Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
Cautionary Statements About Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements which may be identified by their
use of words like "plans," "expects," "will," "anticipates," "intends,"
"projects," "estimates" or other words of similar meaning. All statements that
address expectations or projections about the future, including statements about
the company's strategy for growth, product development, market position,
expenditures and financial results, are forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and expectations of
future events. The company cannot guarantee that these assumptions and
expectations are accurate or will be realized. For some of the important factors
that could cause the company's actual results to differ materially from those
projected in any such forward-looking statements see the Risk Factors discussion
set forth under Part II, Item 1A beginning on page 35. Additional risks and
uncertainties not presently known to the company or that the company currently
believes to be immaterial also could affect its businesses.
Results of Operations
Overview
The company's financial results for the first quarter of 2009 reflect an ongoing
severe global economic recession, characterized by extraordinary decreases in
demand with inventory destocking in most supply chains. Of the major markets
served by DuPont, only agriculture continues to show growth. As a result, sales
for the first quarter 2009 were 20 percent below the prior year, with volumes
declining 19 percent. Net income attributable to DuPont ("earnings") declined
59 percent versus prior year largely attributable to the decline in sales
volume. The company has made cash generation its top priority to maintain its
financial strength. This has included intensifying working relationships with
customers, striving for efficiencies via cost cutting and productivity
improvements, reducing working capital, and trimming capital expenditures. The
company is continuing to support future growth in areas such as agriculture,
protective materials, applied bio-sciences and photovoltaics and is aligning
capital spending with the level of demand in other businesses.
Net Sales
Net sales for the first quarter 2009 were $6.9 billion versus $8.6 billion in
the prior year, down 20 percent, reflecting 19 percent lower sales volume and a
1 percent net reduction from portfolio changes. A 5 percent increase in local
selling prices was offset by a 5 percent reduction from currency exchange.
Higher local selling prices principally reflect higher prices for seeds and
other value-in-use products. The global economic recession had a significant
negative impact on the company's sales volumes in all regions. Volumes outside
the United States declined 23 percent, reflecting lower overall demand
particularly for products related to motor vehicle production and construction.
Volumes were 14 percent lower in the United States as higher Agriculture &
Nutrition volumes partially offset significantly lower volumes in the other
segments.
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, Continued
The table below shows a regional breakdown of net sales based on location of
customers and percentage variances from the prior year:
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2009 Percent Change Due to:
2009
Net Sales Percent Local Currency
($ Billions) Change vs. 2008 Price Effect Volume Portfolio
U.S. $ 3.1 (9 ) 6 - (14 ) (1 )
Europe, Middle East &
Africa 2.1 (28 ) 3 (11 ) (20 ) -
Asia Pacific 0.9 (28 ) 5 (1 ) (31 ) (1 )
Canada & Latin America 0.8 (22 ) 9 (11 ) (19 ) (1 )
Total Consolidated
Sales $ 6.9 (20 ) 5 (5 ) (19 ) (1 )
|
Other Income, Net
First quarter 2009 other income, net, totaled $399 million as compared to
$195 million in the prior year, an increase of $204 million. The increase is
largely attributable to increases of $184 million in net pre-tax exchange gains.
Additional information related to the company's other income, net, is included
in Note 4 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cost of Goods Sold and Other Operating Charges (COGS)
COGS totaled $5.2 billion in the first quarter 2009 versus $6.0 billion in the
prior year, a decrease of 13 percent, principally reflecting lower sales volume.
COGS as a percent of net sales was 75 percent versus 69 percent for the first
quarter 2008. The 6 percentage point increase reflects significantly lower
capacity utilization, with modest increases in raw material, energy and freight
costs, and unfavorable currency impact on sales.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A)
SG&A totaled $907 million for the first quarter 2009 versus $934 million in the
prior year. The decrease in SG&A was primarily due to strict cost controls in
response to weak market conditions. The decrease was partially offset by
increased global commissions and selling and marketing investments related to
the company's seed products. SG&A was approximately 13 percent of net sales for
the three-month period in 2009 and 11 percent in 2008.
