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| AEA > SEC Filings for AEA > Form 10-Q on 11-May-2009 | All Recent SEC Filings |
11-May-2009
Quarterly Report
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes in "Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements." This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties such as our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements. Please see "Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors" of this Quarterly Report and "Forward-Looking Statements" at the end of this section for further discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.
Overview
Headquartered in Spartanburg, South Carolina, we are the largest provider of cash advance services in the United States as measured by the number of centers operated. Our centers provide short-term, unsecured cash advances that are typically due on the customers' next payday. As of March 31, 2009, we operated 2,709 centers in 33 states in the United States, 21 centers in the United Kingdom and 10 centers in Canada, and had 82 limited licensees in the United Kingdom.
Cash Advance Services
In most states where we operate, we originate cash advance services under the authority of different state-governed enabling statutes that allow for cash advances ranging from single and multiple installment closed-end terms to revolving lines of credit with open-ended terms. We refer to these products and services collectively as cash advance services. The particular cash advance services offered in any given location may change from time to time depending upon changes in state and federal law. Additionally, where permitted by applicable law, we may assume the responsibility of serving as an agent to a regulated lender. In Texas, where we operate as a credit services organization ("CSO"), we offer a fee-based credit services package to assist customers in trying to improve their credit and in obtaining an extension of consumer credit through a third-party lender. Under the terms of our agreement with this lender, we process customer applications and are contractually obligated for all losses.
We provide cash advance services as specified by the laws of the jurisdictions where we operate. Loans made by the third-party lender in Texas are governed by Texas law. Online cash advances made by a third-party lender are governed by the laws of the state where the customer resides. The permitted size of an advance varies by jurisdiction and ranges from $50 to $5,000. However, our typical cash advance will range from $50 to $1,000. The finance charges on cash advance services currently offered by us also vary by jurisdiction and range up to 22% of the amount of a cash advance.
Additional fees that we may collect include origination fees, annual participation fees, fees for returned checks, late fees and other fees as permitted by applicable law. Presently, none of the cash advance services we offer include annual participation fees. Origination fees on services currently offered by us range from $15 to $30, but future cash advance services may have higher or lower origination fees depending on applicable state law. Fees for returned checks or electronic debits that are declined for non-sufficient funds ("NSF") vary by state and in amounts up to $30. In Texas, the third-party lender charges an NSF fee and a late fee on its loans in accordance with Texas law.
A customer may obtain a cash advance in one of three ways: (1) by visiting one of our centers in-person and completing an application; (2) by visiting our website, beginning the application process online, then visiting one of our centers in-person to complete the application and receive funding; or (3) by visiting our website, completing an application online and receiving a cash advance from a third-party lender that is directly deposited in the customer's bank account. Each new customer must provide us with certain personal information such as his or her name, address, phone number, employment information or source of income and references. This information is entered into our information system and that of the applicable lender. The customer's identification, proof of income and/or employment and proof of bank account are verified. In order for a new customer to be approved for a cash advance, we must be able to
verify his or her identification and he or she is required to have a bank account and a regular source of income, such as a job.
Except for cash advances completed by third-party lenders, we determine whether to approve a cash advance to our customers in every jurisdiction. The third-party lenders decide whether to approve the loan or cash advance and establish all of the underwriting criteria and terms, conditions and features of the customer agreement. We require proof of identification, bank account and income source, as described above, and we primarily consider the customer's income in determining the amount of the cash advance. We do not perform credit checks through consumer reporting agencies.
After the documents presented by the customer have been reviewed for completeness and accuracy, copied for record-keeping purposes and the advance has been approved, the customer enters into an agreement governing the terms of the advance. The customer then provides a personal check or an Automated Clearing House ("ACH") authorization, which enables electronic payment from the customer's account, to cover the amount of the cash advance plus charges for applicable fees and/or interest and/or the balance due under the agreement, and makes an appointment to return on a specified due date, typically his or her next payday, to repay the advance plus the applicable charges. However, in some states, customers are not required to provide us with a personal check or ACH authorization, and payment cycles may vary depending upon state law and product type. At the specified due date, the customer is required to make the applicable payment, usually payment in full of the cash advance plus fees and interest if applicable. Payment is usually made in person, in cash at the center where the cash advance was initiated or issued unless the cash advance was completed on the internet, in which case the customer makes payment by ACH authorization.
Upon payment in full, the customer's check is returned and/or his or her ACH authorization is deemed to be revoked. If the customer does not repay the outstanding advance or loan in full on or before the due date, we will seek to collect from the customer the amount of the advance or loan and any applicable fees, including late and NSF fees due, and may deposit the customer's personal check or initiate the electronic payment from the customer's bank account.
