MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
INTRODUCTION
Management's discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial
condition ("MD&A") is a supplement to the accompanying consolidated financial
statements and provides additional information on Time Warner Inc.'s ("Time
Warner" or the "Company") businesses, current developments, financial condition,
cash flows and results of operations. MD&A is organized as follows:
• Overview. This section provides a general description of Time Warner's
business segments, as well as recent developments the Company believes are
important in understanding the results of operations and financial condition
or in understanding anticipated future trends.
• Results of operations. This section provides an analysis of the Company's
results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009. This
analysis is presented on both a consolidated and a business segment basis.
In addition, a brief description is provided of significant transactions and
events that impact the comparability of the results being analyzed.
• Financial condition and liquidity. This section provides an analysis of the
Company's financial condition as of March 31, 2009 and cash flows for the
three months ended March 31, 2009.
• Caution concerning forward-looking statements. This section provides a
description of the use of forward-looking information appearing in this
report, including in MD&A and the consolidated financial statements. Such
information is based on management's current expectations about future
events, which are inherently susceptible to uncertainty and changes in
circumstances. Refer to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2008 (the "2008 Form 10-K") for a discussion of the
risk factors applicable to the Company.
On March 12, 2009, the Company completed the legal and structural separation
of Time Warner Cable Inc. ("TWC") from the Company. With the completion of the
separation, the Company disposed of the Cable segment in its entirety and ceased
to consolidate the financial condition and results of operations of TWC in its
consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the Company has presented the
financial condition and results of operations of the Cable segment as
discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements
for all periods presented.
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TIME WARNER INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION - (Continued)
OVERVIEW
Time Warner is a leading media and entertainment company, whose major
businesses encompass an array of the most respected and successful media brands.
Among the Company's brands are HBO, TNT, CNN, AOL, People, Sports Illustrated
and Time. The Company produces and distributes films through Warner Bros. and
New Line Cinema, including The Dark Knight, Gran Torino, The Curious Case of
Benjamin Button and the Harry Potter films, as well as television series,
including Two and a Half Men, The Mentalist, The Big Bang Theory, Gossip Girl
and The Closer. During the three months ended March 31, 2009, the Company
generated revenues of $6.945 billion (down 7% from $7.470 billion in 2008),
Operating Income of $1.198 billion (down 9% from $1.311 billion in 2008), Net
Income of $661 million (down 14% from $771 million in 2008) and Cash Provided by
Operations from Continuing Operations of $1.425 billion (down 12% from
$1.616 billion in 2008).
Impact of the Current Economic Environment
The current global economic recession has reduced the Company's visibility
into long-term business trends and has adversely affected its businesses in the
first quarter of 2009 and is currently expected to continue to adversely affect
them during the remainder of 2009. For example, during the first quarter of
2009, the Company's Advertising revenues declined 16% compared to the similar
period in the prior year. The Company currently expects Advertising revenues to
continue to decline during the remainder of 2009 as compared to the similar
period in 2008. Additionally, the current economic environment is adversely
affecting the Company's Content revenues due to, among other things, reduced
consumer spending on DVDs.
The significant losses in the market value of the Company's pension plan
assets in 2008 has resulted in an increase in pension expense of approximately
$30 million in the first quarter of 2009 and is expected to result in an
approximately $130 million increase in pension expense for the full year of
2009. Additionally, the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar relative to significant
foreign currencies to which the Company is exposed has negatively affected the
Company's revenues and Operating Income by approximately $240 million and
$70 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2009. If
exchange rates remain at levels similar to those in the first quarter of 2009,
the Company expects a continued negative impact on revenues and Operating Income
during the remainder of 2009.
The Company continues to have strong liquidity to meet its needs for the
foreseeable future. At March 31, 2009, the Company had $13.955 billion of unused
committed capacity, including cash and equivalents and a credit facility
containing commitments from a geographically diverse group of major financial
institutions. See "Financial Condition and Liquidity" for further details
regarding the Company's total committed capacity.
Time Warner Businesses
Time Warner classifies its operations into four reportable segments:
Networks, Filmed Entertainment, Publishing and AOL.