Research and Development Expense (R&D)
R&D totaled $323 million and $330 million for the first quarter 2009 and 2008,
respectively. R&D was approximately 5 percent of net sales for the three-month
period in 2009 and 4 percent in 2008.
Interest Expense
Interest expense totaled $106 million in the first quarter 2009 compared to
$80 million in 2008. The increase in interest expense is due primarily to higher
average gross debt.
Provision for Income Taxes
The company's effective tax rate for the first quarter 2009 was 34.7 percent as
compared to 18.6 percent in 2008. The higher effective tax rate in 2009 versus
2008 principally relates to the impact of tax associated with the company's
policy of hedging the foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and
liabilities of its operations.
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, Continued
Net Income Attributable to DuPont
Earnings for the first quarter of 2009 were $488 million versus $1,191 million
in the first quarter 2008, a 59 percent decrease. The decrease in earnings
principally results from lower sales volume, higher pension costs, and
unfavorable currency impacts. Partly offsetting these factors were benefits from
cost reduction productivity measures.
Corporate Outlook
The company's 2009 earnings outlook has been revised downward to a range of
$1.70 to $2.10 per share. The revision anticipates that weak demand across key
markets will continue throughout 2009. While favorable conditions in global
agriculture markets and the benefit of cost reductions and lower raw material
costs are expected, the protracted recessionary environment and the impact of
currency are expected to limit the company's revenue growth. DuPont will
continue aggressive actions to reduce costs and capital expenditures, in
addition to maintaining an appropriate level of investment for high-growth,
high-margin businesses including seed products and photovoltaics. The company
has increased its full-year fixed cost reduction goal from $730 million to
$1 billion, targeting savings from cost reduction and productivity projects, and
developing plans for additional restructuring actions expected to be finalized
and approved in the second quarter. The company also reduced its planned 2009
capital expenditures to $1.4 billion, and reaffirmed its $1.0 billion
improvement goal for working capital reduction projects currently underway.
Accounting Standards Issued Not Yet Adopted
See Note 1 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of
recent accounting pronouncements.
Segment Reviews
Summarized below are comments on individual segment sales and pre-tax operating
income/loss (PTOI) for the three-month period ended March 31, 2009 compared with
the same period in 2008. Segment sales include transfers. Segment PTOI is
defined as operating income/loss before income taxes, noncontrolling interests,
exchange gains/losses, corporate expenses and net interest.
Agriculture & Nutrition - First quarter 2009 sales of $3.1 billion were
6 percent higher, reflecting 5 percent higher USD selling prices, and 1 percent
volume growth. The higher USD selling prices reflect significantly higher local
selling prices, partially offset by unfavorable currency impacts across all
regions. The volume growth was driven by higher corn and soybean seed sales in
North America and higher corn seed sales in Europe reflecting anticipated market
share gains in both regions, and strong demand for insecticides and soybean
herbicides in North America. The volume growth was partially offset by lower
corn seed sales in Latin America due to a decrease in planted corn acreage and
lower sales of fungicides and soy protein products. PTOI for the first quarter
of $852 million increased 8 percent, primarily due to the increase in sales and
higher value product mix partially offset by significant unfavorable currency
impacts.
Coatings & Color Technologies - First quarter 2009 sales of $1.2 billion were
down 30 percent, reflecting 29 percent decrease in volume and 1 percent lower
USD selling prices. The decline in volume reflects lower sales of products due
to fewer motor vehicles builds, and decreased demand for refinish and titanium
dioxide products as supply chains destocked in response to the global economic
recession. The lower USD selling prices reflect unfavorable currency impacts,
partially offset by higher local selling prices. First quarter 2009 PTOI was a
loss of $19 million compared to income of $190 million in the first quarter
2008. The decrease in PTOI was mainly due to lower volumes and charges
associated with low capacity utilization of production units, partially offset
by fixed costs productivity improvements.
Electronic & Communication Technologies - Sales in the first quarter of
$696 million decreased 32 percent, reflecting a 31 percent decline in volume and
1 percent lower USD selling prices. The decreased volume is directly related to
the current economic recession and reflects lower demand for
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, Continued
products across all regions and markets. The lower USD selling prices were
mainly driven by unfavorable currency impacts. First quarter 2009 PTOI was a
loss of $54 million compared to income of $175 million in the first quarter
2008, driven by lower volumes and charges associated with low capacity
utilization of production units, partially offset by improvements in fixed costs
productivity.
