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| IGC > SEC Filings for IGC > Form 10-Q on 12-Aug-2009 | All Recent SEC Filings |
12-Aug-2009
Quarterly Report
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed financial statements and related notes that appear elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on July 14, 2009.
Overview
In response to India's rapidly expanding economy, our primary focus is to execute infrastructure projects through our subsidiaries such as constructing interstate highways, rural roads, mining and quarrying, and construction of high temperature cement and steel plants.
Company Overview
We are a construction and materials company engaged in the following core business areas: 1) civil construction of roads and highways, 2) the construction and maintenance of high temperature cement and steel plants, 3) operations and supply of rock aggregate and 4) the export of iron ore to China. Our present and past clients include various Indian government organizations. Including our subsidiaries, we have approximately 800 employees and contractors. Our larger construction subsidiary, Sricon, has the capacity and prior experience to bid on contracts priced at a maximum of about $116 million. We are focused on winning construction contracts, building out rock aggregate quarries and setting up relations and export hubs for the export of iron ore to China.
The Indian government has articulated plans to modernize the Indian Infrastructure. It expects to spend around $22 billion in the next 12 months on roads and highways. We believe that these initiatives will continue to be favorable to our business. Our model is three fold: 1) we bid on construction and engineering contracts which provide us with a backlog which translates into greater revenues and earnings, 2) we are in the process of building rock quarries and selling rock aggregate to the infrastructure industry and 3) we export iron ore to China. There is seasonality in our business as outdoor construction activity slows down during the Indian monsoons. The rains typically last intermittently from June through September.
Industry Overview
The Indian GDP surpassed $1 Trillion in fiscal 2007. According to the World Bank, only nine economies at the close of 2005 generated more than $1 Trillion in GDP. India's growth rates have been ranging from 6.2% to 8.5% since 2003 and peaked at 9.2% in fiscal year ending March 31, 2007. The GDP growth rate for 2008 was 7.9%. The Indian stock markets experienced significant growth with the SENSEX peaking at 21,000 (January 8, 2008). The current global financial crisis created a liquidity crunch starting in October 2008.
India's GDP growth for fiscal year end March 31, 2008 was 8.6% and for fiscal year end March 31, 2009 is estimated around 5.8%. The slowing of the GDP was caused by the global financial crisis. However, it does indicate that India has withstood the global downturn better than many nations. The factors contributing to maintaining the relatively high growth included growth in the agriculture and service industries, favorable demographic dynamics (India has a large youth population that exceeds 550 Million), the savings rate and spending habits of the Indian middle class. Other factors are attributed to changing investment patterns, increasing consumerism, healthy business confidence, inflows of foreign investment (India ranks #2 behind China in the A.T. Kearney "FDI Confidence Index" for 2007) and improvements in the Indian banking system. Meanwhile, several economists are forecasting India's GDP growth rate during the current fiscal year ending March 31, 2010 to be around 6%.
To sustain India's fast growing economy, the share of infrastructure investment in India is expected to increase to 9 per cent of GDP by 2014, which is an increase from 5 per cent in 2006-07. This forecast is based on The Indian Planning Commission's annual publication that for the Eleventh Plan period (2007-12), a large investment of approximately $494 Billion is required for Infrastructure build out and modernization. This industry is one of the largest employers in the country - the construction industry alone employs more than 30 million people. According to the Business Monitor International (BMI), by 2012, the construction industry's contribution to India's GDP is forecasted to be 16.98%.
This ambitious infrastructure development mandate by the Indian Government will require funding. The Government of India has already raised funds from multi-lateral agencies such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. The India Infrastructure Company was set up to support projects by guaranteeing up to $2 Billion annually. In addition, the Indian Government has identified public-private partnerships (PPP) as the cornerstone of its infrastructure development policy. The government is also proactively seeking additional FDI and approval is not required for up to 100% of FDI in most infrastructure areas. According to Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, addressing the Finance Ministers of ASEAN countries, at the Indo ASEAN Summit at New Delhi, in August 2007, India needs $150 billion at the rate of $15 billion per annum for the next 10 years. Speaking to the media in November of 2007, Indian commerce minister Kamal Nath added: "Our FDI policy is perhaps one of the most liberal in the world, India remains a favorite FDI destination despite what is going on in the stock market."