Time Warner evaluates the performance and operational strength of its
business segments based on several factors, of which the primary financial
measure is operating income before depreciation of tangible assets and
amortization of intangible assets ("Operating Income before Depreciation and
Amortization"). Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization eliminates
the uneven effects across all business segments of noncash depreciation of
tangible assets and amortization of certain intangible assets, primarily
intangible assets recognized in business combinations. Operating Income before
Depreciation and Amortization should be considered in addition to Operating
Income, as well as other measures of financial performance. Accordingly, the
discussion of the results of operations for each of Time Warner's business
segments includes both Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization and
Operating Income. For additional information regarding Time Warner's business
segments, refer to Note 11, "Segment Information."
Networks. Time Warner's Networks segment is comprised of Turner Broadcasting
System, Inc. ("Turner") and Home Box Office, Inc. ("HBO"). For the three months
ended March 31, 2009, the Networks segment generated revenues of $2.808 billion
(40% of the Company's overall revenues), $1.064 billion in Operating Income
before Depreciation and Amortization and $960 million in Operating Income.
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TIME WARNER INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION - (Continued)
The Turner networks - including such recognized brands as TNT, TBS, CNN,
Cartoon Network, truTV and HLN (formerly CNN Headline News) - are among the
leaders in advertising-supported cable TV networks. For seven consecutive years,
more primetime households have watched advertising-supported cable TV networks
than the national broadcast networks. The Turner networks generate revenues
principally from receipt of monthly subscriber fees paid by cable system
operators, satellite distribution services, telephone companies and other
distributors and from the sale of advertising. Key contributors to Turner's
success are its continued investments in high-quality programming focused on
sports, original and syndicated series, news, network movie premieres and
animation leading to strong ratings and revenue growth, as well as strong brands
and operating efficiencies.
HBO operates the HBO and Cinemax multichannel premium pay television
programming services, with the HBO service ranking as the nation's most widely
distributed premium pay television service. HBO generates revenues principally
from monthly subscriber fees from cable system operators, satellite distribution
services, telephone companies and other distributors. An additional source of
revenues is the sale of its original programming, including Sex and the City,
The Sopranos, Entourage, Rome and True Blood.
The Company's Networks segment recently has focused on international
expansion, including Turner's fourth quarter 2007 acquisition of seven pay
networks operating principally in Latin America and HBO's acquisitions of
additional equity interests in HBO Asia and HBO South Asia during the fourth
quarter of 2007 and first quarter of 2008, as well as the acquisition of an
additional equity interest in the HBO Latin America Group, consisting of HBO
Brasil, HBO Olé and HBO Latin America Production Services (collectively, "HBO
LAG"), during the fourth quarter of 2008. These acquired businesses contributed
revenues and Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization of
$119 million and $35 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31,
2009 compared to $36 million and $3 million, respectively, for the three months
ended March 31, 2008. In addition, during the first quarter of 2009, Turner
launched two new networks in India. The Company anticipates that international
expansion will continue to be an area of focus at the Networks segment for the
foreseeable future.
Filmed Entertainment. Time Warner's Filmed Entertainment segment is comprised
of Warner Bros. Entertainment Group ("Warner Bros."), one of the world's leading
studios, and New Line Cinema Corporation ("New Line"). For the three months
ended March 31, 2009, the Filmed Entertainment segment generated revenues of
$2.633 billion (36% of the Company's overall revenues), $308 million in
Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization and $214 million in
Operating Income.
The Filmed Entertainment segment has diversified sources of revenues within
its film and television businesses, including an extensive film library and a
global distribution infrastructure, which have helped it to deliver consistent
long-term operating performance. To increase operational efficiencies and
maximize performance within the Filmed Entertainment segment, in 2008 the
Company reorganized the New Line business to be operated as a unit of Warner
Bros. while maintaining separate development, production and other operations,
and the Company incurred restructuring charges primarily related to involuntary
employee terminations in connection with the reorganization. Beginning in the
first quarter of 2009, Warner Bros. commenced a significant restructuring,
primarily consisting of headcount reductions and the outsourcing of certain
functions to an external service provider. As a result, the Company incurred
restructuring charges of $37 million during the three months ended March 31,
2009 and expects to incur additional restructuring charges ranging from
$40 million to $60 million during the remainder of 2009.
Warner Bros. continues to be an industry leader in the television business.