Other Products
We may offer alternative products and services to our customers where permissible under applicable law. For instance, in Ohio, we currently offer check cashing services at state authorized rates. We may also offer the products or services of a third party that we market, process and/or service at our centers pursuant to an agreement with the third party. For example, we currently offer pre-paid debit cards; and money orders, money transmission and bill payment services. During the tax return preparation season, we also offer tax preparation services by a third party.
Our Advance America branded pre-paid Visa debit card is issued by a federally chartered bank and regulated by the Office of Thrift Supervision. The card allows a cardholder to load cash onto the card and use the card wherever VISA debit cards are accepted. We are compensated under an agreement with the bank based on a number of factors related to the bank's revenue from purchases and subsequent cardholder activity, such as charges for loads, ATM withdrawals, account maintenance/plan charges and purchases. In the third and fourth quarters of 2007, we began selling money orders, providing money transfer services and bill payment services as an agent of a licensed third-party money transmitter. We are compensated by the money transmitter based upon the number and value of money transfers, money orders and bill payments made by our centers. Finally, in 2008, we began facilitating the offering of tax preparation services by a third-party tax preparation provider. We receive a percentage of the tax preparation provider's fees from customers related solely to tax preparation services.
Our industry has been significantly affected by increasing regulatory challenges. Legislation that negatively impacts cash advances and similar services, whether through preclusions, interest rate ceilings, fee reductions, mandatory extensions of term length, limits on the amount or term of our products and services or limits on consumers' use of our products and services could materially and adversely affect our
business. We are very active in monitoring and evaluating regulatory initiatives in all of the states and are closely involved with the efforts of the Community Financial Services Association of America ("CFSA").
Although there are numerous differences under the various enabling regulations, the application and approval process, underwriting criteria, delivery method, repayment and collection practices, customer and market characteristics and underlying economics of our principal products and services generally are substantially similar in most jurisdictions.
In order for a new customer to be approved for an advance, he or she is required to have a bank account and a regular source of income, such as a job.
To obtain a cash advance, a customer typically:
† completes an application and presents the required documentation:
usually proof of identification, a pay stub or other evidence of income, and a
bank statement;
† enters into an agreement governing the terms of the cash advance, including the customer's agreement to repay the amount advanced in full on or before a specified due date (usually the customer's next payday), and our agreement to defer the presentment or deposit of the customer's check or automated clearing house ("ACH") authorization until the due date;
† writes a personal check or provides an ACH authorization to cover the amount advanced plus charges for applicable fees and/or interest; and
† makes an appointment to return on the specified due date to repay the amount advanced plus the applicable charges and to reclaim his or her check.
We determine whether to approve a cash advance to our customers (except in Texas, where the third-party lender makes this determination). We require proof of identification, bank account and income source, as described above, and we primarily consider the customer's income in determining the amount of the cash advance. In Virginia, we require the customer to grant us a security interest in a motor vehicle to qualify for an open-ended line of credit.
Repayment terms vary depending upon state law, the type of cash advance services offered, and whether the cash advance was completed online or in one of our centers. Generally, as part of the closing process, we explain the customer's repayment obligations and establish the expectation that the customer will pay us in cash on or before the due date in accordance with their agreement with us. The day before the due date, we generally call the customer to confirm their payment.
If a customer does not pay the amount due, then our management has the discretion to either: (1) commence past-due collection efforts, which typically may proceed for up to 14 days in most states, or (2) deposit the customer's personal check or debit their bank account in accordance with their ACH authorization. If management decides to commence past-due collection efforts, employees typically contact the customer by telephone or in person to obtain a payment or a promise to pay and, in cases where we hold a check, attempt to exchange the customer's check for a cashier's check, if funds are available.
If unable to meet his or her payment obligations, the customer may qualify for an extended payment plan ("Payment Plan"). In most states, the terms of our Payment Plan conform to the CFSA Best Practices for extended payment plans. Certain states have specified their own terms and eligibility requirements for Payment Plans. Generally, a customer may enter into a Payment Plan for no additional fee once every twelve months and the Payment Plan will call for scheduled payments that coincide with the customer's next four paydays. In some states, a customer may enter into a Payment Plan more frequently.
We do not engage in collection efforts while a customer is enrolled in a Payment Plan. If a customer misses a scheduled payment under a Payment Plan, we may resume normal collection procedures. We do not offer a Payment Plan for multiple installment loans or lines of credit. Nor does the third-party lender in Texas offer a Payment Plan for advances to its customers. The third-party internet lender offers Payment Plans as required by state law.