Performance Materials - First quarter sales of $942 million were down
45 percent, reflecting a 39 percent decline in volume, 3 percent lower USD
selling prices, and 3 percent decrease from portfolio changes. The decrease in
volume mainly reflects the effect of the global economic recession and
destocking of downstream inventory channels. Volume also continued to be
impacted by plant shutdowns that followed Hurricanes Gustav and Ike. During the
quarter, repair work associated with these shutdowns was largely completed and
all production units returned to operation. The lower USD selling prices reflect
a significantly weaker sales mix driven by the destocking process and
unfavorable currency impacts. First quarter 2009 PTOI was a loss of $146 million
compared to income of $219 million in the first quarter 2008. The decline in
PTOI was driven by decreased sales volume, the impact of lower margins on sales
of inventory manufactured or acquired in 2008, and charges associated with low
capacity utilization of production units, partially offset by improved fixed
costs productivity.
Safety & Protection - Sales in the first quarter of $1 billion decreased
24 percent, reflecting an 18 percent decline in volume, 5 percent lower USD
selling prices and a 1 percent decrease due to portfolio changes. The lower
volume reflects decreased demand for products in motor vehicle, industrial and
residential construction markets as customers reduced inventories in response to
the economic recession. The lower USD selling prices were mainly driven by
unfavorable currency impacts and lower local selling prices for some industrial
chemicals products due to contractual pass-through of raw material price
declines. First quarter 2009 PTOI was $72 million, a decrease of 74 percent,
primarily due to the impact of lower volumes and charges associated with low
capacity utilization of production units.
Pharmaceuticals - First quarter 2009 PTOI was $252 million compared to
$235 million in the first quarter 2008.
Other - The company includes embryonic businesses not included in growth
platforms, such as applied biosciences and nonaligned businesses in Other. Sales
in the first quarter 2009 of $28 million decreased 30 percent from the first
quarter 2008. PTOI for the first quarter 2009 was a loss of $44 million compared
to a loss of $26 million in the first quarter 2008.
Liquidity & Capital Resources
Despite the global economic recession and adverse conditions in the global
capital markets, management believes the company's ability to generate cash from
operations, coupled with cost reduction initiatives and access to capital
markets, will be adequate to meet anticipated cash requirements to fund working
capital, capital spending, dividend payments, debt maturities and other cash
needs. The company's liquidity needs can be met through a variety of sources,
including: cash provided by operating activities, cash and cash equivalents,
marketable securities, commercial paper, syndicated credit lines, bilateral
credit lines, equity and long-term debt markets and asset sales. The company's
current strong financial position, liquidity and credit ratings have not been
materially impacted by the current credit environment. In addition, cash
generating actions have been implemented including spending reductions and
restructuring to better align capital expenditures and costs with anticipated
continuing lower global demand. However, there can be no assurance that the cost
or availability of future borrowings will not be impacted by the ongoing credit
market instability. The company will continue to monitor the financial markets
in order to respond to changing conditions.
Pursuant to its cash discipline policy, the company seeks first to maintain a
strong balance sheet and second, to return excess cash to shareholders unless
the opportunity to invest for growth is compelling. Cash and cash equivalents
and marketable securities balances of $2.4 billion as of March 31, 2009, provide
primary liquidity to support all short-term obligations. The company has access
to approximately $2.6 billion in credit lines with several major financial
institutions, as additional support to meet short term liquidity needs. These
credit lines are primarily multi-year facilities.
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, Continued
The company continually reviews its debt portfolio and occasionally may
rebalance it to ensure adequate liquidity and an optimum debt maturity schedule.
Cash used for operating activities was $832 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2009 compared to $951 million during the same period ended in 2008.
The $119 million decrease is primarily due to working capital reductions,
including a $1.1 billion decrease in the change in inventory levels, partially
offset by lower earnings in 2009.
