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1-May-2009
Quarterly Report
PPL is an energy and utility holding company with headquarters in Allentown, PA. Refer to "Item 1. Business - Background" in PPL's 2008 Form 10-K for descriptions of its reportable segments, which are Supply, International Delivery and Pennsylvania Delivery. Through its subsidiaries, PPL is primarily engaged in the generation and marketing of electricity in two key markets - the northeastern and western U.S. - and in the delivery of electricity in PA and the U.K. See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Overview" in PPL's 2008 Form 10-K for a discussion of PPL's strategy and the risks and challenges that it faces in its business. See "Forward-Looking Information," Note 10 to the Financial Statements and the remainder of Item 2 in this Form 10-Q, and "Item 1A. Risk Factors" and the rest of Item 7 in PPL's 2008 Form 10-K for more information concerning the material risks and uncertainties that PPL faces in its businesses and with respect to its future earnings.
Market Events
The downturn in the financial markets has increased the complexity of managing credit risk, responding to liquidity needs, measuring derivatives and other financial instruments at fair value, and managing market price risk. Bank credit capacity has been reduced dramatically and the cost of renewing or establishing new credit facilities has increased significantly, thereby introducing uncertainties as to businesses' ability to enter into long-term energy commitments or reliably estimate the longer-term cost and availability of credit.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk that PPL would incur a loss as a result of nonperformance by counterparties of their contractual obligations. PPL maintains credit policies and procedures to limit counterparty credit risk. The continued volatility and downturn in financial and commodity markets during the first quarter of 2009 have generally increased PPL's exposure to credit risk. See Note 14 to the Financial Statements and "Risk Management - Energy Marketing & Trading and Other - Credit Risk" in PPL's 2008 Form 10-K for more information on credit risk.
Liquidity Risk
The downturn in financial markets generally continues to make obtaining new sources of bank and capital markets funding and issuing commercial paper more difficult and costly. During this challenging period, PPL expects to continue to have access to adequate sources of liquidity through operating cash flows, cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and its credit facilities. See "Financial Condition - Liquidity and Capital Resources" for an expanded discussion of PPL's liquidity position and a discussion of financing transactions.
Valuations in Inactive Markets
The downturn in the financial markets has generally made it difficult to determine the fair value of certain assets and liabilities in inactive markets. Management has reviewed the activity in the energy and financial markets in which PPL transacts, concluding that all of these markets were active at March 31, 2009, with the exception of the market for auction rate securities. See Note 13 to the Financial Statements and "Financial Condition - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Auction Rate Securities" for a discussion of these investments. The FASB recently issued FSP FAS 157-4 that addresses how to determine fair value when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability has significantly decreased and how to identify transactions that are not orderly. See Note 18 to the Financial Statements for additional information.
Securities Price Risk
Declines in the market price of debt and equity securities resulted in unrealized losses that have reduced the asset values of PPL's investments in its nuclear plant decommissioning trust funds and defined benefit plans.
PPL actively monitors the performance of the investments held in its nuclear plant decommissioning trust funds and periodically reviews the funds' investment allocations. See "Financial Condition - Risk Management - Energy Marketing & Trading and Other - Nuclear Plant Decommissioning Trust Funds - Securities Price Risk" for additional information on securities price risk.
PPL's defined benefit plans' assets continued to experience net negative investment returns in the first quarter of 2009, impacting the funded status of those plans. Determination of the funded status of defined benefit plans, contribution requirements and net periodic defined benefit costs for future years are subject to changes in various assumptions, in addition to the actual performance of the assets in the plans. See "Application of Critical Accounting Policies - Defined Benefits" in PPL's 2008 Form 10-K for a discussion of the assumptions and sensitivities regarding those assumptions.
The Economic Stimulus Package
The Economic Stimulus Package is intended to stimulate the U.S. economy through federal tax relief, expansion of unemployment benefits and other social stimulus provisions, domestic spending for education, health care and infrastructure, including the energy sector. A portion of the benefits included in the Economic Stimulus Package are offered in the form of loan fee reductions, expanded loan guarantees and secondary market incentives, including delayed recognition for tax purposes of income related to the cancellation of certain types of debt. See "Financial Condition - Liquidity and Capital Resources" for a discussion of the applicability to the purchase of notes by PPL Energy Supply.