Previously, Minister Nath said the government had fixed an ambitious $30 billion Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) target for the country's 2007-08 financial year (April to March) following total inflows in 2006-07 of $19.5 billion (or $16B excluding reinvested earnings) compared with $7.7 billion in 2005-06. Actual FDI for 2007-08 surged past $25 Billion. With the exception of Japan, the focus and expected growth of infrastructure in India has made it a leading FDI destination within Asia in terms of private equity. Eight of the Lipper's world's top ten infrastructure funds in 2007 were Indian equity funds. However, in comparison, China received $67 billion in FDI, while India received only $16B. More than 50% of India's FDI will be utilized for infrastructure, telecom, and power.
The Government of India is also permitting External Commercial Borrowings
(ECB's) as a source of financing Indian Companies looking to expand existing
capacity as well as incubation for new startups. ECB's include commercial bank
loans, buyers' credit, suppliers' credit, securitized instruments such as
Floating Rate Notes and Fixed Rate Bonds, credit from official export credit
agencies, and commercial borrowings from private sector Multilateral Financial
Institutions such as International Finance Corporation (Washington), ADB, AFIC,
CDC, etc. National credit policies seek to keep an annual cap or ceiling on
access to ECB, consistent with prudent debt management. Also, these
policies seek to encourage greater emphasis on infrastructure projects and core
sectors such as power, oil exploration, telecom, railways, roads & bridges, ,
ports, industrial parks, urban infrastructure, and fosters exporting.
Applicants will be free to raise ECB from any internationally recognized source
such as banks, export credit agencies, suppliers of equipment, foreign
collaborators, foreign equity-holders, and international capital markets.
ECB can be accessed in two methods, namely, the Automatic Route and the Approval Route. The Automatic Route is primarily for investment in Indian infrastructure, and will not require Reserve Bank of India (RBI)/Government approval. The maximum amount of ECB's under the Automatic Route raised by an eligible borrower is limited to $500 million during any financial year. The following are additional requirements under the Automatic route:
a) ECB up to $20 million or equivalent with minimum average maturity of 3 years.
b) ECB above $20 million and up to $500 million or equivalent with minimum
average maturity of 5 years.
Some of the areas where ECB's are utilized is the National Highway Development Project and the National Maritime Development Program. In addition, the following represent some of the major infrastructure projects planned for the next five years:
1. Constructing dedicated freight corridors between Mumbai-Delhi and Ludhiana-Kolkata.
2. Capacity addition of 485 million MT in Major Ports, 345 million MT in Minor Ports.
3. Modernization and redevelopment of 21 railway stations.
4. Developing 16 million hectares through major, medium and minor irrigation works.
5. Modernization and redevelopment of 4 metro and 35 non-metro airports.
6. Expansion to six-lanes 6,500 km (4,038 Miles) of Golden Quadrilateral and selected National Highways.
7. Constructing 228,000 miles of new rural roads, while renewing and upgrading the existing 230,000 miles covering 78,304 rural habitations.
Our operations are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including among others, dependency on India's economy and government policies, competitively priced raw materials, dependence upon key members of the management team and increased competition from existing and new entrants.
