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| CVX > SEC Filings for CVX > Form 10-Q on 6-Aug-2009 | All Recent SEC Filings |
6-Aug-2009
Quarterly Report
Second Quarter 2009 Compared With Second Quarter 2008
And Six Months 2009 Compared with Six Months 2008
Key Financial Results
Earnings by Business Segment
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30 June 30
2009 2008 2009 2008
(Millions of dollars)
Upstream - Exploration and Production
United States $ 273 $ 2,191 $ 294 $ 3,790
International 1,246 5,057 2,494 8,586
Total Upstream 1,519 7,248 2,788 12,376
Downstream - Refining, Marketing and Transportation
United States (95 ) (682 ) 38 (678 )
International 256 (52 ) 946 196
Total Downstream 161 (734 ) 984 (482 )
Chemicals 108 41 147 84
Total Segment Earnings 1,788 6,555 3,919 11,978
All Other (43 ) (580 ) (337 ) (835 )
Net Income Attributable to Chevron Corporation(1)(2) $ 1,745 $ 5,975 $ 3,582 $ 11,143
(1) Includes foreign currency effects $ (453 ) $ 126 $ (507 ) $ 81
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Net income attributable to Chevron Corporation for the second quarter 2009 was $1.75 billion ($0.87 per share - diluted), compared with $5.98 billion ($2.90 per share - diluted) in the corresponding 2008 period. Net income attributable to Chevron Corporation for the first six months of 2009 was $3.58 billion ($1.79 per share - diluted), versus $11.14 billion ($5.38 per share - diluted) in the 2008 first half.
Upstream earnings in the second quarter 2009 were $1.52 billion, compared with $7.25 billion in the 2008 quarter. Earnings for the first half of 2009 were $2.79 billion, versus $12.38 billion a year earlier. The decrease between both comparative periods was due mainly to lower prices for crude oil and natural gas.
Downstream earnings were $161 million in the second quarter 2009, compared with a loss of $734 million in the year-earlier period. Earnings for the first six months of 2009 were $984 million, versus a loss of $482 million in the corresponding 2008 period. Earnings for the second quarter and first half of 2009 included $140 million and $540 million, respectively, of gains on sales of marketing businesses outside the United States.
Chemicals earned $108 million and $147 million for the second quarter and the first half of 2009, respectively. Comparative amounts in 2008 were $41 million and $84 million.
Refer to pages 27 through 30 for additional discussion of results by business segment and "All Other" activities for the second quarter and first six months of 2009 versus the same periods in 2008.
Business Environment and Outlook
Chevron is a global energy company with significant business activities in the following countries: Angola, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Chad, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, the Partitioned Neutral Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, the Philippines, Republic of the Congo, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom, the United States, Venezuela, and Vietnam.
Earnings of the company depend largely on the profitability of its upstream (exploration and production) and downstream (refining, marketing and transportation) business segments. The single biggest factor that affects the results of operations for both segments is movement in the price of crude oil. In the downstream business, crude oil is the largest cost component of refined products. The overall trend in earnings is typically less affected by results from the company's chemicals business and other activities and investments. Earnings for the company in any period may also be influenced by events or transactions that are infrequent and/or unusual in nature.
In recent years and through most of 2008, Chevron and the oil and gas industry at large experienced an increase in certain costs that exceeded the general trend of inflation in many areas of the world. This increase in costs affected the company's operating expenses and capital programs for all business segments, but particularly for upstream. These cost pressures began to soften somewhat in late 2008 and through the first half of 2009. As the price of crude oil dropped precipitously from a record high in mid-2008, the demand for some goods and services in the industry began to slacken. This downward cost trend is expected to continue during 2009 if crude-oil prices do not significantly rebound. The company is actively managing its schedule of work and contracting and procurement activities to capture the value associated with this decline in costs. (Refer to the "Upstream" section on page 25 for a discussion of the trend in crude-oil prices.)
The company's operations, especially upstream, can also be affected by changing economic, regulatory and political environments in the various countries in which it operates, including the United States. Civil unrest, acts of violence or strained relations between a government and the company or other governments may impact the company's operations or investments. Those developments have at times significantly affected the company's operations and results and are carefully considered by management when evaluating the level of current and future activity in such countries.
To sustain its long-term competitive position in the upstream business, the company must develop and replenish an inventory of projects that offer adequate financial returns for the investment required. Identifying promising areas for exploration, acquiring the necessary rights to explore for and to produce crude oil and natural gas, drilling successfully, and handling the many technical and operational details in a safe and cost-effective manner are all important factors in this effort. Projects often require long lead times and large capital commitments. From time to time, certain governments have sought to renegotiate contracts or impose additional costs on the company. Governments may attempt to do so in the future. The company will continue to monitor these developments, take them into account in evaluating future investment opportunities, and otherwise seek to mitigate any risks to the company's current operations or future prospects.
