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| CYS > SEC Filings for CYS > Form 10-Q on 22-Oct-2009 | All Recent SEC Filings |
22-Oct-2009
Quarterly Report
In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, we refer to Cypress Sharpridge Investments, Inc. as "we," "us," "our company," or "our," unless we specifically state otherwise or the context indicates otherwise. The following defines certain of the commonly used terms in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q: RMBS refers to residential mortgage-backed securities; agency securities or Agency RMBS refers to our RMBS that are issued or guaranteed by a federally chartered corporation, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac"), or an agency of the U.S. government, such as the Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae"); hybrids refers to hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage loans that have interest rates that are fixed for a specified period of time and, thereafter, generally adjust annually to an increment over a specified interest rate index; and ARMs refers to hybrids and adjustable-rate mortgage loans which typically have interest rates that adjust annually to an increment over a specified interest rate index.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and accompanying notes included in Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q as well as our registration statement on Form S-11 filed April 19, 2007, as amended.
Forward Looking Statements
When used in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, in future filings with the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") or in press releases or other written
or oral communications, statements which are not historical in nature, including
those containing words such as "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate,"
"plan," "continue," "intend," "should," "may" or similar expressions, are
intended to identify "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and, as such, may involve known and
unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions.
Forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and
expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information
currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations are
subject to risks and uncertainties and can change as a result of many possible
events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our
business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary
materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. The following
factors could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements:
changes in interest rates and the market value of our Agency RMBS; changes in
the prepayment rates on the mortgage loans underlying our Agency RMBS; our
ability to borrow to finance our assets; changes in government regulations
affecting our business; our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT for
federal income tax purposes; our ability to maintain our exemption from
registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the
"Investment Company Act"); and risks associated with investing in real estate
assets, including changes in business conditions and the general economy. These
and other risks, uncertainties and factors, including those described in our
registration statement on Form S-11 filed on April 19, 2007, as amended, could
cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in any
forward-looking statements we make. All forward-looking statements speak only as
of the date on which they are made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time
and it is not possible to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except
as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or
revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information,
future events or otherwise.
Overview
We are a specialty finance company created with the objective of achieving consistent risk-adjusted investment income. We seek to achieve this objective by investing, on a leveraged basis, exclusively in Agency RMBS. We are currently managed by Cypress Sharpridge Advisors LLC, a joint venture between affiliates of The Cypress Group and Sharpridge Capital Management, L.P.
We earn investment income from our investment portfolio, and we use leverage to seek to enhance our returns. Our net investment income is generated primarily from the difference, or net spread, between the interest income we earn on our investment portfolio and the cost of our borrowings and hedging activities. The amount of net investment income we earn on our investments depends in part on our ability to control our financing costs, which comprise a significant portion of our operating expenses. Although we leverage our portfolio investments in Agency RMBS to seek to enhance our potential returns, leverage also may exacerbate losses.
While we use hedging to mitigate some of our interest rate risk, we do not hedge all of our exposure to changes in interest rates, as there are practical limitations on our ability to insulate our portfolio from all potential negative consequences associated with changes in short term interest rates in a manner that will allow us to seek attractive spreads on our portfolio.
In February 2006, we completed our initial capitalization pursuant to which we raised net proceeds of approximately $78.0 million. In December 2006, we completed an additional private offering in which we raised approximately $105.8 million in net proceeds. In May 2008, we completed an additional private offering in which we raised approximately $14.0 million in net proceeds. In June 2009, we successfully completed an initial public offering of 10.5 million shares of common stock, raising approximately $105.8 million of new capital after offering expenses and the underwriters' exercise of their over-allotment option.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT and have complied, and intend to continue to comply, with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code") with respect thereto. Accordingly, we do not expect to be subject
to federal income tax on our REIT taxable income that we currently distribute to our stockholders if certain asset, income and ownership tests and recordkeeping requirements are fulfilled. Even if we maintain our qualification as a REIT, we may be subject to some federal, state and local taxes on our income. For example, Sharpridge TRS, Inc. is taxed as regular subchapter C corporation under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. For the quarter ended September 30, 2009, Sharpridge TRS, Inc. owned a 19% non-voting limited partnership interest in one of our sub-advisors, Sharpridge Capital Management, L.P., but had no taxable income.