If, at the end of this past-due collection period or Payment Plan, the center has been unable to collect the amount due, the customer's check is then deposited or their ACH authorization is processed. Additional collection efforts are not required if the customer's deposited check or our ACH debit clears. For the year ended December 31, 2008, and the three months ended March 31, 2009, we deposited or presented for ACH authorization approximately 5.9% and 5.5% , respectively, of all customer checks we received and approximately 25% and 33%, respectively, of deposited customer checks or ACH's cleared. If the customer's check or the ACH debit does not clear and is returned because of non-sufficient funds in the customer's account or because of a closed account or a stop-payment order, additional collection efforts begin. These additional collection efforts are carried out by center employees and typically include contacting the customer by telephone or in person to obtain payment or a promise to pay and, in cases where we hold a check, attempting to exchange the customer's check for a cashier's check, if funds become available. We also send out a series of collection letters, which are automatically distributed from a central location based on a set of pre-determined criteria.
In the case of cash advances in the form of lines of credit, if a customer fails to make payment when due in accordance with the terms of their agreement with us, then management may close the line of credit, accelerate the maturity date and take the steps outlined above or work with the customer to bring his or her payments current. If we close the line of credit and accelerate the maturity date, we stop charging interest on the outstanding amount and begin collection efforts as described above.
Selected Operating Data
The following table presents key operating data for our business:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2008 2009
Number of centers open at end of period 2,854 2,740
Number of customers served-all credit products
(thousands) 831 741
Number of cash advances originated (thousands) 2,781 2,423
Aggregate principal amount of cash advances originated
(thousands) $ 1,020,812 $ 874,363
Average amount of each cash advance originated $ 367 $ 361
Average charge to customers for providing and processing
a cash advance $ 57 $ 53
Average duration of a cash advance (days) 16.6 17.4
Average number of lines of credit outstanding during the
period (thousands) (1) - 34
Average amount of aggregate principal on lines of credit
outstanding during the period (thousands) (1) - $ 19,373
Average principal amount on each line of credit
outstanding during the period (1) - $ 571
Number of installment loans originated (thousands) (2) 5 7
Aggregate principal amount of installment loans
originated (thousands) (2) $ 2,325 $ 2,787
Average principal amount of each installment loan
originated (2) $ 426 $ 425
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(2) The installment loan activity reflects loans we originated as the lender in Illinois.
Our revenues consist of fees and/or interest paid to us directly by our customers. Our expenses relate primarily to the operation of our centers. These expenses include salaries and related payroll costs, occupancy expense related to our leased centers, center depreciation expense, advertising expense and other center expenses that consist principally of costs related to center closings, communications, delivery, supplies, travel, bank charges, various compliance and collection costs and costs associated with theft.
Provision for Doubtful Accounts, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Accrual for Third-Party Lender Losses
Our provision for doubtful accounts and accrual for third-party lender losses are primarily based upon models that analyze specific portfolio statistics and also reflect, to a lesser extent, management's judgment regarding overall accuracy. The analytical models take into account several factors including the number of transactions customers complete, and charge-off and recovery rates. Additional factors, such as changes in state laws, center closings, length of time centers have been open in a state, relative mix of new centers within a state and other relevant factors, are also evaluated to determine whether the results from the analytical models should be revised.
The effective income tax rate as a percentage of income before income taxes was 42.3% and 41.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
During the last few years, legislation that prohibits or severely restricts our products and services has been introduced or adopted in a number of states and at the federal level, and we expect that trend to continue in other states for the foreseeable future. Legislation was adopted in New Hampshire in 2008 that effectively prohibits us from offering cash advances to consumers in that state. As a result, in February 2009, we decided to close all of our centers in New Hampshire. In April 2009, the Governor of Virginia signed a bill into law that restricts us from offering both our cash advance product and our open-ended line of credit product at the same center unless the line of credit is secured by a motor vehicle. This limitation could reduce our customer base and lower our revenues and profits in Virginia. In April 2009, the Washington state legislature passed a bill that places a number of restrictions on our cash advance product including limiting the number of cash advances a customer may take to eight advances in any one year. If the bill is signed into law by the Governor of Washington, it will become effective on January 1, 2010 and our revenues and profits in Washington will be significantly reduced. If we are unable to operate profitably in Washington, we may cease operating in that state. Further, legislation permitting cash advances in Arizona and Mississippi is scheduled to expire in 2010 and 2012, respectively. This legislation may not be renewed or could be modified in a manner that effects our operations negatively. At any point in time, we are refining our cash advance services and developing new products and services or operations to address recent or anticipated legislative and regulatory changes. Some of these legislative and regulatory changes may result in our discontinuing operations in a state, while other changes may result in less significant short-term or long-term changes, interruptions in revenues and lower operating margins. Until and unless we are able to develop legal and financially-viable alternative products and services, we generally cannot estimate in advance the actual effect of operational changes we make in response to legislative and regulatory changes.
