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KO > SEC Filings for KO > Form 10-Q on 30-Apr-2009All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-Q for COCA COLA CO


30-Apr-2009

Quarterly Report


Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

When used in this report, the terms "Company," "we," "us" or "our" mean The Coca-Cola Company and all entities included in our consolidated financial statements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Recoverability of Noncurrent Assets

Our Company faces many uncertainties and risks related to various economic, political and regulatory environments in the countries in which we operate, particularly in developing and emerging markets. Refer to the heading "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in Part I and "Our Business - Challenges and Risks" in Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. As a result, management must make numerous assumptions which involve a significant amount of judgment when completing recoverability and impairment tests of noncurrent assets in various regions around the world.

We perform recoverability and impairment tests of noncurrent assets in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. For certain assets, recoverability and/or impairment tests are required only when conditions exist that indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. For other assets, impairment tests are required at least annually, or more frequently, if events or circumstances indicate that an asset may be impaired.

Investments in Equity and Debt Securities

Investments classified as trading securities are not assessed for impairment, since they are carried at fair value with the change in fair value included in net income. We review our investments in equity and debt securities that are accounted for using the equity method or cost method or that are classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity each reporting period to determine whether a significant event or change in circumstances has occurred that may have an adverse effect on the fair value of each investment. When such events or changes occur, we evaluate the fair value compared to our cost basis in the investment. We also perform this evaluation every reporting period for each investment for which our cost basis has exceeded the fair value in the prior period. The fair values of most of our Company's investments in publicly traded companies are often readily available based on quoted market prices. For investments in nonpublicly traded companies, management's assessment of fair value is based on valuation methodologies including discounted cash flows, estimates of sales proceeds and appraisals, as appropriate. We consider the assumptions that we believe hypothetical marketplace participants would use in evaluating estimated future cash flows when employing the discounted cash flow or estimates of sales proceeds valuation methodologies. The ability to accurately predict future cash flows, especially in developing and emerging markets, may impact the determination of fair value.

In the event the fair value of an investment declines below our cost basis, management is required to determine if the decline in fair value is other than temporary. If management determines the decline is other than temporary, an impairment charge is recorded. Management's assessment as to the nature of a decline in fair value is based on, among other things, the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than our cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and our intent and ability to retain the investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value.


The following table presents the difference between calculated fair values, based on quoted closing prices of publicly traded shares, and our Company's cost basis in publicly traded bottlers accounted for as equity method investments (in millions):

    April 3, 2009                                   Fair     Carrying     Difference
                                                   Value        Value

    Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc.1                  $ 2,381        $   -        $ 2,381
    Coca-Cola FEMSA, S.A.B. de C.V.                1,911          840          1,071
    Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company S.A.       1,306        1,386            (80 )
    Coca-Cola Amatil Limited                       1,165          680            485
    Grupo Continental, S.A.B.                        226          158             68
    Coca-Cola Icecek A.S.                            223           97            126
    Coca-Cola Embonor S.A.                           206          186             20
    Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated              129           65             64
    Embotelladoras Coca-Cola Polar S.A.               90           69             21

    Total                                        $ 7,637      $ 3,481        $ 4,156

1 The carrying value of our investment in Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. ("CCE"), was reduced to zero as of December 31, 2008, primarily as a result of recording our proportionate share of impairment charges and items impacting accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") recorded by CCE during 2008.

The carrying value of our investment in Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company S.A. ("Coca-Cola Hellenic") exceeded its fair value in each of the last six months; however, the amount by which our cost basis has exceeded its fair value has decreased in each of those months. As is the case with most of our equity method investees, we have both the ability and intent to hold our investment in Coca-Cola Hellenic as a long-term investment. Furthermore, under the terms of a shareholders agreement between the Company and another significant shareholder of Coca-Cola Hellenic, the Company is required, unless both parties agree to the contrary, to maintain no less than a 20 percent ownership interest in Coca-Cola Hellenic through at least December 31, 2018. Additionally, we believe that the countries in which Coca-Cola Hellenic has bottling and distribution rights, through direct ownership or joint ventures, have positive growth opportunities. We also believe that the recent volatility of Coca-Cola Hellenic's fair value is at least partly attributable to the volatility in the global financial markets and not necessarily indicative of a change in long-term value. Additionally, subsequent to the end of the first quarter of 2009, Coca-Cola Hellenic's share price rose to a level where the fair value of our investment in Coca-Cola Hellenic was approximately equal to the carrying value of our investment. Based on these factors, management has concluded that the decline in fair value of our investment in Coca-Cola Hellenic is temporary in nature. We will continue to monitor our investment in future periods.

