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PTSI > SEC Filings for PTSI > Form 10-K on 13-Mar-2009All Recent SEC Filings

Show all filings for PAM TRANSPORTATION SERVICES INC | Request a Trial to NEW EDGAR Online Pro

Form 10-K for PAM TRANSPORTATION SERVICES INC


13-Mar-2009

Annual Report


Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Business Overview

The Company's administrative headquarters are in Tontitown, Arkansas. From this location we manage operations conducted through our wholly owned subsidiaries based in various locations around the United States and Canada. The operations of these subsidiaries can generally be classified into either truckload services or brokerage and logistics services. Truckload services include those transportation services in which we utilize company owned trucks or owner-operator owned trucks. Brokerage and logistics services consist of services such as transportation scheduling, routing, mode selection, transloading and other value added services related to the transportation of freight which may or may not involve the usage of company owned or owner-operator owned equipment. Both our truckload operations and our brokerage/logistics operations have similar economic characteristics and are impacted by virtually the same economic factors as discussed elsewhere in this Report. All of the Company's operations are in the motor carrier segment.

For both operations, substantially all of our revenue is generated by transporting freight for customers and is predominantly affected by the rates per mile received from our customers, equipment utilization, and our percentage of non-compensated miles. These aspects of our business are carefully managed and efforts are continuously underway to achieve favorable results. Truckload services revenues, excluding fuel surcharges, represented 89.6%, 90.4%, and 87.8% of total revenues, excluding fuel surcharges for the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively.

The main factors that impact our profitability on the expense side are costs incurred in transporting freight for our customers. Currently, our most challenging costs include fuel, driver recruitment, training, wage and benefit costs, independent broker costs (which we record as purchased transportation), insurance, and maintenance and capital equipment costs.


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In discussing our results of operations we use revenue, before fuel surcharge, (and fuel expense, net of surcharge), because management believes that eliminating the impact of this sometimes volatile source of revenue allows a more consistent basis for comparing our results of operations from period to period. During 2008, 2007 and 2006, approximately $83.5 million, $57.1 million and $48.9 million, respectively, of the Company's total revenue was generated from fuel surcharges. We also discuss certain changes in our expenses as a percentage of revenue, before fuel surcharge, rather than absolute dollar changes. We do this because we believe the high variable cost nature of certain expenses makes a comparison of changes in expenses as a percentage of revenue more meaningful than absolute dollar changes.

Results of Operations - Truckload Services

The following table sets forth, for truckload services, the percentage relationship of expense items to operating revenues, before fuel surcharges, for the periods indicated. Fuel costs are shown net of fuel surcharges.

                                                      Years Ended December 31,
                                                    2008         2007        2006
      Operating revenues, before fuel surcharge      100.0 %      100.0 %     100.0 %
      Operating expenses:
        Salaries, wages and benefits                  42.1         42.0        40.6
        Fuel expense, net of fuel surcharge           19.9         18.2        16.0
        Rent and purchased transportation              3.2          2.5         1.7
        Depreciation and amortization                 12.9         12.2        11.0
        Goodwill impairment                            2.9          0.0         0.0
        Operating supplies and expenses               10.5          9.7         8.3
        Operating taxes and licenses                   5.5          5.5         5.3
        Insurance and claims                           5.5          5.5         5.3
        Communications and utilities                   1.0          0.9         0.8
        Other                                          1.7          2.0         1.6
        Loss on sale or disposal of property           0.3          0.0         0.0
      Total operating expenses                       105.5         98.5        90.6
      Operating (loss) income                         (5.5 )        1.5         9.4
      Non-operating (loss) income                     (1.7 )        0.5         0.1
      Interest expense                                (0.8 )       (0.7 )      (0.4 )
      (Loss) income before income taxes               (8.0 )%       1.3 %       9.1 %

2008 Compared to 2007

For the year ended December 31, 2008, truckload services revenue, before fuel surcharges, decreased 8.9% to $289.6 million as compared to $317.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The decrease relates primarily to a decrease in the number of trucks utilized during 2008 as compared to 2007 and to a decrease in equipment utilization for the periods compared. During 2008 the number of trucks utilized decreased to an average count of 1,993 units compared to 2,083 units during 2007 as the Company has reduced its fleet size in response to current freight demand. During 2008, the Company also experienced a decrease in the average number of miles traveled per unit each work day from 488 miles during 2007 to 454 miles during 2008. Partially offsetting these decreases in revenue was an increase in the average rate charged per total mile. During 2008, the average rate charged to customers per total mile increased by $0.02 as compared to the average rate charged during 2007.

Salaries, wages and benefits increased from 42.0% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, during 2007 to 42.1% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, during 2008, however, based on a dollar comparison, salaries, wages and benefits decreased from $133.5 million during 2007 to $121.9 million during 2008 as the number of driver compensated miles decreased from 246.8 million miles during 2007 to 221.4 million miles during 2008. The increase, as a percentage of revenues, resulted primarily from the fixed cost characteristics of wages which do not fluctuate with changes in revenue, such as general and administrative, maintenance, and operations wages. Partially offsetting the increase was a decrease in driver lease expense and a decrease in amounts recorded for employee health insurance expense. Driver lease expense, which is a component of salaries, wages and benefits,


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decreased from $7.8 million in 2007 to $6.2 million in 2008, as the average number of owner operators under contract decreased from 57 during 2007 to 44 during 2008. Employee health insurance expense decreased from $6.3 million in 2007 to $5.0 million in 2008 as a result of a decrease in the total number of covered employees and a decrease in the number and severity of health claims reported during 2008 as compared to 2007.

