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| CVX > SEC Filings for CVX > Form 10-Q on 7-May-2009 | All Recent SEC Filings |
7-May-2009
Quarterly Report
First Quarter 2009 Compared With First Quarter 2008
Key Financial Results
Earnings by Business Segment
Three Months Ended
March 31
2009 2008
(Millions of dollars)
Upstream - Exploration and Production
United States $ 21 $ 1,599
International 1,248 3,529
Total Upstream 1,269 5,128
Downstream - Refining, Marketing and Transportation
United States 133 4
International 690 248
Total Downstream 823 252
Chemicals 39 43
Total Segment Earnings 2,131 5,423
All Other (294 ) (255 )
Net Income Attributable to Chevron Corporation(1)(2) $ 1,837 $ 5,168
(1) Includes foreign currency effects $ (54 ) $ (45 )
(2) Also referred to as "earnings" in the discussions that follow.
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Net income attributable to Chevron Corporation for the first quarter 2009 was $1.8 billion ($0.92 per share - diluted), compared with $5.2 billion ($2.48 per share - diluted) in the corresponding 2008 period.
Upstream earnings in the first quarter 2009 were $1.3 billion, compared with $5.1 billion in the 2008 quarter. The decrease between periods was mainly due to sharply lower prices for crude oil and natural gas.
Downstream earnings were $823 million in the first quarter 2009, up $571 million from a year earlier. The increase was primarily associated with $400 million of gains on the sale of assets.
Chemicals earned $39 million and $43 million for the first quarters of 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Refer to pages 27 to 29 for additional discussion of results by business segment and "All Other" activities for the first quarter of 2009 versus the same period in 2008.
Business Environment and Outlook
Chevron is a global energy company with significant business activities in the following countries: Angola, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Chad, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, France, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, the Partitioned Neutral Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, the Philippines, Qatar, Republic of the Congo, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom, the United States, Venezuela, and Vietnam.
Earnings of the company depend largely on the profitability of its upstream (exploration and production) and downstream (refining, marketing and transportation) business segments. The single biggest factor that affects the results of operations for both segments is movement in the price of crude oil. In the downstream business, crude oil
is the largest cost component of refined products. The overall trend in earnings is typically less affected by results from the company's chemicals business and other activities and investments. Earnings for the company in any period may also be influenced by events or transactions that are infrequent and/or unusual in nature.
In recent years and through most of 2008, Chevron and the oil and gas industry at large experienced an increase in certain costs that exceeded the general trend of inflation in many areas of the world. This increase in costs affected the company's operating expenses and capital programs for all business segments, but particularly for upstream. These cost pressures began to soften somewhat in late 2008 and into the first quarter 2009. As the price of crude oil dropped precipitously from a record high in mid-year 2008, the demand for some goods and services in the industry began to slacken. This downward cost trend is expected to continue during 2009 if crude-oil prices do not significantly rebound. The company is actively managing its schedule of work and contracting and procurement activities to capture the value associated with this decline in costs. (Refer to the "Upstream" section below for a discussion of the trend in crude-oil prices.)
The company's operations, especially upstream, can also be affected by changing economic, regulatory and political environments in the various countries in which it operates, including the United States. Civil unrest, acts of violence or strained relations between a government and the company or other governments may impact the company's operations or investments. Those developments have at times significantly affected the company's operations and results and are carefully considered by management when evaluating the level of current and future activity in such countries.
To sustain its long-term competitive position in the upstream business, the company must develop and replenish an inventory of projects that offer adequate financial returns for the investment required. Identifying promising areas for exploration, acquiring the necessary rights to explore for and to produce crude oil and natural gas, drilling successfully, and handling the many technical and operational details in a safe and cost-effective manner are all important factors in this effort. Projects often require long lead times and large capital commitments. From time to time, certain governments have sought to renegotiate contracts or impose additional costs on the company. Governments may attempt to do so in the future. The company will continue to monitor these developments, take them into account in evaluating future investment opportunities, and otherwise seek to mitigate any risks to the company's current operations or future prospects.
The company also continually evaluates opportunities to dispose of assets that are not expected to provide sufficient long-term value or to acquire assets or operations complementary to its asset base to help augment the company's growth. Refer to the "Results of Operations" section beginning on page 27 for discussions of net gains on asset sales during the first quarter 2009. Asset dispositions and restructurings may occur in future periods and could result in significant gains or losses.