As of April 3, 2009, the Company had several investments classified as available-for-sale securities in which our cost basis has exceeded the fair value of the investment. As of April 3, 2009, unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities were approximately $211 million and $20 million, respectively. Management assessed each individual investment with unrealized losses to determine if the decline in fair value was other than temporary. Based on these assessments, management determined that the decline in fair value of each of these investments was temporary in nature. We will continue to monitor these investments in future periods.

During the first quarter of 2009, the Company recorded a charge of approximately $27 million in other income (loss) - net as a result of an other-than-temporary decline in the fair value of a cost method investment. As of December 31, 2008, the estimated fair value of this investment approximated the Company's carrying value in the investment. However, during the first quarter of 2009, the


Company was informed by the investee of its intent to reorganize its capital structure in 2009, which would result in the Company's shares in the investee being canceled. As a result, the Company determined that the decline in fair value of this cost method investment was other than temporary. This impairment charge impacted the Corporate operating segment. Refer to Note H and Note L of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Goodwill, Trademarks and Other Intangible Assets

SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," classifies intangible assets into three categories: (1) intangible assets with definite lives subject to amortization; (2) intangible assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization; and (3) goodwill. For intangible assets with definite lives, tests for impairment must be performed if conditions exist that indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. For intangible assets with indefinite lives and goodwill, tests for impairment must be performed at least annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that assets might be impaired. Our equity method investees also perform such tests for impairment of intangible assets and/or goodwill. If an impairment charge was recorded by one of our equity method investees, the Company would record its proportionate share of such charge. However, the actual amount we record with respect to our proportionate share of such charges may be impacted by items such as basis differences, deferred taxes and deferred gains.

Intangible assets acquired in recent transactions are naturally more susceptible to impairment, primarily due to the fact that they are recorded at fair value based on recent operating plans and macroeconomic conditions present at the time of acquisition. Consequently, if operating results and/or macroeconomic conditions deteriorate shortly after an acquisition, it could result in the impairment of the acquired assets. A deterioration of macroeconomic conditions may not only negatively impact the estimated operating cash flows used in our cash flow models, but may also negatively impact other assumptions used in our analyses, including, but not limited to, the estimated cost of capital and/or discount rates. Additionally, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, we are required to ensure that assumptions used to determine fair value in our analyses are consistent with the assumptions a hypothetical marketplace participant would use. As a result, the cost of capital and/or discount rates used in our analyses may increase or decrease based on market conditions and trends, regardless of whether our Company's actual cost of capital has changed. Therefore, our Company may recognize an impairment of an intangible asset or assets in spite of realizing actual cash flows that are approximately equal to or greater than our previously forecasted amounts.

During the first quarter of 2009, the Company recorded an asset impairment charge of approximately $23 million. The impairment charge was the result of a change in the expected useful life of an intangible asset, which was previously determined to have an indefinite life. This charge was recorded in other operating charges and impacted the Bottling Investments operating segment. Refer to Note H and Note K of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Sales of our ready-to-drink nonalcoholic beverages are somewhat seasonal, with the second and third calendar quarters accounting for the highest sales volumes. The volume of sales in the beverage business may be affected by weather conditions.

Beverage Volume

We measure our sales volume in two ways: (1) unit cases of finished products and (2) concentrate sales. A "unit case" is a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings). Unit case volume represents the number of unit cases of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners ("Coca-Cola system") to customers. Unit case volume primarily consists of beverage products bearing Company trademarks. Also included in unit case volume are certain products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company, and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers for which our Company provides marketing support and from the sale of which we derive economic benefit. Such products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company or owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers account for a minimal portion of total unit case volume. In addition, unit case volume includes sales by joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest. Unit case volume is derived based on estimates supplied by our bottling partners and distributors. Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates, syrups, beverage bases and powders (in all cases expressed in equivalent unit cases) sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. Most of our revenues are based on concentrate sales, a primarily wholesale activity. Unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates are not necessarily equal during any given period. Factors such as seasonality, bottlers' inventory practices, supply point changes, timing of price increases, new product introductions and changes in product mix can impact unit case volume and concentrate sales and can create differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates. In addition to the items mentioned above, the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures, in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders, may give rise to differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates.