For the 2008-2009 broadcast season, Warner Bros. produced more than 20 primetime
series, with at least one series airing on each of the five broadcast networks
(including Two and a Half Men, The Mentalist, The Big Bang Theory, Gossip Girl,
ER and Smallville), as well as original series for several cable networks
(including The Closer and Nip/Tuck).
The Screen Actors Guild ("SAG"), which covers performers in feature films and
filmed television programs, and the producers of such content, including the
Company's Filmed Entertainment and Networks segments, have been working under
contracts that expired on June 30, 2008. The producers and SAG have reached a
tentative agreement, which, as of April 28, 2009, has not been ratified by SAG's
membership. In the event the agreement is not ratified or SAG goes on strike, it
could cause delays in the production of feature films and television programs,
as well as higher costs resulting either from the strike or less favorable terms
contained in a future agreement.
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TIME WARNER INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION - (Continued)
The sale of DVDs has been one of the largest drivers of the segment's profit
over the last several years. The industry and the Company experienced a decline
in DVD sales in 2008 and the first quarter of 2009 as growing consumer interest
in high definition Blu-ray DVDs only partially offset softening consumer demand
for standard definition DVDs. Also contributing to the overall decline in DVD
sales are several factors, including the general economic downturn in the U.S.
and many regions around the world, increasing competition for consumer
discretionary time and spending, piracy and the maturation of the standard
definition DVD format.
Piracy, including physical piracy as well as illegal online file-sharing,
continues to be a significant issue for the filmed entertainment industry. Due
to technological advances, piracy has expanded from music to movies, television
programming and interactive games. The Company has taken a variety of actions to
combat piracy over the last several years, including the launch of new services
for consumers at competitive price points, aggressive online and customs
enforcement, compressed release windows and educational campaigns, and will
continue to do so, both individually and together with cross-industry groups,
trade associations and strategic partners.
The Company enters into co-financing arrangements with other companies as a
way of securing funding for its films and mitigating risk. During 2008, one of
the Company's largest co-financing partners informed the Company that
difficulties in the credit markets had led to a delay in securing the financing
necessary to fund the partner's 50% share (approximately $120 million) of the
production costs on four films released during the second half of 2008. As a
result, the Company has accounted for these four films in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements as if they were wholly owned. The Company is
unsure whether this co-financing partner will ultimately secure the funding for
amounts due on these four 2008 productions or the funding it had committed for
films slated for release in 2009, and the difficulties in the credit market may
also reduce the Company's ability to attract other financial partners to
co-finance its films. These or similar difficulties relating to co-financing
arrangements may continue for the remainder of 2009 and in future periods. As a
result, the Company may have to provide more funding for film production costs
than it has in the past and may have to take on additional risk that it would
have otherwise sought to mitigate with a co-financing arrangement.
Publishing. Time Warner's Publishing segment consists principally of magazine
publishing and related websites as well as a number of direct-marketing and
direct-selling businesses. For the three months ended March 31, 2009, the
Publishing segment generated revenues of $806 million (12% of the Company's
overall revenues) and had $12 million in Operating Income before Depreciation
and Amortization and an Operating Loss of $32 million.
As of March 31, 2009, Time Inc. published 23 magazines in the U.S., including
People, Sports Illustrated, Time, InStyle, Real Simple, Southern Living and
Fortune, and over 90 magazines outside the U.S., primarily through IPC Media
("IPC") in the U.K. and Grupo Editorial Expansión ("GEE") in Mexico. The
Publishing segment generates revenues primarily from advertising (including
advertising on digital properties), magazine subscriptions and newsstand sales.
Time Inc. also owns the magazine subscription marketer, Synapse Group, Inc.
("Synapse"), and the school and youth group fundraising company QSP, Inc. and
its Canadian affiliate, Quality Service Programs Inc. (collectively, "QSP").