Cash used for investing activities was $393 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2009 compared to $520 million for the same period last year. The
$127 million decrease was mainly due to lower capital expenditures and the
impact of a strengthening U.S. dollar on forward exchange contract settlements.
Purchases of property, plant and equipment (PP&E) for the three months ended
March 31, 2009 totaled $358 million, a reduction of $52 million compared to the
prior year.
Cash provided by financing activities was $20 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2009 compared to $1,262 million in the prior year. The $1.2 billion
reduction was primarily due to a decrease in the net proceeds from borrowings.
Dividends paid to shareholders during the three months ended March 31, 2009
totaled $375 million. In April 2009, the company's Board of Directors declared a
second quarter common stock dividend of $0.41 per share. The second quarter
dividend was the company's 419th consecutive quarterly dividend since the
company's first dividend in the fourth quarter 1904.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities were $2.4 billion at
March 31, 2009, a decrease of $1.3 billion from $3.7 billion at December 31,
2008. The decrease in cash combined with cash generated from proceeds from
borrowings and earnings were mainly used to fund working capital, capital
projects and dividend needs.
Debt
Total debt at March 31, 2009 was $10.1 billion, an increase of $0.4 billion from
the $9.7 billion at December 31, 2008. The proceeds from the increased
borrowings along with earnings and cash were primarily used to fund normal
seasonal working capital needs, principally in the Agriculture & Nutrition
segment as well as capital projects and dividends.
Guarantees and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
For detailed information related to Guarantees, Indemnifications, Obligations
for Equity Affiliates and Others, Certain Derivative Instruments, and Master
Operating Leases, see pages 36 - 37 to the company's 2008 Annual Report, and
Note 10 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
Contractual Obligations
Information related to the company's contractual obligations at December 31,
2008 can be found on page 38 of the company's 2008 Annual Report.
PFOA
DuPont manufactures fluoropolymer resins and dispersions as well as
fluorotelomers, marketing many of them under the Teflon ® and Zonyl ® brands.
The fluoropolymer resins and dispersions businesses are part of the Electronic &
Communication Technologies segment; the fluorotelomers business is part of the
Safety & Protection segment.
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, Continued
Fluoropolymer resins and dispersions are high-performance materials with many
end uses including architectural fabrics, telecommunications and electronic
wiring insulation, automotive fuel systems, computer chip processing equipment,
weather-resistant/breathable apparel and non-stick cookware. Fluorotelomers are
used to make soil, stain and grease repellants for paper, apparel, upholstery
and carpets as well as firefighting foams and coatings.
A form of PFOA (collectively, perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts, including
the ammonium salt) is used as a processing agent to manufacture fluoropolymer
resins and dispersions. For over 50 years, DuPont purchased its PFOA needs from
a third party, but beginning in the fall of 2002, it began producing PFOA to
support the manufacture of fluoropolymer resins and dispersions. PFOA is not
used in the manufacture of fluorotelomers; however, it is an unintended
by-product present at trace levels in some fluorotelomer-based products.
DuPont Performance Elastomers, LLC (DPE) uses PFOA in the manufacture of raw
materials to manufacture Kalrez ® perfluoroelastomer parts. PFOA is also used in
the manufacture of some fluoroelastomers marketed by DPE under the Viton ®
trademark. The wholly owned subsidiary is a part of the Performance Materials
segment.
PFOA is bio-persistent and has been detected at very low levels in the blood of
the general population. As a result, the EPA initiated a process to enhance its
understanding of the sources of PFOA in the environment and the pathways through
which human exposure to PFOA is occurring. In 2005, the EPA issued a draft risk
assessment on PFOA stating that the cancer data for PFOA may be best described
as "suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity, but not sufficient to assess human
carcinogenic potential" under the EPA's Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk
Assessment. At EPA's request, the Science Advisory Board (SAB) reviewed and
commented on the scientific soundness of this assessment. In its May 2006
report, the SAB set forth the view, based on laboratory studies in rats, that
the human carcinogenic potential of PFOA is more consistent with the Guidelines'
descriptor of "likely to be carcinogenic." However, the report stated that
additional data should be considered before the EPA finalizes its risk
assessment of PFOA. The EPA has acknowledged that it will consider additional
data, including new research and testing, and has indicated that another SAB
review will be sought after the EPA makes its risk assessment. DuPont disputes
the cancer classification recommended in the SAB report. Although the EPA has
stated that there remains considerable scientific uncertainty regarding
potential risks associated with PFOA, it also stated that it does not believe
that there is any reason for consumers to stop using any products because of
concerns about PFOA.
