Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations.
Forward-Looking Statements
The statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this
report are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally can
be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "may," "will,"
"would," "expect," "intend," "could," "estimate," "should," "anticipate" or
"believe." We believe the expectations reflected in such forward-looking
statements are accurate. However, we cannot assure you that these expectations
will occur. Our actual future performance could differ materially from such
statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include,
but are not limited to:
• uncertainties regarding the ability to open new rent-to-own stores;
• our ability to acquire additional rent-to-own stores or customer accounts on
favorable terms;
• our ability to control costs and increase profitability;
• our ability to successfully add financial services locations within our
existing rent-to-own stores;
• our ability to identify and successfully enter new lines of business offering
products and services that appeal to our customer demographic, including our
financial services products;
• our ability to enhance the performance of acquired stores;
• our ability to retain the revenue associated with acquired customer accounts;
• our ability to identify and successfully market products and services that
appeal to our customer demographic;
• our ability to enter into new and collect on our rental purchase agreements;
• our ability to enter into new and collect on our short term loans;
• the passage of legislation adversely affecting the rent-to-own or financial
services industries;
• our failure to comply with statutes or regulations governing the rent-to-own
or financial services industries;
• interest rates;
• increases in the unemployment rate;
• economic pressures, such as high fuel and utility costs, affecting the
disposable income available to our targeted consumers;
• changes in our stock price and the number of shares of common stock that we
may or may not repurchase;
• changes in estimates relating to self-insurance liabilities and income tax
and litigation reserves;
• changes in our effective tax rate;
• our ability to maintain an effective system of internal controls;
• changes in the number of share-based compensation grants, methods used to
value future share-based payments and changes in estimated forfeiture rates
with respect to share-based compensation;
• the resolution of any material litigation; and
• the other risks detailed from time to time in our SEC reports.
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Additional important factors that could cause our actual results to differ
materially from our expectations are discussed under "Risk Factors" later in
this report as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended
December 31, 2008. You should not unduly rely on these forward-looking
statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required
by law, we are not obligated to publicly release any revisions to these
forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after
the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
Our Business
We are the largest operator in the United States rent-to-own industry with an
approximate 35% market share based on store count. At September 30, 2009, we
operated 3,004 company-owned stores nationwide and in Canada and Puerto Rico,
including 37 retail installment sales stores under the names "Get It Now" and
"Home Choice" and 15 rent-to-own stores located in Canada under the names
"Rent-A-Centre" and "Better Living." Our subsidiary, ColorTyme, is a national
franchisor of rent-to-own stores. At September 30, 2009, ColorTyme had 213
franchised rent-to-own stores in 33 states. These franchise stores represent an
additional 3% market share based on store count.
Our stores generally offer high quality durable products such as major consumer
electronics, appliances, computers, and furniture and accessories under flexible
rental purchase agreements that generally allow the customer to obtain ownership
of the merchandise at the conclusion of an agreed-upon rental period. The rental
purchase transaction is a flexible alternative for consumers to obtain use and
enjoyment of brand name merchandise without incurring debt. Key features of the
rental purchase transaction include:
• convenient payment options - in-store, over the phone or online;
• no long-term obligations;
• right to terminate without penalty;
• no requirement of a credit history;
• set-up and delivery included at no additional charge;
• product maintenance;
• lifetime reinstatement; and
• flexible options to obtain ownership - 90 days same as cash, early purchase
options, or payment through the term of the agreement.
Rental payments are made generally on a weekly basis and, together with
applicable fees, constitute our primary revenue source.
Our expenses primarily relate to merchandise costs and the operations of our
stores, including salaries and benefits for our employees, occupancy expense for
our leased real estate, advertising expenses, lost, damaged, or stolen
merchandise, fixed asset depreciation, and corporate and other expenses.
From 1993 to 2006, we pursued an aggressive growth strategy in which we sought
to acquire underperforming rent-to-own stores to which we could apply our
operating model as well as open new stores. As a result, the acquired stores
have generally experienced more significant revenue growth during the initial
periods following their acquisition than in subsequent periods. Typically, a
newly opened rent-to-own store is profitable on a monthly basis in the ninth to
twelfth month after its initial opening. Historically, a typical store has
achieved cumulative break-even profitability in 18 to 24 months after its
initial opening. Total financing requirements of a typical new store approximate
$500,000, with roughly 75% of that amount relating to the purchase of rental
merchandise inventory. A newly opened store historically has achieved results
consistent with other stores that have been operating within the system for
greater than two years by the end of its third year of operation. As a result,
our quarterly earnings are impacted by how many new stores we opened during a
particular quarter and the quarters preceding it. Because of significant growth
since our formation, our historical results of operations and period-to-period
comparisons of such results and other financial data, including the rate of
earnings growth, may not be meaningful or indicative of future results.