Advertising sales at the Publishing segment, particularly print advertising
sales, continue to be significantly adversely affected by the current economic
environment as evidenced by their continuing decline during the first quarter of
2009. Online advertising sales at the Publishing segment have also been
adversely affected by the current economic environment, although, on a
percentage basis, to a lesser degree than print advertising sales. Time Inc.
continues to develop digital content, including the relaunch of RealSimple.com
and the expansion of Time.com, as well as the expansion of digital properties
owned by IPC and GEE. For the three months ended March 31, 2009, online
Advertising revenues were 12% of Time Inc.'s total Advertising revenues,
compared to 10% for the three months ended March 31, 2008. Time Inc.'s
direct-selling division, Southern Living At Home, which is held for sale, sells
home decor products through independent consultants at parties hosted in
people's homes throughout the U.S.
AOL. AOL LLC (together with its subsidiaries, "AOL") operates a Global Web
Services business, which is comprised of its Platform-A, MediaGlow and People
Networks business units. Platform-A sells advertising services worldwide on both
the AOL Network and third-party Internet sites, referred to as the "Third Party
Network." MediaGlow and People Networks develop and operate the AOL Network,
which includes a leading network of web brands, free client software and
services and a social media network for Internet consumers. In addition, through
its Access Services business, AOL operates one of the largest Internet access
subscription services in the United States. As of March 31, 2009, AOL had
6.3 million AOL brand subscribers in the U.S., which does not include
registrations for free AOL services. For the three months ended March 31, 2009,
AOL generated revenues of $867 million (12% of the Company's overall revenues)
and had $255 million in Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization
and $150 million in Operating Income.
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TIME WARNER INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION - (Continued)
AOL's business is focused on attracting and engaging Internet consumers and
providing advertising services on both the AOL Network and the Third Party
Network. In addition to growing its Global Web Services business, AOL is focused
on managing costs in this business, as well as managing its declining subscriber
base and related cost structure in its Access Services business. In the first
quarter of 2009, in an effort to better position its Global Web Services
business, AOL undertook a significant restructuring. As a result, for the three
months ended March 31, 2009, the Company incurred restructuring charges of
$58 million primarily related to involuntary employee terminations and facility
closures, and currently expects to incur up to an additional $90 million in
restructuring charges during the remainder of 2009.
During 2008, the Company announced that it had begun separating the AOL
Access Services and Global Web Services businesses, as a means of enhancing the
operational focus and strategic options available for each of these businesses.
The Company continues to review its strategic alternatives with respect to AOL.
Although the Company's Board of Directors has not made any decision, the Company
currently anticipates that it would initiate a process to spin off one or more
parts of the businesses of AOL to Time Warner's stockholders, in one or a series
of transactions. Based on the results of the Company's review, future market
conditions or the availability of more favorable strategic opportunities that
may arise before a transaction is completed, the Company may decide to pursue an
alternative other than a spin-off with respect to either or both of AOL's
businesses.
The Platform-A business unit sells advertising services worldwide on both the
AOL Network and the Third Party Network and licenses ad-serving technology to
third-party websites. Platform-A offers to advertisers a range of capabilities
and solutions, including optimization and targeting technologies, to deliver
more effective advertising and reach specific audiences across the AOL Network
and the Third Party Network.
The MediaGlow and People Networks business units develop and operate
websites, applications and services that are part of the AOL Network. In
addition, AOL's Products and Technologies group develops and operates components
of the AOL Network, such as e-mail, toolbar and search. The AOL Network consists
of a variety of websites, related applications and services that can be accessed
generally via the Internet or via AOL's Access Services business. Specifically,
the AOL Network includes owned and operated websites, applications and services
such as AOL.com, e-mail, MapQuest, Moviefone, Engadget, Asylum, international
versions of the AOL portal and social media properties such as AIM, ICQ and
Bebo. The AOL Network also includes TMZ.com, a joint venture with Telepictures
Productions, Inc. (a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.), as well as
other co-branded websites owned by third parties for which certain criteria have
been met, including that the Internet traffic has been assigned to AOL.
During the first quarter of 2009, AOL's Advertising revenues were negatively
affected by weakening global economic conditions, which contributed to lower
demand from a number of advertiser categories, a deterioration in the financial
position of certain significant customers and downward pricing pressure on
advertising inventory, as well as an overall increase in marketplace
competition, an increased volume of inventory monetized through lower-priced
sales channels and other sales execution issues. During the remainder of 2009,
the Company anticipates that these factors and trends may continue to negatively
affect AOL's Advertising revenues. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2009,
AOL made a number of organizational and personnel changes, including hiring a
new chief executive officer and changing the leadership within its Platform-A
business unit.