Sricon Infrastructure Private Limited
Sricon Infrastructure Private Limited ("Sricon") was incorporated as a private limited company on March 3, 1997 in Nagpur, India. Sricon is an engineering and construction company that is engaged in three business areas: 1) civil construction of highways and other heavy construction, 2) mining and quarrying and 3) the construction and maintenance of high temperature cement and steel plants. Sricon's present and past clients include various Indian government organizations. It has the prior experience to bid on contracts that are priced at a maximum of about $116 million. As indicated in previous press releases and quarterly reports, in October 2008 lack of available credit drove Sricon to curtail much of its construction activity, as it was unable to provide Bank Guarantees for construction contracts, and to focus on long term recurring contracts such as maintenance of high temperature cement factories. This led to a sharp decline in overall revenue. Sricon took several steps to curtail its expenses including lay offs. Sricon also turned its attention to pursuing claims against the contracting agencies for delays it had suffered on some of its contracts. Due to arbitration requirements in our contract agreements, we expect our claims to be resolved in arbitration. Sricon claims losses from having to maintain equipment and personnel during the delay period, as well as opportunity costs. There can be no assurance that Sricon will be successful in its claims. While the cost associated with delays is accounted in the relevant period, any revenue from claims is not accounted until and unless they are paid.
Techni Bharathi Limited
Techni Bharathi Limited ("TBL") was incorporated as a public (but not listed on the stock market) limited company on June 19, 1982 in Cochin, India. TBL is an engineering and construction company engaged in the execution of civil construction and structural engineering projects. TBL has a focus in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Assam and Tamil Nadu. Its present and past clients include various Indian government organizations. The overall lack of liquidity led TBL to curtail its construction contracts and cut its costs through layoffs. TBL is re-focused on smaller construction contracts and the settlement of claims.
IGC-M
IGC-M, through its subsidiaries in India, is also involved in the building of rock quarries and the export of iron ore. IGC-M operates a shipping hub in the Krishnapatnam port on the west coast of India. We aggregate ore from smaller mines before shipping to China. We are also engaged in the production of rock aggregate. Rock aggregate is used in the construction of roads, railways, dams, and other infrastructure development. We are in the process of developing several quarries through partnerships with landowners.
Core Business Areas
Our core business areas include the following:
Highway and heavy construction:
The Indian government has articulated a plan to build and modernize Indian infrastructure. The government's plan, calls for spending over $475 billion over the next five years for the expansion and construction of rural roads, major highways, airports, seaports, freight corridors, railroads and townships.
Mining and Quarrying
As Indian infrastructure modernizes, the demand for raw materials like stone aggregate, coal, ore and similar resources is projected to increase. In 2006, according to the Freedonia Group, India was the fourth largest stone aggregate market in the world with demand of up to 1.1 billion metric tons. We are in the process of teaming with landowners to build out rock quarries; in addition we have licenses for the installation and production of rock aggregate quarries. Our mining and trading activity centers on the export of Iron ore to China. India is the fourth largest producer of ore.
Construction and maintenance of high temperature plants
We have an expertise in the civil engineering, construction and maintenance of high temperature plants. This requires specialized skills to build and maintain high temperature chimneys and kilns.
Customers
Over the past 10 years, Sricon has qualified in all states in India and has worked in several, including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. The National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) awards interstate highway contracts on a national level, while intra-state contracts are awarded by state agencies. The National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) awards contacts for civil work associated with power plants. The National Coal Limited (NCL) awards large mining contracts. Our customers include, or have included, NHAI, NTPC, and various state public works departments. Sricon is registered across India and is qualified to bid on contracts anywhere in India. For the export of iron ore from India, we are developing customers in China.
Contract bidding process
In order to create transparency, the Indian government has centralized the contract awarding process for building inter-state roads. The new process is as follows: At the "federal" level, as an example, NHAI publishes a Statement of Work for an interstate highway construction project. The Statement of Work has a detailed description of the work to be performed as well as the completion time frame. The bidder prepares two proposals in response to the Statement of Work. The first proposal demonstrates technical capabilities, prior work experience, specialized machinery, and manpower required, and other criteria required to complete the project. The second proposal includes a financial bid. NHAI evaluates the technical bids and short lists technically qualified companies. Next, the short list of technically qualified companies are invited to place a detailed financial bid and show adequate financial strength in terms of revenue, net worth, credit lines, and balance sheets. Typically, the lowest bid wins the contract. Also, contract bidders must demonstrate an adequate level of capital reserves such as the following: 1) An earnest money deposit between 2% to 10% of project costs, 2) performance guarantee of between 5% and 10%, 3) adequate working capital and 4) additional capital for plant and machinery. Bidding qualifications for larger NHAI projects are set by NHAI which are imposed on each contractor. As the contractor executes larger highway projects, the ceiling is increased by NHAI.