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In addition, we strategically open or acquire stores near market areas served by
existing stores ("cannibalize") to enhance service levels, gain incremental
sales and increase market penetration. This planned cannibalization may
negatively impact our same store revenue and cause us to grow at a slower rate.
There can be no assurance that we will open any new rent-to-own stores in the
future, or as to the number, location or profitability thereof.
We also offer financial services products, such as short term secured and
unsecured loans, debit cards, check cashing, tax preparation and money transfer
services, in some of our existing rent-to-own stores under the trade names "RAC
Financial Services" and "Cash AdvantEdge." As of September 30, 2009, we offered
some or all of these financial services products in 345 Rent-A-Center store
locations in 17 states. We continue to focus our resources on improving the
operations in these existing financial services store locations and expect to
have approximately 400 Rent-A-Center store locations offering financial services
by the end of 2010. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in our
efforts to improve and expand our financial services operations or that such
operations, should they be added, will prove to be profitable.
Critical Accounting Policies Involving Critical Estimates, Uncertainties or
Assessments in Our Financial Statements
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts
of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent losses and liabilities at
the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In applying accounting
principles, we must often make individual estimates and assumptions regarding
expected outcomes or uncertainties. Our estimates, judgments and assumptions are
continually evaluated based on available information and experience. Because of
the use of estimates inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results
could differ from those estimates. We believe the following are areas where the
degree of judgment and complexity in determining amounts recorded in our
consolidated financial statements make the accounting policies critical.
Self-Insurance Liabilities. We have self-insured retentions with respect to
losses under our workers' compensation, general liability and auto liability
insurance policies. We establish reserves for our liabilities associated with
these losses by obtaining forecasts for the ultimate expected losses and
estimating amounts needed to pay losses within our self-insured retentions.
We continually institute procedures to manage our loss exposure and increases in
health care costs associated with our insurance claims through a greater focus
on the risk management function, a transitional duty program for injured
workers, ongoing safety and accident prevention training, and various programs
designed to minimize losses and improve our loss experience in our store
locations. We make assumptions on our liabilities within our self-insured
retentions using actuarial loss forecasts, company specific development factors,
general industry loss development factors, and third party claim administrator
loss estimates which are based on known facts surrounding individual claims.
These assumptions incorporate expected increases in health care costs.
Periodically, we reevaluate our estimate of liability within our self-insured
retentions. At that time, we evaluate the adequacy of our accruals by comparing
amounts accrued on our balance sheet for anticipated losses to our updated
actuarial loss forecasts and third party claim administrator loss estimates, and
make adjustments to our accruals as needed.
As of September 30, 2009, the amount accrued for losses within our self-insured
retentions with respect to workers' compensation, general liability and auto
liability insurance was $126.9 million, as compared to $117.9 million at
December 31, 2008 and $117.2 million at September 30, 2008. If any of the
factors that contribute to the overall cost of insurance claims were to change,
the actual amount incurred for our self-insurance liability would be directly
affected. While we believe our loss prevention programs will reduce our total
cost for self-insurance claims, our actual cost could be greater than the
amounts currently accrued.
Litigation Reserves. We are the subject of litigation in the ordinary course of
our business. Historically, our litigation has involved lawsuits alleging
various regulatory violations. In preparing our financial statements at a given
point in time, we accrue for loss contingencies that are both probable and
reasonably estimable.
Each quarter, we make estimates of our probable losses, if reasonably estimable,
and record such amounts in our consolidated financial statements. These amounts
represent our best estimate, or may be the minimum range of probable loss when
no single best estimate is determinable. We, together with our counsel, monitor
developments related to these legal matters and, when appropriate, adjustments
are made to reflect current facts and circumstances. We expense legal fees and
expenses incurred in connection with the defense of all of our litigation at the
time such amounts are invoiced or otherwise made known to us.
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Our accruals relating to probable losses for our outstanding litigation follow:
At September 30, At September 30,
2009 2008
(In millions)
Shafer/Johnson Matter $ - $ 11.0
California Attorney General Settlement - 9.1
Other Litigation - 0.1
Total Accrual $ - $ 20.2
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As with most litigation, the ultimate outcome of our pending litigation is
uncertain. Additional developments in our litigation or other adverse or
positive developments or rulings in our litigation could affect our assumptions
and, thus, our accrual. Our estimates with respect to accrual for our litigation
expenses reflect our judgment as to the appropriate accounting charge at the end
of a period. Factors that we consider in evaluating our litigation reserves
include:
• the procedural status of the matter;
• our views and the views of our counsel as to the probability of a loss in the
matter;
• the relative strength of the parties' arguments with respect to liability and
damages in the matter;
• settlement discussions, if any, between the parties;
• how we intend to defend ourselves in the matter; and
• our experience.