The company also continually evaluates opportunities to dispose of assets that are not expected to provide sufficient long-term value or to acquire assets or operations complementary to its asset base to help augment the company's growth. Refer to the "Results of Operations" section beginning on page 27 for discussions of net gains on asset sales during the first half of 2009. Asset dispositions and restructurings may also occur in future periods and could result in significant gains or losses.
The company continues to closely monitor developments in the financial and credit markets, the level of worldwide economic activity and the implications to the company from weakness in prices for crude oil and natural gas. Management is taking these developments into account in the conduct of daily operations and for business planning. The company remains confident of its underlying financial strength to deal with potential problems presented in this environment. (Refer also to discussion of the company's liquidity and capital resources on page 34.)
Comments related to earnings trends for the company's major business areas are as follows:
Upstream Earnings for the upstream segment are closely aligned with industry price levels for crude oil and natural gas. Crude-oil and natural-gas prices are subject to external factors over which the company has no control, including product demand connected with global economic conditions, industry inventory levels, production quotas imposed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), weather-related damage and disruptions, competing fuel prices, and regional supply interruptions or fears thereof that may be caused by military conflicts, civil unrest or political uncertainty. Moreover, any of these factors could also inhibit the company's production capacity in an affected region. The company monitors developments closely in the countries in which it operates and holds investments, and attempts to manage risks in operating its facilities and business. Besides the impact of the fluctuation in prices for crude oil and natural gas, the longer-term trend in earnings for the upstream segment is also a function of other factors, including the company's ability to find or acquire and efficiently produce crude oil and natural gas, changes in fiscal terms of contracts and changes in tax rates on income.
Price levels for capital and exploratory costs and operating expenses associated with the efficient production of crude oil and natural gas can also be subject to external factors beyond the company's control. External factors include not only the general level of inflation but also prices charged by the industry's material- and service-providers, which can be affected by the volatility of the industry's own supply-and-demand conditions for such materials and services. Capital and exploratory expenditures and operating expenses also can be affected by damage to production facilities caused by severe weather or civil unrest. The chart below shows the trend in benchmark prices for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil and U.S. Henry Hub natural gas. During 2008, industry price levels for WTI averaged $100 per barrel. The WTI price peaked at $147 in July 2008 and fell sharply to $45 at the end of the year. The WTI price in the first half of 2009 averaged $52 and ended July at about $69. The decline in prices from mid-2008 is largely associated with a weakening in global economic conditions and a reduction in the demand for crude oil. In a July 2009 report, the International Energy Agency (IEA) predicted global demand for crude oil in 2009 would decline 2.9 percent from the 2008 level of consumption. Such a contraction in demand would be the most severe since the early 1980s. In the same report, IEA projected 2010 demand will increase 1.7 percent from expected consumption for the full-year 2009.
[[Image Removed: (LINE GRAPH)]] A differential in crude-oil
prices exists between
high-quality (high-gravity,
low sulfur) crudes and those
of lower quality (low-gravity,
high sulfur). The amount of
the differential in any period
is associated with the supply
of heavy crude available
versus the demand that is a
function of the limited number
of refineries that are able to
process this lower-quality
feedstock into light products
(motor gasoline, jet fuel,
aviation gasoline and diesel
fuel). The differential has
narrowed
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In contrast to price movements in the global market for crude oil, price changes for natural gas in many regional markets are more closely aligned with supply and demand conditions in those markets. Prices at Henry Hub averaged $4 per thousand cubic feet (MCF) in the first half of 2009, compared with about $10 for the first half of 2008 and almost $9 for the full-year 2008. At the end of July 2009, the Henry Hub spot price was about $3.30 per MCF. Fluctuations in the price for natural gas in the United States are closely associated with the volumes produced in North America and the level of inventory in underground storage relative to customer demand. The lower U.S. price levels in 2009 are also associated with a softening in demand as a result of the economic slowdown. In a July 2009 report, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) forecasted 2009 natural-gas demand in the United States would be about two percent lower than in 2008.
Certain other regions of the world in which the company operates have different supply, demand and regulatory circumstances, which until recently have resulted in significantly lower average sales prices than in the United States for the company's production of natural gas. As a result of the U.S. natural gas supply-and-demand conditions in the first half of 2009, the company's U.S. and international realizations were about the same. (Refer to page 33 for the company's average natural gas realizations for the U.S. and international regions.)