Our Growth Strategy and Business Model
Our business model for the construction business is simple. We bid on construction, over burden removal at mining sites and or maintenance contracts. Successful bids increase our backlog of orders, which favorably impacts our revenues and margins. The contracting process typically takes approximately six months. Over the years, we have been successful in winning one out of every seven bids on average. We currently have one bid team. In the next year we will focus on the following: 1) build out between two and five rock quarries, begin production and obtain long term contracts for the sale of rock aggregate, 2) leverage our shipping hub, develop a second shipping hub, obtain long term contracts for the delivery and sale of iron ore, 3) execute and expand recurring contracts for infrastructure build out, 4) aggressively pursue the collection of accounts receivables and delay claims.
Competition
We operate in an industry that is fairly competitive. However, there is a large gap in the supply of well qualified and financed contractors and the demand for contractors. Large domestic and international firms compete for jumbo contracts over $250 million in size, while locally based contractors vie for contracts less than $5 million. The recent capital markets crisis has made it more difficult for smaller companies to maturate into mid-sized companies, as their access to capital has been restrained. Therefore, we would like to be positioned in the $5 million to $50 million contract range, above locally based contractors and below the large firms, creating a distinct technical and financial advantage in this market niche. Rock aggregate is supplied to the industry through small crushing units, which supply low quality material. Frequently, high quality aggregate is unavailable, or is transported over large distances. We fill this gap by providing high quality material in large quantities. We compete on price, quantity and quality. Iron ore is produced in India and exported to China. While this is a fairly established business, we compete by aggregating ore from smaller suppliers who do not have access to customers in China. Further, at our second shipping hub we expect to install a crusher that can grind ore pebbles into dust, again providing a value added service to the smaller mine owners.
Seasonality
The construction industry (road building) typically experiences recurring and natural seasonal patterns throughout India. The North East Monsoons, historically, arrive on June 1, followed by the South West Monsoons, which usually lasts intermittently until September. Historically, the monsoon months are slower than the other months because of the rains. Activity such as engineering, maintenance of high temperature plants, and export of iron ore are less susceptible to the rains. The reduced paced in construction activity has historically been used to bid and win contracts. The contract bidding activity is typically very high during the monsoon season in preparation for work activity when the rains abate. During the monsoon season the rock quarries operate to build up and distribute reserves to the various construction sites.
Employees and Consultants
As of March 31, 2009, we employed a work force of approximately 400 employees and contract workers worldwide. Employees are typically skilled workers including executives, welders, drivers, and other specialized experts. Contract workers require less specialized skills. We make diligent efforts to comply with all employment and labor regulations, including immigration laws in the many jurisdictions in which we operate. In order to attract and retain skilled employees, we have implemented a performance based incentive program, offered career development programs, improved working conditions, and provided United States work assignments, technology training, and other fringe benefits. We are hoping that our efforts will make our companies more attractive. While we have not done so yet, we are exploring adopting best practices for creating and providing vastly improved labor camps for our labor force. We are hoping that our efforts will make our companies "employers of choice" and best of breed. As of March 31, 2009 our Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer is Ram Mukunda and our Chairman is Ranga Krishna. Our Managing Director for Construction is Ravindra Lal Srivastava, our Managing Director for Materials, Mining and Trading is P. M. Shivaraman. Our Treasurer and Principal Accounting officer is John Selvaraj. Our General Manager of Accounting based in India is Santhosh Kumar. We also utilize the services of several consultants who provide USGAAP systems expertise and SOX expertise, among others.