Information about our volume growth by operating segment for the three months ended April 3, 2009, is as follows:

                                              Percentage Change
                                              2009 versus 2008
                                      Unit Cases 1,2,3   Concentrate Sales 4

           Worldwide5                          2 %                       7 %
              Eurasia & Africa                 3                         8
              Europe                          (2 )                       1
              Latin America                    5                        10
              North America                   (2 )                       2
              Pacific                          4                        10
           Bottling Investments               (4 )                     N/A

1 Bottling Investments operating segment data reflect unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only.

2 Geographic segment data reflect unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated.

3 Unit case volume percentage change is based on average daily sales. Unit case volume growth based on average daily sales is computed by comparing the average daily sales in each of the corresponding periods. Average daily sales for each quarter are the unit cases sold during the quarter divided by the number of days in the quarter.

4 Concentrate sales volume represents the actual amount of concentrates, syrups, beverage bases and powders sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers and is not based on average daily sales. Each of our interim reporting periods, other than the fourth interim reporting period, ends on the Friday closest to the last day of the corresponding quarterly calendar period. The first quarter of 2009 and 2008 ended on April 3, 2009, and March 28, 2008, respectively. The first quarter of 2009 had five additional days compared to the first quarter of 2008. Our fourth interim reporting period and our fiscal year end on December 31 regardless of the day of the week on which December 31 falls. The fourth quarter of 2009 will have six fewer days compared to the fourth quarter of 2008.

5 Acquisitions contributed 1 percentage point of worldwide unit case volume growth in the first quarter of 2009 versus the comparable period of the prior year.

Unit Case Volume

Although most of our Company's revenues are not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures trends at the consumer level.

In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 3 percent in the first quarter of 2009 versus the comparable period of the prior year, which reflected growth in sparkling and still beverages of 2 percent and 4 percent, respectively. The group's first quarter unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 31 percent growth in India and 7 percent growth in East and Central Africa. The unit case volume growth in India was driven by growth in sparkling beverages, led by double-digit growth in Trademark Sprite, Trademark Fanta and Trademark Coca-Cola. In addition to the volume growth of sparking beverages in India, still beverages grew 32 percent during the quarter. Nigeria and South Africa also contributed to the group's unit case volume growth, with growth of 6 percent and 2 percent, respectively. The unit case volume growth in the aforementioned markets was partially offset by an


18 percent decline in Russia and a mid single-digit decline in Turkey. The unit case volume declines in Russia and Turkey were primarily due to the challenging economic environment.

Unit case volume in Europe decreased 2 percent in the first quarter of 2009 versus the comparable period of the prior year, which reflected the difficult macroeconomic conditions throughout most of Europe. The group's unit case volume decline consisted of a 3 percent decline in sparkling beverages, partially offset by 4 percent growth in still beverages. The difficult macroeconomic conditions impacted a number of key markets and contributed to high single-digit volume declines in Germany and Iberia. The volume declines in these markets were partially offset by 10 percent volume growth in Great Britain.

In Latin America, unit case volume increased 5 percent in the first quarter of 2009 versus the comparable period of the prior year, which consisted of 1 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 33 percent growth in still beverages. The group benefited from strong volume growth in key markets, including 6 percent in Mexico and 4 percent in Brazil. Acquisitions contributed 1 percentage point of the group's total unit case volume growth in the quarter. Sparkling beverage unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 2 percent volume growth in Coca-Cola. The successful integration of Jugos del Valle, S.A.B. de C.V. ("Jugos del Valle"), which we acquired jointly with Coca-Cola FEMSA, S.A.B. de C.V. ("Coca-Cola FEMSA") in 2007, drove still beverage volume growth. Still beverage unit case volume grew 25 percent in the first quarter of 2009, excluding the impact of acquisitions.

Unit case volume in North America decreased 2 percent in the first quarter of 2009 versus the comparable period of the prior year, which reflected the impact of a difficult U.S. economic environment. The overall unit case volume decline in North America during the first quarter of 2009 consisted of a 4 percent decline in sparkling beverages, partially offset by a 3 percent increase in still beverages. The current quarter decline in sparkling beverages was partly attributable to the significant bottler price increase taken in the fourth quarter of 2008. The negative impact of current macroeconomic conditions and bottler price increases was partially offset by the continued strong performance of Coca-Cola Zero, which had a 25 percent unit case volume increase in the first quarter of 2009. Still beverage unit case volume increased 3 percent in the quarter, primarily due to the strong performance of Powerade, Fuze, Trademark Simply and tea. The unit case volume growth in still beverages also included a volume decline in Trademark Dasani, primarily due to the slowing water category.