Factors that Affect our Results of Operations and Financial Condition
A variety of industry and economic factors may impact our results of operations and financial condition. These factors include:
• interest rate trends;
• prepayment rates on mortgages underlying our Agency RMBS, and credit trends insofar as they affect prepayment rates;
• competition for investments in Agency RMBS;
• recent actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve and the U.S. Treasury; and
• other market developments.
In addition, a variety of factors relating to our business may also impact our results of operation and financial condition. These factors include:
• our degree of leverage;
• our access to funding and borrowing capacity;
• our borrowing costs;
• our hedging activities;
• changes in the credit ratings of the securities in our portfolio;
• the market value of our investments; and
• the REIT requirements and the requirements to qualify for a registration exemption under the Investment Company Act.
We anticipate that, for any period during which changes in the interest rates earned on our assets do not coincide with interest rate changes on the corresponding liabilities, such assets will reprice more slowly than the corresponding liabilities. Consequently, changes in interest rates, particularly short term interest rates, may significantly influence our net investment income.
Our net investment income may be affected by a difference between actual prepayment rates and our projections. Prepayments on loans and securities may be influenced by changes in market interest rates and homeowners' ability and desire to refinance their mortgages. To the extent we have acquired assets at a premium or discount to par value, changes in prepayment rates may impact our anticipated yield.
For a discussion of additional risks relating to our business see "Risk Factors" in our registration statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-142236) filed on April 19, 2007, as amended.
Trends and Recent Market Impacts
The following trends and recent market impacts may also affect our business:
Interest Rate Environment and Liquidity
Recent actions by the U.S. Federal Reserve and the U.S. Treasury appear to have stabilized the investing and financing environment for Agency RMBS. The liquidity facilities created by the U.S. Federal Reserve during 2007 and 2008 and its lowering of the Federal Funds Target Rate to 0 - 0.25%, along with the reduction of the 30-day LIBOR to 0.24563% as of September 30, 2009, have lowered our financing costs (which most closely correlates with the 30-day LIBOR) and stabilized the availability of repurchase agreement financing. The following table shows 30-day LIBOR and the U.S. Federal Funds Target Rate at the end of each of the prior seven fiscal quarters:
Date 30-Day LIBOR Federal Funds Target Rate
September 30, 2009 0.246 % 0.25 %
June 30, 2009 0.309 % 0.25 %
March 31, 2009 0.500 % 0.25 %
December 31, 2008 0.436 % 0.25 %
September 30, 2008 3.926 % 2.00 %
June 30, 2008 2.463 % 2.00 %
March 31, 2008 2.703 % 2.25 %
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Source: Bloomberg
Actions taken by the Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA") to place Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac under conservatorship and the U.S. Federal Reserve's purchase of Agency RMBS have likewise stabilized the market for our assets. Despite the fall in short term interest rates, yields on U.S. Treasury securities have risen with the yield on five-year U.S. Treasury notes rising by 81 basis points during the nine months ended September 30, 2009. Despite this rise in yields on U.S. Treasury securities, the market prices of Agency RMBS have risen. We believe this is an unusual circumstance and reflective of the stabilization of the Agency RMBS market. The following table is illustrative of this situation by comparing market levels for two benchmark securities, the yield on five-year U.S. Treasury Notes and the price of 15-year Fannie Mae 4.5% Agency RMBS:
Market Price of
Fannie Mae 4.5%
Date Five-Year US Treasury Note 15-Year Agency RMBS
September 30, 2009 2.31% $ 103.547
June 30, 2009 2.56% $ 102.00
March 31, 2009 1.66% $ 103.00
December 31, 2008 1.55% $ 102.375
September 30, 2008 2.98% $ 97.20
June 30, 2008 3.33% $ 96.75
March 31, 2008 2.44% $ 99.75
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Source: Bloomberg
Yields on three-year interest rate swaps, our current hedging vehicle, were relatively stable over the nine months ended September 30, 2009 rising by 12 basis points. Yields on mortgage securities have also risen during the same period. The yield on a par-priced Fannie Mae Agency RMBS backed by 30-year mortgage loans rose by 35 basis points over the nine months ended September 30, 2009. Our financing costs have fallen as financing rates have roughly tracked the interest rate cuts adopted by the U.S. Federal Reserve, which has consequently improved the net interest margin on our portfolio.