The company continues to closely monitor developments in the financial and credit markets, the general contraction of worldwide economic activity and the implications to the company from weakness in prices for crude oil and natural gas. Management is taking these developments into account in the conduct of daily operations and for business planning. The company remains confident of its underlying financial strength to deal with potential problems presented in this environment. (Refer also to discussion of the company's liquidity and capital resources on page 31.)
Comments related to earnings trends for the company's major business areas are as follows:
Upstream Earnings for the upstream segment are closely aligned with industry price levels for crude oil and natural gas. Crude-oil and natural-gas prices are subject to external factors over which the company has no control, including product demand connected with global economic conditions, industry inventory levels, production quotas imposed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), weather-related damage and disruptions, competing fuel prices, and regional supply interruptions or fears thereof that may be caused by military conflicts, civil unrest or political uncertainty. Moreover, any of these factors could also inhibit the company's production capacity in an affected region. The company monitors developments closely in the countries in which it operates and holds investments, and attempts to manage risks in operating its facilities and business. Besides the impact of the fluctuation in prices for crude oil and natural gas, the longer-term trend in earnings for the upstream segment is
also a function of other factors, including the company's ability to find or acquire and efficiently produce crude oil and natural gas, changes in fiscal terms of contracts and changes in tax rates on income.
Price levels for capital and exploratory costs and operating expenses associated with the efficient production of crude oil and natural gas can also be subject to external factors beyond the company's control. External factors include not only the general level of inflation but also prices charged by the industry's material- and service-providers, which can be affected by the volatility of the industry's own supply-and-demand conditions for such materials and services. Capital and exploratory expenditures and operating expenses also can be affected by damages to production facilities caused by severe weather or civil unrest. The chart below shows the trend in benchmark prices for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil and U.S Henry Hub natural gas. During 2008, industry price levels for WTI averaged $100 per barrel. The WTI price peaked at $147 in July 2008 and fell sharply to $45 at the end of the year. The WTI price in the first quarter 2009 averaged $43 and ended April at $51. The decline in prices from mid-2008 is largely associated with a weakening in global economic conditions and a reduction in the demand for crude oil. In an April 2009 report, the International Energy Agency (IEA) predicted global demand for crude oil in 2009 would decline nearly 3 percent from the 2008 level of consumption. Such a contraction in demand would be the most severe since the early 1980s.
[[Image Removed: (LINE GRAPH)]] A differential in crude-oil
prices exists between
high-quality (high-gravity,
low sulfur) crudes and those
of lower quality (low-gravity,
high sulfur). The amount of
the differential in any period
is associated with the supply
of heavy crude available
versus the demand that is a
function of the limited number
of refineries that are able to
process this lower-quality
feedstock into light products
(motor gasoline, jet fuel,
aviation gasoline and diesel
fuel). Chevron produces or
shares
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In contrast to price movements in the global market for crude oil, price changes for natural gas in many regional markets are more closely aligned with supply and demand conditions in those markets. Prices at Henry Hub averaged $4 per thousand cubic feet (MCF) in the first quarter 2009, compared with almost $9 for the first three months and for the full-year 2008. At the end of April 2009, the Henry Hub spot price was about $3.25 per MCF. Fluctuations in the price for natural gas in the United States are closely associated with the volumes produced in North America and the level of inventory in underground storage relative to customer demand. The lower U.S. price levels in 2009 are also associated with a softening in demand as a result of the economic slowdown. In an April 2009 report, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) forecasted natural-gas demand in the United States would be nearly two percent lower than in 2008.
Certain other regions of the world in which the company operates have different supply, demand and regulatory circumstances, which until recently have resulted in significantly lower average sales prices than in the United States for the company's production of natural gas. As a result of the U.S. natural gas supply-and-demand conditions in the first quarter 2009, the company's U.S. and international realizations were about the same. (Refer to page 31 for the company's average natural gas realizations for the U.S. and international regions.)
In the first quarter 2009, the company's worldwide net oil-equivalent production averaged 2.66 million barrels per day. During the period, net oil production was constrained by about 50,000 barrels per day due to quotas imposed by OPEC. About one-fifth of the company's net oil-equivalent production in the first quarter occurred in the OPEC-member countries of Angola, Nigeria and Venezuela and in the Partitioned Neutral Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. In the United States during the first quarter 2009, approximately 35,000 barrels of oil-equivalent production remained offline as a result of damage caused by hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico last September. Restoration of these volumes is expected to occur as repairs to third-party pipelines and production facilities are completed.