In the first half of 2009, the company's worldwide net oil-equivalent production averaged 2.67 million barrels per day. During the period, the company's net oil production was curtailed by an average of about 40,000 barrels per day due to quotas imposed by OPEC. About one-fifth of the company's net oil-equivalent production in the first six months occurred in the OPEC-member countries of Angola, Nigeria and Venezuela and in the Partitioned Neutral Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
The company estimates that oil-equivalent production for the full-year 2009 will average 2.66 million barrels per day. This estimate is subject to many factors and uncertainties, including additional quotas that may be imposed by OPEC, price effects on production volumes calculated under cost-recovery and variable-royalty provisions of certain contracts, changes in fiscal terms or restrictions on the scope of company operations, delays in project startups, fluctuations in demand for natural gas in various markets, weather conditions that may shut in production, civil unrest, changing geopolitics, or other disruptions to operations. The outlook for future production levels also is affected by the size and number of economic investment opportunities and, for new large-scale projects, the time lag between initial exploration and the beginning of production. A significant majority of Chevron's upstream investment is currently being made outside the United States. Investments in upstream projects generally begin well in advance of the start of the associated crude-oil and natural-gas production.
Refer to the Results of Operations on pages 27 through 29 for additional discussion of the company's upstream business.
Downstream Earnings for the downstream segment are closely tied to margins on the refining and marketing of products that include gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, fuel oil and feedstocks for chemical manufacturing. Industry margins are sometimes volatile and can be affected by the global and regional supply-and-demand balance for refined products and by changes in the price of crude oil used for refinery feedstock. Industry margins can also be influenced by refined-product inventory levels, geopolitical events, refinery maintenance programs and disruptions at refineries resulting from unplanned outages that may be due to severe weather, fires or other operational events.
Other factors affecting profitability for downstream operations include the reliability and efficiency of the company's refining and marketing network, the effectiveness of the crude-oil and product-supply functions and the economic returns on invested capital. Profitability can also be affected by the volatility of tanker-charter rates for the company's shipping operations, which are driven by the industry's demand for crude-oil and product tankers. Other factors beyond the company's control include the general level of inflation and energy costs to operate the company's refinery and distribution network.
The company's most significant marketing areas are the West Coast of North America, the U.S. Gulf Coast, Latin America, Asia, southern Africa and the United Kingdom. Chevron operates or has ownership interests in refineries in each of these areas, except Latin America. As part of its downstream strategy to focus on areas of market strength, the company completed sales of marketing businesses during the first half of 2009 in Brazil and certain countries of Africa.
The company's refining and marketing margins in the first half of 2009 were generally weak, as demand for refined products in most areas was dampened by the economic slowdown, and refined-product supplies in most areas were plentiful.
Refer to the Results of Operations on pages 29 through 30 for additional discussion of the company's downstream operations.
Chemicals Earnings in the petrochemicals business are closely tied to global chemical demand, industry inventory levels and plant capacity utilization. Feedstock and fuel costs, which tend to follow crude-oil and natural-gas price movements, also influence earnings in this segment.
Refer to the Results of Operations on page 30 for additional discussion of chemical earnings.
Operating Developments
Recent milestones for other upstream projects were achieved in:
• United States - Start-up in the Gulf of Mexico of deepwater production at the 58 percent-owned and operated Tahiti Field, reaching maximum total oil-equivalent production of 135,000 barrels per day during July.
• Brazil - Start-up of deepwater production at the 52 percent-owned and operated Frade Field, which is projected to attain maximum production of 90,000 barrels per day of crude oil and natural gas liquids in 2011.
• Angola - Start-up of the 39 percent-owned and operated Mafumeira Norte offshore project, which is expected to reach maximum total daily production of 30,000 barrels of crude oil and 30 million cubic feet of natural gas in 2011.
• Republic of the Congo - Discovery of crude oil offshore at 31 percent-owned Moho Nord Marine-4 in the area of the Moho-Bilondo project, which commenced production in 2008.
• Australia - Award of the front-end engineering and design (FEED) contract for an LNG plant with two trains, each with a processing capacity of 4.3 million metric tons per year, and a co-located domestic gas plant that would support development of the company's 100 percent-owned Wheatstone Field and other natural gas resources off the northwest coast.
• Australia - Recommendation by the Western Australian Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) that the proposed revision and expansion of the 50 percent-owned and operated Gorgon Project to add a third 5 million metric-ton-per-year LNG train could meet the EPA's environmental objectives, representing a necessary step in Chevron's process to make a final investment decision later this year.
Results of Operations
Business Segments The following section presents the results of operations for the company's business segments - upstream, downstream and chemicals - as well as for "all other" - the departments and companies managed at the corporate level. (Refer to Note 4 beginning on page 9 for a discussion of the company's "reportable segments," as defined in FAS 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.)
Upstream
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30 June 30
2009 2008 2009 2008
(Millions of dollars)
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U.S. upstream earnings of $273 million in the second quarter of 2009 decreased about $1.9 billion from the same period last year. Lower prices for crude oil and natural gas reduced earnings by about $2.0 billion between periods. The 2009 quarter included charges of approximately $100 million for the impairment of assets. Operating expenses were about $100 million lower between quarters.