DuPont respects the EPA's position raising questions about exposure routes and
the potential toxicity of PFOA and DuPont and other companies have outlined
plans to continue research, emission reduction and product stewardship
activities to help address the EPA's questions. In January 2006, DuPont pledged
its commitment to the EPA's 2010/15 PFOA Stewardship Program. The EPA program
asks participants (1) to commit to achieve, no later than 2010, a 95 percent
reduction in both facility emissions and product content levels of PFOA, PFOA
precursors and related higher homologue chemicals and (2) to commit to working
toward the elimination of PFOA, PFOA precursors and related higher homologue
chemicals from emissions and products by no later than 2015. In October 2008,
(for the year 2007), DuPont reported to the EPA that it had achieved a
98 percent reduction of PFOA emissions in U.S. manufacturing facilities. The
company achieved about a 97 percent reduction in global manufacturing emissions,
exceeding the EPA's 2010 objective. DuPont will work individually and with
others in the industry to inform EPA's regulatory counterparts in the European
Union, Canada, China and Japan about these activities and PFOA in general,
including emissions reductions from DuPont's facilities, reformulation of the
company's fluoropolymer dispersions and new manufacturing processes for
fluorotelomers products.
In February 2007, DuPont announced its commitment to no longer make, use or buy
PFOA by 2015, or sooner if possible. DuPont has developed PFOA replacement
technology and successfully used this technology in its global manufacturing
facilities to produce test materials for all major fluoropolymer
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, Continued
product lines. DuPont has begun to supply fluoropolymer products without PFOA to
customers for testing in their processes, and is working to obtain appropriate
regulatory approvals for this technology.
DuPont introduced in late 2006, EchelonTM technology which reduces the PFOA
content 99 percent in aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion products. DuPont has
converted customers representing over 95 percent of the sales volume for these
products line to newly formulated EchelonTM technology. In the first quarter
2008, DuPont introduced its next generation fluorotelomer products. The products
are marketed as DuPont™ Capstone™ products for use in home furnishings, fire
fighting foam, fluorosurfactants, textiles and leather goods. Additional
products will be introduced for paper packaging and other end use markets
pending appropriate regulatory approvals.
In January 2009, the EPA issued a national Provisional Health Advisory for PFOA
of 0.4 ppb in drinking water. In March 2009, EPA and DuPont entered an Order on
Consent under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) reflecting the advisory level
(see Note 10 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements).
In February 2007, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
(NJDEP) identified a preliminary drinking-water guidance level for PFOA of 0.04
ppb as part of the first phase of an ongoing process to establish a state
drinking-water standard. During the first quarter 2009, the NJDEP began the
process to establish a permanent Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for PFOA in
drinking water. The process is estimated to take 2 to 4 years. While the NJDEP
will continue sampling and evaluation of data from all sources, it has not
recommended a change in consumption patterns.
Occupational exposure to PFOA has been associated with small increases in some
lipids (e.g. cholesterol). These associations were also observed in a recent
community study. It is not known whether these are causal associations. Based on
health and toxicological studies, DuPont believes the weight of evidence
indicates that PFOA exposure does not pose a health risk to the general public.
To date, there are no human health effects known to be caused by PFOA, although
study of the chemical continues.
There have not been any regulatory or government actions that prohibit the
production or use of PFOA. However, there can be no assurance that the EPA or
any other regulatory entity or government body will not choose to regulate or
prohibit the production or use of PFOA in the future. Products currently
manufactured by the company representing approximately $1 billion of 2008
revenues could be affected by any such regulation or prohibition. DuPont has
established reserves in connection with certain PFOA environmental and
litigation matters (see Note 10 to the interim Consolidated Financial
Statements).