Funds from the Economic Stimulus Package will be allocated to various federal agencies, such as the DOE, and will also be provided to state agencies through block grants. The DOE plans to use a portion of the funds for "smart grid" programs, and has initiated a process for that purpose. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is accepting applications for funding for energy projects such as wind, hydroelectric, solar and other projects. As discussed in Note 8 to the Financial Statements, PPL has reconsidered its Holtwood expansion project in view of the tax incentives and potential loan guarantees for renewable energy projects contained in the Economic Stimulus Package. PPL and its subsidiaries continue to review the Economic Stimulus Package's provisions to determine the impact on PPL's possible expansion plans, transmission projects and other business-related activities.
The following information should be read in conjunction with PPL's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes and with PPL's 2008 Form 10-K.
Terms and abbreviations are explained in the glossary. Dollars are in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted.
The following discussion begins with a summary of PPL's earnings. "Results of Operations" continues with a review of results by reportable segment and a description of key factors by segment that management expects may impact future earnings. This section ends with "Statement of Income Analysis," which includes explanations of significant changes in principal items on PPL's Statements of Income, comparing the three months ended March 31, 2009, with the same period in 2008.
The results for interim periods can be disproportionately influenced by various factors and developments and by seasonal variations, and as such, the results of operations for interim periods do not necessarily indicate results or trends for the year or for future operating results.
Earnings
Net income attributable to PPL and the related EPS were:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2009 2008
Net income attributable to PPL $ 241 $ 260
EPS - basic $ 0.64 $ 0.69
EPS - diluted $ 0.64 $ 0.69
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The changes in net income attributable to PPL from period to period were, in part, attributable to several special items that management considers significant. Details of these special items are provided within the review of each segment's earnings.
Segment Results
Net income attributable to PPL by segment was:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2009 2008
Supply $ 105 $ 102
International Delivery 87 98
Pennsylvania Delivery 49 60
Total $ 241 $ 260
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Supply Segment
The Supply segment primarily consists of the domestic energy marketing, domestic
generation and domestic development operations of PPL Energy Supply. Supply
segment net income attributable to PPL was:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2009 2008
Energy revenues
External (a) $ 1,194 $ 289
Intersegment 497 489
Energy-related businesses 92 107
Total operating revenues 1,783 885
Fuel and energy purchases
External (a) 1,179 257
Intersegment 20 28
Other operation and maintenance 233 227
Depreciation 51 44
Taxes, other than income 8 2
Energy-related businesses 88 105
Total operating expenses 1,579 663
Other Income - net 13
Interest Expense 47 41
Income Taxes 65 79
Net Income Attributable to PPL $ 105 $ 102
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(a) Includes unrealized gains and losses from economic activity. See Note 14 to the Financial Statements for additional information.
The after-tax changes in net income attributable to PPL between these periods were due to the following factors.
Domestic gross energy margins $ (4 )
Other operation and maintenance 16
Depreciation (4 )
Taxes, other than income (4 )
Other income - net 12
Interest expense (3 )
Income taxes (3 )
Other 1
Special items (8 )
$ 3
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· See "Domestic Gross Energy Margins" for further discussion.
· Other operation and maintenance decreased primarily due to lower outage costs at the Susquehanna nuclear plant as a result of the timing of the 2009 refueling outage.
· Other income - net increased primarily due to gains related to the extinguishment of notes.
The following after-tax amounts, which management considers special items, also had a significant impact on the Supply segment earnings. See the indicated Notes to the Financial Statements for additional information.
Three Months Ended March 31,
2009 2008
MTM adjustments
from economic
activity (Note 14) $ 50 $ 50
Impairment of
nuclear
decommissioning
trust investments
(a) (3 )
Impairments and
other impacts -
emission allowances
(Note 13) (15 )
Other asset
impairments (2 )
Workforce reduction
charge (Note 6) (6 )
Montana basin
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(a) Represents other-than-temporary impairment charges on securities, including realized gains and losses from sales of previously impaired securities.
2009 Outlook
Excluding special items, PPL projects higher earnings for its Supply segment in 2009 compared with 2008, driven by higher energy margins as a result of higher expected baseload generation and margins from marketing and trading activities, despite higher coal expense, partially offset by higher operation and maintenance expenses and depreciation.
