subscribers, as AOL's subscriber base
declines, AOL needs to maintain the engagement of former subscribers similar to
historical levels and increase the number and engagement of other consumers on
AOL Media. AOL seeks to do
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this by continuing to develop and offer engaging content, products and services
and continuing to transition those access service subscribers who are
terminating their paid access subscriptions to free AOL Media offerings.
During the first nine months of 2009, in an effort to better align its cost
structure with its revenues, AOL undertook various restructuring activities. As
a result, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, AOL incurred
restructuring charges of $10 million and $83 million, respectively, primarily
related to involuntary employee terminations and facility closures. AOL
currently expects to incur up to $20 million of additional restructuring charges
through the consummation of the AOL Separation (as defined below), which is
. . .