A new Ohio law became effective on November 24, 2008 that capped interest rates on cash advance loans and effectively limited the number of cash advances a customer may take to five advances in any one year. As a result, we began offering small loans pursuant to the Ohio Small Loan Act and check-cashing services. The small loan product generates less revenue than the former cash advance product and, as a result, we may need to close all of our centers in Ohio. Our operations in Ohio currently are not profitable.
During the quarter ended March 31, 2009, we closed 10 centers in Ohio and scheduled approximately 50 additional Ohio centers for closing during the remainder of 2009. The estimated cost to close these approximately 60 centers, including an impairment charge of approximately $0.9 million, is approximately $1.9 million to $3.4 million of which approximately $1.0 million was recorded in the first quarter of 2009. If our financial performance in Ohio does not improve, we may choose to close additional Ohio centers in the future.
If it is not economically viable to continue operations in Ohio and we decide to close our remaining Ohio centers, our estimated range of closing costs, including severance, center tear-down costs, lease termination costs and the write-down of fixed assets would be approximately $5.0 million to $12.9 million. The collectability of advances and fees receivable in Ohio would most likely be impaired. As of March 31, 2009, the net receivable balance in Ohio was approximately $15.8 million. At this time we are not able to determine the amount of goodwill impairment, if any, that would result from the cessation of operations in Ohio.
During the first quarter of 2009, we identified approximately 170 centers to be closed, including approximately 60 centers in Ohio. The impairment charge related to these centers was approximately $2.2 million during the first quarter of 2009, which represents the write-down of the undepreciated costs of the fixed assets in these centers. The estimated cost to close these centers, including the impairment charge of approximately $2.2 million, is approximately $5.2 million to $6.6 million of which approximately $2.7 million was recognized during the first quarter of 2009.
Closing of Operations in New Mexico. Legislation in New Mexico became effective in 2007 that limits fees and interest on all consumer loans and gives borrowers a 130 day interest-free and fee-free extension. As a result of this legislation, we determined that it was not economically viable to continue operating in New Mexico. As a result, we closed our remaining nine centers in New Mexico in August 2008. The closing costs associated with closing our operations in New Mexico were approximately $0.1 million. The cessation of our New Mexico operations did not result in any impairment of goodwill.
The following is a summary of financial information for our operations in New Mexico for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2009 (in thousands):
2008 2009
Total revenues $ 100 $ 0
Total center expenses 331 2
Center gross profit (loss) $ (231 ) $ (2 )
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Closing of Operations in Arkansas. In March 2008, we received a letter from the Arkansas Attorney General demanding that we stop offering deferred presentment transactions under the Arkansas Check Cashers Act. In response, we complied with the Attorney General's demands and began offering consumer loans at interest rates below the applicable Arkansas usury cap. On September 16, 2008, we received a notice from the Arkansas State Board of Collections that the Board had determined that consumer lenders who accept account withdrawal authorizations would be deemed by the Board to be engaged in the business of making deferred presentment transactions. During this same time, we were in discussions with the Arkansas Attorney General to address certain items regarding our operations in Arkansas. The Attorney General agreed that if we discontinued our operations in Arkansas, he would not bring suit against us. Although we believe we have always operated in compliance with Arkansas law, we concluded that avoiding potentially costly litigation in this circumstance was in the best interest of our shareholders. As a result, we closed all 30 centers in Arkansas on or before October 31, 2008. The costs associated with closing our Arkansas operations were approximately $1.8 million, including $1.1 million due to the write-down of receivables. The cessation of our Arkansas operations did not result in any impairment of goodwill.
The following is a summary of financial information for our operations in Arkansas for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2009 (in thousands):
2008 2009
Total revenues $ 1,529 $ 3
Total center expenses 1,358 (94 )
Center gross profit (loss) $ 171 $ (91 )
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Closing of Operations in New Hampshire. Legislation in New Hampshire became effective in 2009 that effectively prohibits the offering of cash advances in New Hampshire. As a result of this legislation, we determined that it is not economically viable to continue operating in New Hampshire. As a result, we closed 22 centers in New Hampshire in the first quarter of 2009 and will close the remaining two centers during the second quarter of 2009. The costs associated with closing our New Hampshire operations are estimated to be approximately $1.4 million, including $0.5 million due to the write-down of receivables. Approximately $0.7 million of these expenses were recognized during 2008 and $0.6 million where recognized during the first quarter of 2009. The remaining expenses will be recognized during the second quarter of 2009. The cessation of our New Hampshire operations did not result in any impairment of goodwill.
The following is a summary of financial information for our operations in New Hampshire for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2009 (in thousands):
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