In Pacific, unit case volume increased 4 percent in the first quarter of 2009 versus the comparable period of the prior year. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 10 percent volume growth in China, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 28 percent growth in still beverages. China's sparkling unit case volume growth was led by high single-digit growth in Trademark Sprite. Double-digit unit case volume growth in Minute Maid accounted for the majority of China's growth in still beverages. In Japan, unit case volume was even in the first quarter of 2009. Sparkling beverage unit case volume in Japan grew 12 percent in the quarter, led by 14 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and 16 percent growth in Trademark Fanta. Unit case volume growth in Trademark Coca-Cola was primarily attributable to the continued success of Coca-Cola Zero and the successful execution of the three-cola strategy (focusing on driving unit case volume growth for Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke or Coca-Cola light). Japan's growth in sparkling beverages was offset by a 5 percent unit case volume decline in still beverages, primarily due to declines in Sokenbicha and Aquarius. Also included in the group's first quarter of 2009 volume growth was the impact of a 6 percent unit case volume decline in the Philippines.

Unit case volume for Bottling Investments decreased 4 percent in the first quarter of 2009 versus the comparable period of the prior year, primarily due to the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Refrigerantes Minas Gerais Ltda. ("Remil"), a bottler in Brazil, and the sale of a


portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Beverages Pakistan Ltd. ("Coca-Cola Pakistan"), which resulted in its deconsolidation.

Concentrate Sales Volume

For the first quarter of 2009, differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates for all segments were primarily due to five additional selling days in the first quarter of 2009 versus the first quarter of 2008. As discussed above, unit case volume growth rates are based on average daily sales. Conversely, concentrate sales volume growth rates are based on the actual amount of concentrates, syrups, beverage bases and powders sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers and are not calculated based on average daily sales. In addition to the five extra selling days in the first quarter of 2009, the timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures, in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders, also contributed to the differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates.

Net Operating Revenues

    Net operating revenues decreased by $210 million, or 3 percent, for the
three months ended April 3, 2009, compared to the three months ended March 28,
2008. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated
impact of key factors which resulted in the decrease in net operating revenues:

                                                             Percentage Change
                                                              2009 versus 2008

  Increase in concentrate sales volume                                       7 %
  Structural changes                                                        (2 )
  Price and product/geographic mix                                           2
  Impact of currency fluctuations versus the U.S. dollar                   (10 )

  Total percentage decrease                                                 (3 )%

Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" for a discussion of concentrate sales volume. Also included in concentrate sales volume is the impact of acquired beverage companies and the acquisition of trademarks.

"Structural changes" refers to acquisitions or dispositions of bottling, distribution or canning operations and consolidation or deconsolidation of bottling or distribution entities for accounting purposes. Structural changes accounted for approximately 2 percent of the decrease in net operating revenues for the three months ended April 3, 2009, versus the comparable period in the prior year. This decrease was primarily attributable to the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation.

Price and product/geographic mix increased net operating revenues by 2 percent for the three months ended April 3, 2009, versus the comparable period in the prior year. This increase was primarily due to favorable pricing and product/package mix across all of our operating segments.

The unfavorable impact of currency fluctuations decreased net operating revenues by 10 percent in the three months ended April 3, 2009, versus the comparable period in the prior year. The U.S. dollar strengthened against most key currencies including, but not limited to, the euro, Brazilian real, Mexican peso and South African rand. The fluctuations in these currencies unfavorably impacted the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America and Bottling Investments operating segments. The unfavorable


impact of fluctuations in the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the favorable impact of the U.S. dollar weakening against the Japanese yen, which favorably impacted the Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit margin decreased to 63.9 percent in the first quarter of 2009 from 64.4 percent in the first quarter of 2008. The decline in our gross profit margin was primarily attributable to foreign currency fluctuations, unfavorable product mix in certain key markets, the growth of our finished product operations and increases in the cost of raw materials. Generally, bottling and finished product operations produce higher net revenues but lower gross profit margins compared to concentrate and syrup operations. The unfavorable impact of the previously mentioned items was partially offset by the favorable impact that the sale of certain bottling operations in 2008 had on our gross profit margin. Bottling operations sold in 2008 included Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

    The following table sets forth the significant components of selling,
general and administrative expenses (in millions):

                                                        Three Months Ended
                                                        April 3,     March 28,
                                                            2009          2008

       Selling and advertising expenses                  $ 1,888       $ 2,054
       General and administrative expenses                   683           667
       Stock-based compensation expense                       53            75

       Selling, general and administrative expenses      $ 2,624       $ 2,796

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $172 million, or 6 percent for the three months ended April 3, 2009, compared to the three months . . .

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