We believe the difficulties of the past two years in the residential housing and mortgage markets in the United States appear to have been somewhat alleviated in the Agency RMBS markets. However, a variety of difficulties and economic conditions including loan defaults, credit losses and decreased liquidity continue to affect the non-Agency RMBS market.
In response to credit market disruptions during the past two years, the U.S. Government has taken a number of actions to stimulate the credit markets and the economy. For example, on October 3, 2008, the U.S. Congress enacted the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act ("EESA".) The EESA provided for the establishment of the Troubled Asset Relief Program ("TARP") to purchase from financial institutions up to $700 billion of residential or commercial mortgages and any securities, obligations or other instruments that are based on or related to such mortgages, that in each case was originated or issued on or before March 14, 2008, as well as any other financial instrument that the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, after consultation with the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the U.S. Federal Reserve, determines the purchase of which is necessary to promote financial market stability, upon transmittal of such determination in writing, to the appropriate committees of the U.S. Congress. The EESA also provides for a program that would allow companies to insure their troubled assets. Unless extended, the TARP will expire on December 31, 2009.
In addition, the U.S. Federal Reserve has announced that it has initiated a program to purchase $200 billion in direct obligations of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Home Loan Banks and $1.25 trillion in Agency RMBS issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. The U.S. Federal Reserve stated that its actions are intended to reduce the cost and increase the availability of credit for the purchase of houses, which in turn was expected to support housing markets and foster improved conditions in financial markets more generally. The purchases of direct obligations began during the first week of December 2008 and the purchases of Agency RMBS began on January 5, 2009. The size and timing of the U.S. Government's Agency RMBS purchase program is subject to the discretion of the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, who has indicated that the purchases will be completed by the end of the first quarter of 2010. The impact of these events on the financial and credit markets remains uncertain; however, the U.S. Federal Reserve's program to purchase Agency RMBS could cause an increase in the prices of Agency RMBS, which would increase our book value but make purchases of Agency RMBS more expensive in the future.
See "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business- No assurance can be given that the actions taken by the U.S. Government for the purpose of seeking to stabilize the financial and credit markets and stimulate the economy will achieve the intended effect on, or benefit to, our business, and further government or market developments could adversely affect us" disclosed in our registration statement on Form S-11 filed on April 19, 2007, as amended, for a discussion of the risks associated with these and other programs.
Conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
In response to the credit market disruption and the deteriorating financial conditions of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, Congress and the U.S. Treasury undertook a series of actions. On July 30, 2008, the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 established FHFA as the new regulator for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. On September 7, 2008, FHFA, citing concerns about the continuing
ability of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to operate safely and soundly, placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship, which is a statutory process pursuant to which the FHFA will operate Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as conservator, in an effort to stabilize the entities. In connection with the conservatorship, FHFA announced that, after consultation with the U.S. Federal Reserve and the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, among other things (i) FHFA had assumed the power of the board of directors and management of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, (ii) the chief executive officers of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were being replaced, (iii) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac would be permitted to continue to guarantee Agency RMBS, and (iv) the U.S. Treasury would establish a financing and investment relationship with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. FHFA also noted that during the conservatorship period, FHFA would work to enact new regulations that would apply to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in an effort to implement the actions described above, including those relating to minimum capital standards, prudent safety and soundness standards and portfolio limits of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
As announced by the U.S. Treasury on September 7, 2008, the newly established financing and investing relationship between the U.S. Treasury and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac includes:
• a program through which the U.S. Treasury purchases Fannie Mae-guaranteed and Freddie Mac-guaranteed Agency RMBS in the open market, including newly-issued Agency RMBS, beginning in September 2008 and ending on December 31, 2009;
• (i) preferred stock purchase agreements, which were designed to allow Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to maintain a positive net worth and avoid mandatory triggering of receivership, pursuant to which the U.S. Treasury can invest up to $100 billion in each of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the form of senior preferred stock with a liquidation preference, and (ii) an upfront $1 billion issuance of senior preferred stock to the U.S. Treasury by each of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in exchange for entering into the agreements;
• issuance to the U.S. Treasury of warrants to purchase common stock representing 79.9% of the common stock of each of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac on a fully-diluted basis at a nominal price;
• access to the Government Sponsored Enterprise Credit Facility ("GSECF"), which is a secured credit facility to be provided by the U.S. Treasury directly to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (as well as Federal Home Loan Banks) in exchange for eligible collateral from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The GSECF is to be used when other funding sources are unavailable and expires on December 31, 2009; and
• beginning March 31, 2010, payment by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to the U.S. Treasury on a quarterly basis of a periodic commitment fee for the explicit support provided by the agreement in an amount to be determined by the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, the conservator and the chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve.
The agreement with the U.S. Treasury also imposes covenants on each of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac that provide, among other things, that (i) each of Fannie Mae's and Freddie Mac's mortgage and Agency RMBS portfolios will not exceed $850 billion as of December 31, 2009 and must decline by 10% per year thereafter until they reach $250 billion, and (ii) without the prior consent of the U.S. Treasury, neither Fannie Mae nor Freddie Mac may (a) purchase or redeem its capital stock or pay any dividends (other than dividends on the senior preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury), (b) issue any capital stock, (c) terminate the conservatorship, (d) sell or transfer its assets outside the ordinary course of business, other than in connection with the reduction of assets as described in clause (i) above, (e) increase its debt to more than 110% of its debt at June 30, 2008, or (f) acquire or consolidate with, or merge into, another entity.
In February 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced that it intends to increase the
(i) amounts available under each preferred stock purchase agreement with the
GSE's from $100 billion to $200 billion, and (ii) maximum size of each GSE's
mortgage and Agency RMBS portfolios from $850 billion to $900 billion.
Although the U.S. Government has committed significant resources to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Agency RMBS guaranteed by either Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Moreover, the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, in announcing the actions, noted that the guarantee structure of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac required examination and that changes in the structures of the entities were necessary to reduce risk to the financial system. Such changes may involve an explicit U.S. government backing of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Agency RMBS or the express elimination of any implied U.S. government guarantee and, therefore, the creation of credit risk with respect to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Agency RMBS. Accordingly, the effect of the actions taken by the U.S. Treasury and FHFA remains uncertain. In addition, while specific steps within the conservatorships were announced, the scope and nature of the actions that the U.S. Treasury, FHFA or Congress will ultimately undertake are unknown and will continue to evolve. New and recently enacted laws, regulations and programs related to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac may adversely affect the pricing, supply, liquidity and value of our target assets and otherwise materially harm our business and operations. See "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business-The federal conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and related efforts, along with changes in laws and regulations affecting the relationship between Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the U.S. Government, may adversely affect our business" disclosed in our registration statement on Form S-11 filed on April 19, 2007, as amended.