International Delivery Segment
The International Delivery segment consists primarily of the electricity
distribution operations in the U.K. In the first quarter of 2008, the
International Delivery segment recognized income tax adjustments and other
expenses in Discontinued Operations as the dissolution of the remaining Latin
American holding companies commenced. See Note 8 to the Financial Statements for
additional information. International Delivery segment net income attributable
to PPL was:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2009 2008
Utility revenues $ 176 $ 241
Energy-related businesses 7 9
Total operating revenues 183 250
Other operation and maintenance 34 46
Depreciation 26 36
Taxes, other than income 13 17
Energy-related businesses 3 3
Total operating expenses 76 102
Other Income - net 2 3
Interest Expense 13 38
Income Taxes 9 20
Income from Discontinued Operations 5
Net Income Attributable to PPL $ 87 $ 98
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The after-tax changes in net income attributable to PPL between these periods were due to the following factors.
U.K.
Delivery margins $ 2
Other operating expenses 4
Interest expense 15
Income taxes 9
Foreign currency exchange rates (34 )
Hyder liquidation distributions (2 )
U.S. Income taxes 2
Discontinued operations (Note 8) (5 )
Other 1
Special items (3 )
$ (11 )
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· Lower U.K. interest expense on the Index-Linked Senior Unsecured Notes primarily due to lower inflation rates.
· Lower U.K. income taxes primarily due to a favorable settlement of an uncertain tax position, partially offset by changes in other uncertain tax positions.
· Changes in U.K. foreign currency exchange rates negatively impacted WPD earnings between the periods. The weighted-average exchange rate for the British pound sterling was approximately $1.45 for the first three months of 2009 versus approximately $1.98 for the same period in 2008. This decreased WPD-related revenue and expense line items by 27%.
The following after-tax amounts, which management considers special items, impacted the International Delivery segment earnings.
Three Months Ended March 31,
2009 2008
Asset impairments $ (1 )
Workforce reduction charge (Note 6) (2 )
Total $ (3 )
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2009 Outlook
Excluding special items, PPL projects lower earnings for its International Delivery segment in 2009 compared with 2008, primarily as a result of less favorable foreign currency exchange rates.
Pennsylvania Delivery Segment
The Pennsylvania Delivery segment for both 2008 and 2009 includes the regulated electric delivery operations of PPL Electric. The Pennsylvania Delivery segment results in 2008 also include the revenues and expenses of PPL's natural gas distribution and propane businesses. These revenues and expenses are included in Discontinued Operations. In October 2008, PPL sold its natural gas distribution and propane businesses. See Note 8 to the Financial Statements for additional information.
Pennsylvania Delivery segment net income attributable to PPL was:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2009 2008
Operating revenues
External $ 890 $ 880
Intersegment 20 28
Total operating revenues 910 908
Fuel and energy purchases
External 32 41
Intersegment 497 489
Other operation and maintenance 106 104
Amortization of recoverable transition costs 84 76
Depreciation 33 32
Taxes, other than income 52 56
Total operating expenses 804 798
Other Income - net 4 5
Interest Expense 29 29
Income Taxes 27 30
Income from Discontinued Operations 9
Noncontrolling Interests 5 5
Net Income Attributable to PPL $ 49 $ 60
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The after-tax changes in net income attributable to PPL between these periods were due to the following factors.
Delivery revenues
(net of CTC/ITC
amortization,
interest expense
on transition
bonds and
ancillary
charges) $ 1
Other operation
and maintenance 7
Interest expense (3 )
Discontinued
operations (Note
8) (9 )
Other (1 )
Special items (6 )
$ (11 )
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· Other operation and maintenance decreased primarily due to higher PUC-reportable storm costs in 2008 and decreased contractor expenses in 2009.
The following after-tax amounts, which management considers special items, also had a significant impact on the Pennsylvania Delivery segment earnings.
Three Months Ended March 31,
2009 2008
Asset impairments $ (1 )
Workforce reduction charge (Note 6) (5 )
Total $ (6 )
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2009 Outlook
Excluding special items, PPL projects lower earnings for its Pennsylvania Delivery segment in 2009 compared with 2008, due to the divestiture of PPL's natural gas distribution and propane businesses and slightly lower results from the electricity delivery business. Slightly higher revenues are expected to be offset by higher other operation and maintenance expenses.
See Note 10 to the Financial Statements for a discussion of items that could impact earnings beyond 2009, including the PUC-approved plan to procure default electricity supply for 2010, Pennsylvania legislative and other regulatory activities and a FERC-approved transmission rate.