Environmental Regulations
India has very strict environmental, occupational, health and safety regulations. In most instances, the contracting agency regulates and enforces all regulatory requirements. We internally monitor and manage regulatory issues on a continuous basis, and we believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with the regulatory requirements of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Furthermore, we do not believe that compliance will have a material adverse effect on our business activities.
Information and timely reporting
Our operations are located in India where the accepted accounting standards is Indian GAAP, which in many cases, is not congruent to USGAAP. Indian accounting standards are evolving towards adopting IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards). We annually conduct PCAOB (USGAAP) audits for the company. We acknowledge that this process is at times cumbersome and places significant restraints on our existing staff. We believe we are still 9 to 15 months away from having processes and adequately trained personal in place to meet the reporting timetables set out by the U.S. reporting requirements. Until then we expect to file for extensions to meet the reporting timetables. We will make available on our website, www.indiaglobalcap.com, our annual reports, quarterly reports, proxy statements as well as up to- date investor presentations. Our SEC filings are also available at www.sec.gov.
Foreign Currency Translation
The financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars. The Indian rupee is the functional currency for the Sricon and TBL. The translation of the functional currencies into U.S. dollars is performed for assets and liabilities using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and for revenues, costs and expenses using average exchange rates prevailing during the reporting periods. Adjustments resulting from the translation of functional currency financial statements to reporting currency are accumulated and reported as other comprehensive income/(loss), a separate component of shareholders' equity.
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are expressed in the functional currency at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues, costs and expenses are recorded using exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the statement of income.
The exchange rate between the Indian Rupee and the U.S. dollars are as follows:
Average rate used for Rate used for translating
translating Balance Sheet. INR to one
operations. INR to one U.S.D.
Quarter ending U.S.D.
June 30, 2008 41.55 40.58
March 31, 2009 49.75 50.87
June 30, 2009 48.72 47.74
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make significant estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These items are regularly monitored and analyzed by management for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. These estimates include, among others, our revenue recognition policies related to the proportional performance and percentage of completion methodologies of revenue recognition of contracts and assessing our goodwill for impairment annually. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results will differ and may differ materially from the estimates if past experience or other assumptions do not turn out to be substantially accurate.
Our significant accounting policies are presented within Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements and the following summaries should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this Report. While all accounting policies impact the financial statements, certain policies may be viewed as critical. Critical accounting policies are those that are both most important to the portrayal of financial condition and results of operations and that require management's most subjective or complex judgments and estimates. Our management believes the policies that fall within this category are the policies on revenue recognition, accounting for stock-based compensation, goodwill and income taxes.
Revenue Recognition
The majority of the revenue recognized for three month period ended June 30, 2009 was derived from the Company's subsidiaries and as accordingly:
Revenue is recognized based on the nature of activity when consideration can be reasonably measured and there exists reasonable certainty of its recovery.
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when substantial risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer under the terms of the contract.
Revenue from construction/project related activity and contracts for supply/commissioning of complex plant and equipment is recognized as follows:
a) Cost plus contracts: Contract revenue is determined by adding the aggregate cost plus proportionate margin as agreed with the customer and expected to be realized.
b) Fixed price contracts: Contract revenue is recognized using the percentage completion method. Percentage of completion is determined as a proportion of cost incurred-to-date to the total estimated contract cost. Changes in estimates for revenues, costs to complete and profit margins are recognized in the period in which they are reasonably determinable
Full provision is made for any loss in the period in which it is foreseen.
Revenue from property development activity is recognized when all significant risks and rewards of ownership in the land and/or building are transferred to the customer and a reasonable expectation of collection of the sale consideration from the customer exists.
Revenue from service related activities and miscellaneous other contracts are . . .
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