The AOL Network and Third Party Network components of the Global Web Services
business have differing cost structures. Third Party Network advertising has
historically had higher traffic acquisition costs ("TAC") and, therefore, lower
incremental margins than display advertising. As a result, a period-over-period
increase or decrease in aggregate Advertising revenues will not necessarily
translate into a similar increase or decrease in Operating Income before
Depreciation and Amortization attributable to AOL's advertising activities.
Paid-search advertising activities on the AOL Network are conducted primarily
through AOL's strategic relationship with Google Inc. ("Google"). In connection
with the expansion of this strategic relationship in April 2006, Google acquired
a 5% interest in AOL, and, as a result, 95% of the equity interests in AOL are
indirectly held by the Company and 5% are indirectly held by Google. As part of
the April 2006 transaction, Google received certain registration rights relating
to its equity interest in AOL. In late January 2009, Google exercised its right
to request that AOL register Google's 5% equity interest for sale in an initial
public offering. Time Warner has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase
Google's equity interest for cash or shares of Time Warner common stock based on
the appraised fair market value of the equity interest in
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TIME WARNER INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION - (Continued)
lieu of conducting an initial public offering. The Company is in discussions
with Google and has notified Google of its intention to purchase the 5% equity
interest.
AOL's Access Services business offers an online subscription service to
consumers that includes dial-up Internet access. AOL continued to experience
declines during the first quarter of 2009 in the number of its U.S. subscribers
and related revenues, due primarily to AOL's decisions to focus on its
advertising business and offer most of its services (other than Internet access)
for free to support the advertising business, AOL's significant reduction of
subscriber acquisition and retention efforts, and the industry-wide decline of
the dial-up ISP business and growth in the broadband Internet access business.
U.S. subscribers declined 0.6 million in each of the three-month periods ended
March 31, 2009 and 2008. The decline in subscribers has had an adverse impact on
AOL's Subscription revenues, and the Company expects the total number of
subscribers to continue to decline. AOL's Advertising revenues associated with
the AOL Network, in large part, are generated from the activity of current and
former AOL subscribers. Therefore, the decline in subscribers also could have an
adverse impact on AOL's Advertising revenues generated on the AOL Network to the
extent that subscribers canceling their subscriptions do not maintain their
relationship with and usage of the AOL Network.
Recent Developments
TWC Separation from Time Warner and Reverse Stock Split of Time Warner Common
Stock
On March 12, 2009 (the "Distribution Record Date"), the Company disposed of
all of its shares of TWC common stock. The disposition was made pursuant to a
separation agreement entered into on May 20, 2008, among Time Warner, TWC and
certain of their subsidiaries (the "Separation Agreement") for the purpose of
achieving the legal and structural separation of TWC from Time Warner (the "TWC
Separation"). The TWC Separation was effected as a pro rata dividend of all
shares of TWC common stock held by Time Warner in a spin-off (the
"Distribution") to Time Warner stockholders.
Prior to the Distribution Record Date, on March 12, 2009, TWC, in accordance
with the terms of the Separation Agreement, paid a special cash dividend of
$10.27 per share to all holders of TWC Class A Common Stock and TWC Class B
Common Stock as of the close of business on March 11, 2009 (aggregating
$10.856 billion) (the "Special Dividend") that resulted in the receipt by Time
Warner of $9.253 billion.
With the completion of the TWC Separation, the Company disposed of the Cable
segment in its entirety. Accordingly, the Company has presented the financial
condition and results of operations of the Cable segment as discontinued
operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all periods
presented.
In connection with the TWC Separation, the Company implemented a 1-for-3
reverse stock split on March 27, 2009.
In addition, in connection with the TWC Separation, and as provided for in
the Company's equity plans, the number of stock options, restricted stock units
("RSUs") and target performance stock units ("PSUs") outstanding at the
Distribution Record Date and the exercise prices of such stock options were
adjusted to maintain the fair value of those awards. The changes in the number
of equity awards and the exercise prices were determined by comparing the fair
value of such awards immediately prior to the TWC Separation to the fair value
of such awards immediately after the TWC Separation. Accordingly, each equity
. . .