Yield Curve
During the first nine months of 2009, LIBOR and the U.S. Federal Funds Target Rate fell while yields on longer dated Treasury and other securities rose resulting in a steepening yield curve. During this period , the 30-day LIBOR fell by approximately 19 basis points to a historic low of 0.25% at September 30, 2009, while the yield on three-year U.S. Treasury notes increased by approximately 46 basis points and the yield on 10-year U.S. Treasury notes increased by approximately 109 basis points. Our Agency RMBS backed by hybrid ARMs pay a fixed interest rate for a set period and then convert to a floating rate payment structure. Our Agency RMBS backed by fixed rate mortgage loans pays a fixed rate for a term of either 15 or 30 years. The market prices of these securities correlate more closely with the longer end of the yield curve. As a result, with the yield curve remaining steep, these securities continue to produce high yields relative to our financing costs. For our Agency RMBS portfolio, an increase in short term interest rates would increase our financing rates and, therefore, reduce our net interest margin.
Prepayment Rates and Loan Modification Programs
Prepayment rates generally increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise; however, changes in prepayment rates are difficult to accurately predict. Prepayment rates also may be affected by other factors, including homeowners' ability and desire to refinance their mortgages (which depends on, among other things, the overall level of home equity available), conditions in the housing and financial markets, conditions in the mortgage origination industry, general economic conditions and the relative interest rates on adjustable-rate and fixed rate mortgage loans. To the extent that we have acquired assets at a premium or discount to par value, changes in prepayment rates may impact our anticipated yield. Because mortgage interest rates have declined, we expect to see an increase in the prepayment rates on our portfolio; however, we believe that the increase in prepayment rates will have only a limited adverse impact on our portfolio in the near term due to depressed levels of home equity resulting in homeowners' inability to obtain financing. If mortgage interest rates increase, however, we may experience a reduction in the prepayment rates on our portfolio. Although we currently believe that an increase in prepayment rates will only have a limited adverse impact on our portfolio due to depressed levels of home equity, recent actions by the U.S. Government may cause an increase in prepayment rates despite the current depressed levels of home equity.
During the second half of 2008, the U.S. Government, through the Federal Housing Administration ("FHA") and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, commenced implementation of programs designed to provide homeowners with assistance in avoiding residential mortgage loan foreclosures. The programs may involve, among other things, the modification of mortgage loans to reduce the principal amount of the loans or the rate of interest payable on the loans, or to extend the payment terms of the loans. One such program is the Hope for Homeowners program, which is effective from October 1, 2008 through September 30, 2011 and will enable certain distressed borrowers to refinance their mortgages into FHA-insured loans. In addition, in February 2009 the U.S. Treasury announced the Homeowner Affordability and Stability Plan ("HASP"), which is a multi-faceted plan intended to prevent residential mortgage foreclosures by, among other things:
• allowing certain homeowners whose homes are encumbered by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac conforming mortgages to refinance those mortgages into lower interest rate mortgages with either Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac;
• creating the Homeowner Stability Initiative, which is intended to utilize various incentives for banks and mortgage servicers to modify residential mortgage loans with the goal of reducing monthly mortgage principal and interest payments for certain qualified homeowners; and
• allowing judicial modifications of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac conforming residential mortgages loans during bankruptcy proceedings.
Programs such as the Hope for Homeowners program and HASP may have the effect of
increasing prepayment rates and reducing the principal or interest payments on
residential mortgage loans held by certain types of borrowers. The effect of
such programs for holders of Agency RMBS could be that such holders would
experience changes in the anticipated yields of their Agency RMBS due to
(i) increased prepayment rates on their Agency RMBS and (ii) lower interest and
principal payments on their Agency RMBS.
Credit Spreads
Over the past several years, the credit markets experienced tightening credit spreads (specifically, spreads between U.S. Treasury securities and other securities that are identical in all respects except for ratings) mainly due to the strong demand for lending opportunities. Generally, when credit spreads tighten the value of Agency RMBS increases, which would result in an increase in our book value. As a result of the actions of the U.S. Treasury and U.S. Federal Reserve in late 2008 and early 2009, credit spreads have tightened, which has . . .
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