Statement of Income Analysis --
Domestic Gross Energy Margins
Non-GAAP Financial Measure
The following discussion includes financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as a non-GAAP financial measure, "Domestic Gross Energy Margins." The presentation of "Domestic Gross Energy Margins" is intended to supplement the investor's understanding of PPL's domestic non-trading and trading activities by combining applicable income statement line items and related adjustments to calculate a single financial measure. PPL believes that "Domestic Gross Energy Margins" are useful and meaningful to investors because they provide them with the results of PPL's domestic non-trading and trading activities as another criterion in making their investment decisions. PPL's management also uses "Domestic Gross Energy Margins" in measuring certain corporate performance goals used in determining variable compensation. Other companies may use different measures to present the results of their non-trading and trading activities. Additionally, "Domestic Gross Energy Margins" are not intended to replace "Operating Income," which is determined in accordance with GAAP, as an indicator of overall operating performance. The following table provides a reconciliation between "Operating Income" and "Domestic Gross Energy Margins" as defined by PPL.
Three Months Ended March 31,
2009 2008
Operating Income
(a) $ 417 $ 480
Adjustments:
Energy-related
businesses, net (b) (8 ) (8 )
Other operation and
maintenance (a) 373 377
Amortization of
recoverable
transition costs
(a) 84 76
Depreciation (a) 110 112
Taxes, other than
income (a) 73 75
Revenue adjustments
(c) (897 ) (426 )
Expense adjustments
(c) 243 (285 )
Domestic gross
energy margins $ 395 $ 401
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(a) As reported on the Statements of Income.
(b) Amount represents the net of "Energy-related businesses" revenue and expense
as reported on the Statements of Income.
(c) The components of these adjustments are detailed in the table below.
The following table provides the income statement line items and other adjustments that comprise domestic gross energy margins.
Three Months Ended March 31,
2009 2008 Change
Revenue
Utility (a) $ 1,065 $ 1,120 $ (55 )
Unregulated retail electric and gas (a) 42 34 8
Wholesale energy marketing (a) 1,165 258 907
Net energy trading margins (a) (12 ) (2 ) (10 )
Revenue adjustments (b)
WPD utility revenue (176 ) (241 ) 65
Domestic delivery component of utility revenue (354 ) (354 )
Other utility revenue (14 ) (12 ) (2 )
MTM adjustments from economic activity (c) (353 ) 180 (533 )
Gains from sale of emission allowances (d) 1 (1 )
Total revenue adjustments (897 ) (426 ) (471 )
1,363 984 379
Expense
Fuel (a) 258 240 18
Energy purchases (a) 953 58 895
Expense adjustments (b)
MTM adjustments from economic activity (c) (267 ) 266 (533 )
Domestic electric ancillaries (e) (12 ) (12 )
Gross receipts tax (f) 31 30 1
Other 5 1 4
Total expense adjustments (243 ) 285 (528 )
968 583 385
Domestic gross energy margins $ 395 $ 401 $ (6 )
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(a) As reported on the Statements of Income.
(b) To include/exclude the impact of any revenues and expenses not associated
with domestic gross energy margins, consistent with the way management
reviews domestic gross energy margins internally.
(c) See Note 14 to the Financial Statements for additional information regarding
economic activity.
(d) Included in "Other operation and maintenance" on the Statements of Income.
(e) Included in "Energy purchases" on the Statements of Income.
(f) Included in "Taxes, other than income" on the Statements of Income.
Domestic Gross Energy Margins By Region
Domestic gross energy margins are generated through PPL's various strategies to
maximize the value of its wholesale energy portfolio. The most significant of
these strategies include the sales of baseload generation, optimization of
intermediate and peaking generation and its marketing and proprietary trading
activities. PPL also manages these activities on a geographic basis that is
aligned with its generation assets.
Three Months Ended March 31,
2009 2008 Change
Generation related margins:
Eastern U.S. $ 297 $ 315 $ (18 )
Western U.S. 84 72 12
Marketing and trading margins:
Eastern U.S. 15 25 (10 )
Western U.S. (1 ) (11 ) 10
Domestic gross energy margins $ 395 $ 401 $ (6 )
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Eastern U.S.
Eastern U.S. generation related margins were $18 million lower during the three . . .
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