Significant factors that may cause us to increase or decrease our accrual with
respect to a matter include:
• judgments or finding of liability against us in the matter by a trial court;
• the granting of, or declining to grant, a motion for class certification in
the matter;
• definitive decisions by appellate courts in the requisite jurisdiction
interpreting or otherwise providing guidance as to applicable law;
• favorable or unfavorable decisions as the matter progresses;
• settlements agreed to in principle by the parties in the matter, subject to
court approval; and
• final settlement of the matter.
Income Taxes. Our annual tax rate is affected by many factors, including the mix
of our earnings, legislation and acquisitions, and is based on our income,
statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available to us in the
jurisdictions in which we operate. Tax laws are complex and subject to differing
interpretations between the taxpayer and the taxing authorities. Significant
judgment is required in determining our tax expense, evaluating our tax
positions and evaluating uncertainties. We recognize the financial statement
benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority
would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax
positions meeting the more-likely-than not threshold, the amount recognized in
the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than
50 percent likelihood of being realized upon the ultimate settlement with the
relevant tax authority. We review our tax positions quarterly and adjust the
balance as new information becomes available.
If we make changes to our accruals with respect to our self-insurance
liabilities, or litigation or income tax reserves in accordance with the
policies described above, our earnings would be impacted. Increases to our
accruals would reduce earnings and, similarly, reductions to our accruals would
increase our earnings. A pre-tax change of $1.1 million in our estimates would
result in a corresponding $0.01 change in our earnings per common share.
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Stock-Based Compensation Expense. We recognize share-based payment awards to our
employees and directors at the estimated fair value on the grant date.
Determining the fair value of any share-based awards requires information about
several variables including, but not limited to, expected stock volatility over
the terms of the awards, expected dividend yields and the predicted employee
exercise behavior. We base expected life on historical exercise and post-vesting
employment-termination experience, and expected volatility on historical
realized volatility trends. In addition, all stock- based compensation expense
is recorded net of an estimated forfeiture rate. The forfeiture rate is based
upon historical activity and is analyzed at least quarterly as actual
forfeitures occur. Stock options granted during the nine months ended
September 30, 2009 were valued using the binomial method pricing model with the
following assumptions for employee options: expected volatility of 45.30% to
66.50%, a risk-free interest rate of 0.40% to 2.04%, no dividend yield, and an
expected life of 5.34 years. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we
recognized $2.9 million in pre-tax compensation expense related to stock options
and restricted stock units granted.
Based on an assessment of our accounting policies and the underlying judgments
and uncertainties affecting the application of those policies, we believe our
consolidated financial statements provide a meaningful and fair perspective of
our company. However, we do not suggest that other general risk factors, such as
those discussed later in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for
our fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 as well as changes in our growth
objectives or performance of new or acquired stores, could not adversely impact
our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows in
future periods.
Significant Accounting Policies
Our significant accounting policies are summarized below and in Note A to our
consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Revenue. Merchandise is rented to customers pursuant to rental purchase
agreements which provide for weekly, semi-monthly or monthly rental terms with
non-refundable rental payments. Generally, the customer has the right to acquire
title either through a purchase option or through payment of all required
rentals. Rental revenue and fees are recognized over the rental term and
merchandise sales revenue is recognized when the customer exercises the purchase
option and pays the cash price due. Cash received prior to the period in which
it should be recognized is deferred and recognized according to the rental term.
Revenue is accrued for uncollected amounts due based on historical collection
experience. However, the total amount of the rental purchase agreement is not
accrued because the customer can terminate the rental agreement at any time and
we cannot enforce collection for non-payment of future rents.
Revenue from the sale of merchandise in our retail installment stores is
recognized when the installment note is signed, the customer has taken
possession of the merchandise and collectability is reasonably assured.
The revenue from our financial services is recognized depending on the type of
transaction. Fees collected on loans are recognized ratably over the term of the
loan. For money orders, wire transfers, check cashing and other customer service
type transactions, fee revenue is recognized at the time the service is
performed.
Franchise Revenue. Revenue from the sale of rental merchandise is recognized
upon shipment of the merchandise to the franchisee. Franchise fee revenue is
recognized upon completion of substantially all services and satisfaction of all
material conditions required under the terms of the franchise agreement.
Depreciation of Rental Merchandise. Depreciation of rental merchandise is
included in the cost of rentals and fees on our statement of earnings.
Generally, we depreciate our rental merchandise using the income forecasting
method. Under the income forecasting method, merchandise held for rent is not
depreciated and merchandise on rent is depreciated in the proportion of rents
received to total rents provided in the rental contract, which is an
activity-based method similar to the units of production method. Effective
July 1, 2009, we depreciate merchandise held for rent (except for computers)
that is at least 270 days old and held for rent for at least 180 consecutive
days using the straight-line method for a period generally not to exceed
20 months. This change in depreciation method had no material impact on our
consolidated financial statements.