Earnings for the first six months of 2009 were $294 million, compared with $3.8 billion a year earlier. The $3.5 billion decline between periods equaled the approximate effect of lower prices for crude oil and natural gas. Other factors of lesser significance were essentially offsetting.
The average realization per barrel for crude oil and natural gas liquids in the second quarter of 2009 was approximately $50, compared with $109 a year earlier. Average prices were $43 and $98 for the six months of 2009 and 2008, respectively. The average natural-gas realization was $3.27 per thousand cubic feet in the 2009 quarter, compared with $9.84 in the year-ago period. First-half realizations were $3.70 in 2009 and $8.67 in 2008.
Net oil-equivalent production was 700,000 barrels per day in the second quarter 2009, down 2,000 barrels per day from the corresponding period in 2008. First-half 2009 production was 686,000 barrels per day, down 22,000 barrels
per day from the first six months of 2008. A production benefit between the comparative periods associated with the late-2008 start-up of the Blind Faith Field and the second quarter 2009 start-up of the Tahiti Field, both located in the Gulf of Mexico, was more than offset by the impacts of normal field declines, production offline due to damages from last year's hurricanes and minor asset sales. The net liquids component of oil-equivalent production was 467,000 barrels per day and 454,000 barrels per day for the second quarter and first half of 2009, respectively. Volumes were about 7 percent and 4 percent higher than the corresponding 2008 periods. Net natural gas production was 1.4 billion cubic feet per day for both the second quarter and six months of 2009, down about 12 percent and 15 percent from the comparative 2008 periods, respectively.
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30 June 30
2009 2008 2009 2008
(Millions of dollars)
International Upstream Earnings* $ 1,246 $ 5,057 $ 2,494 $ 8,586
* Includes foreign currency effects $ (476 ) $ 80 $ (443 ) $ (87 )
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International upstream earnings of $1.2 billion in the second quarter of 2009 decreased about $3.8 billion from the year ago period. Lower prices for crude oil and natural gas reduced earnings by about $2.8 billion between periods. The swing in foreign-currency effects decreased earnings by about $560 million. Depreciation expense was about $250 million higher between periods, and charges for exploratory well write-offs increased about $100 million.
Earnings for the first six months of 2009 were $2.5 billion, down about $6 billion from the 2008 period. Lower prices for crude oil and natural gas in 2009 decreased earnings by about $5.5 billion. Depreciation expenses were about $500 million higher due in part to increased production between periods. The change in foreign-currency effects decreased earnings by about $360 million. Exploration expenses increased about $150 million between periods. Partially offsetting all of these effects was the impact of higher sales volumes, which increased earnings approximately $700 million between quarters.
The average realization per barrel of crude oil and natural gas liquids in the second quarter 2009 was about $53, compared with $110 in the corresponding 2008 period. For the first half of 2009, the average realization was about $46 per barrel, down from $99 in the 2008 first half. The average natural-gas realization in the 2009 second quarter was $3.73 per thousand cubic feet, down from $5.44 in the second quarter last year. Between the six-month periods, the average natural gas realization decreased to $3.97 from $5.13.
Net oil-equivalent production, including volumes from oil sands in Canada, was 1.97 million barrels per day in the second quarter 2009, up 135,000 barrels per day from the year-ago period. Included in the increase was about 185,000 barrels per day of production associated with two projects - Agbami in Nigeria, which commenced operations in the third quarter of last year, and the expansion at Tengiz in Kazakhstan. Also included in the increase was 85,000 barrels per day associated with the impact of lower prices on cost-recovery volumes and other contractual provisions affecting Chevron's share of production. Factors other than normal field declines that partially offset these increases included OPEC-related curtailments of 35,000 barrels per day, approximately 30,000 barrels per day offline due to civil unrest in the onshore area of Nigeria and about 25,000 barrels per day of lower oil-equivalent natural gas production in Thailand.
Net oil-equivalent production for the first half of 2009 was 1.98 million barrels per day, up 121,000 barrels per day from the 2008 first half. Production was higher in Nigeria, Kazakhstan, and Indonesia and lower in Thailand, Venezuela and Angola. Included in the increase was about 120,000 barrels per day from Agbami and approximately 50,000 barrels per day from Tengiz. Also included in the increase was about 70,000 barrels per day associated with the impact of lower prices on cost-recovery volumes and other contractual provisions affecting Chevron's share of production. Factors other than normal field declines that partially offset these increases included OPEC-related curtailments of 40,000 barrels per day, 20,000 barrels per day due to the civil unrest in Nigeria and 20,000 barrels per day of lower oil equivalent natural gas production in Thailand.
The net liquids component of oil-equivalent production was 1.37 million barrels . . .
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