The production outlook for 2009 and beyond is subject to many factors and uncertainties, including additional quotas that may be imposed by OPEC, price effects on production volumes calculated under cost-recovery and variable-royalty provisions of certain contracts, changes in fiscal terms or restrictions on the scope of company operations, delays in project startups, fluctuations in demand for natural gas in various markets, weather conditions that may shut in production, civil unrest, changing geopolitics, or other disruptions to operations. The outlook for future production levels also is affected by the size and number of economic investment opportunities and, for new large-scale projects, the time lag between initial exploration and the beginning of production. A significant majority of Chevron's upstream investment is currently being made outside the United States. Investments in upstream projects generally begin well in advance of the start of the associated crude-oil and natural-gas production.
Refer to the Results of Operations on pages 27 through 28 for additional discussion of the company's upstream business.
Downstream Earnings for the downstream segment are closely tied to margins on the refining and marketing of products that include gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, fuel oil and feedstocks for chemical manufacturing. Industry margins are sometimes volatile and can be affected by the global and regional supply-and-demand balance for refined products and by changes in the price of crude oil used for refinery feedstock. Industry margins can also be influenced by refined-product inventory levels, geopolitical events, refinery maintenance programs and disruptions at refineries resulting from unplanned outages that may be due to severe weather, fires or other operational events.
Other factors affecting profitability for downstream operations include the reliability and efficiency of the company's refining and marketing network, the effectiveness of the crude-oil and product-supply functions and the economic returns on invested capital. Profitability can also be affected by the volatility of tanker-charter rates for the company's shipping operations, which are driven by the industry's demand for crude-oil and product tankers. Other factors beyond the company's control include the general level of inflation and energy costs to operate the company's refinery and distribution network.
The company's most significant marketing areas are the West Coast of North America, the U.S. Gulf Coast, Latin America, Asia, southern Africa and the United Kingdom. Chevron operates or has ownership interests in refineries in each of these areas, except Latin America. As part of its downstream strategy to focus on areas of market strength, the company announced plans to sell marketing businesses in several countries. Refer to the discussion in "Operating Developments" below.
The company's refining and marketing margins in the first quarter 2009 were generally weak, as demand for refined products in most areas was dampened by the economic slowdown and refined-product supplies in most areas were plentiful.
Refer to the Results of Operations on page 28 for additional discussion of the company's downstream operations.
Chemicals Earnings in the petrochemicals business are closely tied to global chemical demand, industry inventory levels and plant capacity utilization. Feedstock and fuel costs, which tend to follow crude-oil and natural-gas price movements, also influence earnings in this segment.
Refer to the Results of Operations on page 28 for additional discussion of chemical earnings.
Operating Developments
Noteworthy operating developments for the upstream business in recent months included the following:
• United States - Announced a deepwater oil discovery at the Chevron-operated and 55 percent-owned Buckskin prospect in the Gulf of Mexico. Also in the Gulf of Mexico, the company commenced production at the 58 percent-owned and operated Tahiti Field. Total maximum oil-equivalent production is estimated at 135,000 barrels per day by the end of 2009.
• Australia - Completed a seven-well exploration and appraisal program for the Wheatstone and Iago fields offshore northwest Australia. Chevron has a 100 percent interest in Wheatstone and a two-thirds interest in Iago. Resources from Wheatstone and Iago are expected to support the construction of a two-train LNG plant and domestic natural-gas plant.
• Republic of the Congo - Announced a deepwater crude-oil discovery in the northern portion of the 31 percent-owned and partner-operated Mono-Bilondo license area. This discovery follows two others made in 2007 and 2008 in the same license area.
In the downstream business, the company finalized sales of marketing businesses in Brazil, Nigeria, Uganda and Benin.
Results of Operations
Business Segments The following section presents the results of operations for the company's business segments - upstream, downstream and chemicals - as well as for "all other" - the departments and companies managed at the corporate level. (Refer to Note 4 beginning on page 9 for a discussion of the company's "reportable segments," as defined in FAS 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.)
Upstream
U.S. upstream earnings of $21 million in the first quarter 2009 decreased $1.58 billion from a year earlier due mainly to sharply lower prices for crude oil and natural gas. The 2009 quarter also included about $100 million of write-offs associated with exploration activities.
The average realization for crude oil and natural gas liquids in the first quarter of 2009 was about $36 per barrel, compared with $87 a year earlier. The average natural-gas realization was $4.14 per thousand cubic feet in the 2009 quarter, compared with $7.55 in the year-ago period.