On computers that are 24 months old or older and which have become idle,
depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method for a period of at
least six months, generally not to exceed an aggregate depreciation period of
30 months.
Cost of Merchandise Sold. Cost of merchandise sold represents the net book value
of rental merchandise at time of sale. Cost of merchandise sold also includes
the cost of services offered by us, such as prepaid telephone and electric
services.
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Salaries and Other Expenses. Salaries and other expenses include all salaries
and wages paid to store level employees, together with district managers'
salaries, travel and occupancy, including any related benefits and taxes, as
well as all store level general and administrative expenses and selling,
advertising, insurance, occupancy, delivery, fixed asset depreciation and other
operating expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses include
all corporate overhead expenses related to our headquarters such as salaries,
taxes and benefits, occupancy, administrative and other operating expenses.
Results of Operations
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 compared to Nine Months Ended September 30,
2008
Store Revenue. Total store revenue decreased by $100.8 million, or 4.7%, to
$2,054.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 as compared to
$2,155.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. This decrease in
total store revenue was primarily attributable to a decrease in same store sales
of 3.9% and the anticipated revenue attrition from approximately 365 stores that
received customer agreements from stores closed in the 2007 restructuring plan.
Same store revenues represent those revenues earned in 2,294 stores that were
operated by us for each of the entire nine month periods ended September 30,
2009 and 2008. Same store revenues decreased by $61.1 million, or 3.9%, to
$1,504.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 as compared to
$1,565.9 million in 2008. This decrease in same store revenues was primarily
attributable to a decrease in the number of units per customer in the first nine
months of 2009 as compared to 2008.
Franchise Revenue. Total franchise revenue decreased by $4.6 million, or 15.9%,
to $24.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 as compared to
$29.1 million in 2008. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in
the number of products sold to franchisees in the first nine months of 2009 as
compared to the first nine months of 2008 due to fewer franchise stores in 2009.
Cost of Rentals and Fees. Cost of rentals and fees consists of depreciation of
rental merchandise and the costs associated with our membership programs. Cost
of rentals and fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 decreased by
$35.7 million, or 8.2%, to $398.3 million as compared to $434.0 million in 2008.
This decrease in cost of rentals and fees is primarily attributable to a
decrease in the number of units on rent in the first nine months of 2009 as
compared to 2008. Cost of rentals and fees expressed as a percentage of store
rentals and fees revenue decreased slightly to 22.6% for the nine months ended
September 30, 2009 as compared to 22.9% in 2008.
Cost of Merchandise Sold. Cost of merchandise sold decreased by $2.5 million, or
1.6%, to $150.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 from
$153.2 million in 2008. The gross margin percent of merchandise sales increased
to 28.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 from 22.7% in 2008. This
percentage increase was primarily attributable to a higher margin on early
purchase option transactions during the 2009 period.
Salaries and Other Expenses. Salaries and other expenses decreased by
$65.3 million, or 5.3%, to $1,176.0 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 2009 as compared to $1,241.3 million in 2008. This decrease was
primarily attributable to a decrease in store level expenses due to our cost
control initiatives such as improvements in management of labor expense,
delivery costs and inventory losses. Charge offs in our rental stores due to
customer stolen merchandise, expressed as a percentage of rental store revenues,
were approximately 2.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 as compared
to 2.5% in 2008. Salaries and other expenses expressed as a percentage of total
store revenue decreased slightly to 57.2% for the nine months ended September
30, 2009 from 57.6% in 2008.
Franchise Cost of Merchandise Sold. Franchise cost of merchandise sold decreased
by $4.3 million, or 17.6%, to $20.0 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 2009 as compared to $24.3 million in 2008. This decrease was
primarily attributable to a decrease in the number of products sold to
franchisees in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to 2008.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses
increased by $7.6 million, or 8.1%, to $101.6 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 2009 as compared to $94.0 million in 2008. General and
administrative expenses expressed as a percentage of total revenue increased
slightly to 4.9% for the nine months ended
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September 30, 2009 from 4.3% in 2008. These increases are primarily attributable
to additional personnel and related expansion at our corporate office to support
our strategic initiatives.
Amortization and Write-Down of Intangibles. Amortization of intangibles
decreased by $9.7 million, or 80.0%, to $2.4 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 2009 from $12.1 million in 2008. This decrease was due to
intangible assets associated with the acquisition of Rent-Way that were fully
amortized in 2009 as compared to 2008.
Operating Profit. Operating profit increased by $11.2 million, or 5.3%, to
$221.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 as compared to
$210.5 million in 2008. Operating profit as a percentage of total revenue
increased to 10.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 from 9.6% for
2008. This increase was primarily attributable to a reduction in expenses and an
improvement in gross margins offset by lower revenue in the 2009 period as
compared to 2008.
Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased by $30.6 million, or 58.0%, to
$22.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 as compared to
. . .