Net oil-equivalent production was 671,000 barrels per day in the first quarter 2009, down 44,000 from a year earlier due mainly to production shut-in due to damage caused by hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico last September and normal field declines. Partially offsetting these effects was an increase of 35,000 barrels per day between periods that was associated with the late-2008 start-up of the Blind Faith project in the Gulf of Mexico. The net liquids component of oil-equivalent production increased about 1 percent between quarters to 441,000 barrels per day. Net natural-gas production declined 17 percent for the quarter to 1.38 billion cubic feet per day, with nearly half the decline associated with the hurricane effects.
Three Months Ended
March 31
2009 2008
(Millions of dollars)
International Upstream Earnings* $1,248 $3,529
* Includes foreign currency effects $ 33 $ (167 )
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International upstream earnings of $1.25 billion in the first quarter 2009 decreased $2.28 billion from a year ago due mainly to lower prices for crude oil. An approximate $400 million benefit between periods from higher sales volumes was largely offset by higher depreciation expenses. Foreign-currency effects increased earnings by $33 million in the 2009 quarter, compared with a reduction of $167 million a year earlier.
The average realization for crude oil and natural gas liquids for the first quarter 2009 was about $39 per barrel, versus $86 in the 2008 period. The average natural-gas realization in the 2009 first quarter was $4.21 per thousand cubic feet, down from $4.83 in the first quarter last year.
Net oil-equivalent production was 1.99 million barrels per day in the first quarter 2009, up about 6 percent from a year earlier. The increase included about 150,000 barrels per day of production associated with the mid-2008 start-up at Agbami in Nigeria and the expansion project at Tengiz in Kazakhstan. The impact of lower prices on cost-recovery volumes and other contractual provisions affecting Chevron's share of production resulted in a net
increase of about 50,000 barrels per day between periods. This increase was offset by about the same volume of OPEC-related curtailments. The net liquids component of oil-equivalent production was 1.38 million barrels per day in the first quarter 2009, up 10 percent from the year-ago quarter. Net natural-gas production of 3.64 billion cubic feet per day in the first quarter 2009 decreased about 3 percent between periods.
Downstream
Three Months Ended
March 31
2009 2008
(Millions of dollars)
U.S. Downstream Earnings $133 $4
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U.S. downstream earnings of $133 million in the first quarter 2009 increased $129 million on a slight improvement in refined-product margins from the depressed level a year ago.
Crude-oil inputs to the company's refineries were 938,000 barrels per day in the first quarter 2009, up about 5 percent from a year earlier when the crude unit at the refinery in Pascagoula, Mississippi, was down for part of the quarter. Refined-product sales volumes of 1.40 million barrels per day in the 2009 first quarter were down 2 percent from the corresponding 2008 quarter. Branded gasoline sales for the first quarter 2009 were 613,000 barrels per day, up 2 percent.
Three Months Ended
March 31
2009 2008
(Millions of dollars)
International Downstream Earnings* $690 $248
* Includes foreign currency effects $ (65 ) $111
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International downstream earnings of $690 million in the 2009 first quarter increased $442 million from a year earlier. The 2009 quarter included $400 million of gains on asset sales. Margins on the sale of refined products were slightly higher between periods, and operating and selling expenses declined. Foreign-currency effects reduced earnings by $65 million in the 2009 quarter, compared with a benefit to earnings of $111 million a year earlier.
The company's share of refinery crude-oil inputs was 985,000 barrels per day, about 2 percent higher than the first quarter 2008. Total refined-product sales volumes of 1.96 million barrels declined 5 percent between periods on lower sales of fuel oil, gas oil and gasoline.
Chemicals
Three Months Ended
March 31
2009 2008
(Millions of dollars)
Earnings* $39 $43
* Includes foreign currency effects $ 7 $ (1 )
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Chemical operations earned $39 million in the first quarter 2009, a decline of $4 million from a year earlier. The 2008 period included a charge of approximately $40 million for environmental remediation costs at a closed manufacturing facility. Between quarters, margins were lower on the sale of lubricant and fuel additives for Chevron's Oronite subsidiary and on sales of commodity chemicals by the 50 percent-owned Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC.
All Other
Three Months Ended
March 31
2009 2008
(Millions of dollars)
Net Charges* $(294 ) $(255 )
* Includes foreign currency effects $ (29 ) $ 12
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All Other consists of mining operations, power generation businesses, worldwide cash management and debt financing activities, corporate administrative functions, insurance operations, real estate activities, alternative fuels and technology companies.
Net charges in the first quarter 2009 were $294 million, compared with $255 million in last year's first quarter. Foreign currency effects increased . . .
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