Fuel expense, net of fuel surcharge, increased from 18.2% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, during 2007 to 19.9% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, during 2008. On a dollar basis, fuel expense decreased from $57.8 million during 2007 to $57.5 million during 2008 as the number of gallons of diesel fuel purchased during 2008 were significantly lower than the number of gallons purchased during 2007 due to the decrease in miles traveled for the periods compared. The increase, as a percentage of revenue, was related to an increase in the average price paid per gallon of diesel fuel from $2.75 during 2007 to an average cost of $3.59 during 2008. Partially offsetting the increase related to the increase in average price paid per gallon of diesel fuel was an increase in amounts collected from customers in the form of fuel surcharges from an average of $1.24 per gallon of diesel fuel during 2007 to $1.98 per gallon during 2008. Fuel surcharge collections vary from period to period as they are generally based on changes in fuel prices from period to period so that during periods of rising fuel prices fuel surcharge collections increase while fuel surcharge collections decrease during periods of declining fuel prices.

Rent and purchased transportation increased from 2.5% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007 to 3.2% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2008. The increase relates primarily to an increase in amounts paid to third party transportation service providers for intermodal services.

Depreciation and amortization increased from 12.2% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007 to 12.9% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2008. The increase, as a percentage of revenue, relates primarily to the effect of lower revenues during 2008 as compared to 2007 and the fixed cost nature of depreciation expense. On a dollar basis, depreciation and amortization expense decreased from $38.7 million during 2007 to $37.5 million during 2008 as the average size of the Company-owned truck fleet decreased from 2,027 trucks during 2007 to 1,949 trucks during 2008.

Goodwill impairment was recorded during the Company's annual test of goodwill impairment as required by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The impairment of our goodwill was triggered by the sustained decline of our market capitalization caused by a decrease in our stock price during 2008. In the fourth quarter of 2008, we determined that our market capitalization compared to the carrying amount of the Company indicated that impairment was probable and that the second step of impairment testing was necessary. The second step of our impairment test required the calculation of the fair value of the Company and the subsequent allocation of the fair value to the assets and liabilities of the Company. The excess fair value after this allocation is performed represents the implied goodwill of the Company, if any, and was zero at December 31, 2008. As a result we incurred an impairment expense of $15.4 million which represented the entire balance of our goodwill.

Operating supplies and expenses increased from 9.7% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, during 2007 to 10.5% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, during 2008. The increase relates primarily to an increase in amounts paid for tolls, new tire amortization, driver layovers, and miscellaneous operations expense. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in amounts paid to third party driver training schools which the Company uses to recruit new truck drivers.

Operating taxes and licenses remained constant at 5.5% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, for both 2007 and 2008. On a dollar basis however, operating taxes and licenses, which consists primarily of fuel taxes, decreased from $17.5 million during 2007 to $15.9 million during 2008. Fuel tax expense is primarily affected by the number of gallons of diesel fuel purchased which is directly related to the number of miles traveled. During 2008, a decrease in the number of miles traveled to 221.4 million in 2008 from 246.8 million miles in 2007, resulted in a decrease in the number of diesel fuel gallons purchased.

Insurance and claims expense remained constant at 5.5% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, for both 2007 and 2008. On a dollar basis however, insurance and claims expense decreased from $17.6 million during 2007 to $16.0 million during 2008. The decrease relates primarily to a decrease in auto liability insurance premiums which


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are determined based on a negotiated rate-per-mile ("NRPM") with the Company's insurance carrier. During 2008, the number of miles used to calculate the premiums decreased to 221.4 million miles as compared to 2007 miles of 246.8 million and translated into a decrease in auto liability insurance expense. During October 2008, the Company's auto liability insurance policy was renewed at a rate which represented a 2.6% reduction in the NRPM and this lower rate-per-mile has also contributed to the dollar-based decrease for the periods compared.

Other expenses decreased from 2.0% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, during 2007 to 1.7% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, during 2008. The decrease relates primarily to a decrease in various expenses such as advertising, miscellaneous operating supplies, uncollectible revenue, and rents.

The truckload services division operating ratio, which measures the ratio of operating expenses, net of fuel surcharges, to operating revenues, before fuel surcharges, increased to 105.5% for 2008 from 98.5% for 2007.

Non-operating income and expenses increased from income of 0.5% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, during 2007 to expense of 1.7% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, during 2008. During 2008, certain of the Company's investments in marketable equity securities were determined by management to be other-than-temporarily impaired and were therefore written down to fair market value. The amount of the year-to-date write-downs approximated $5.2 million and was determined based on the difference between recorded cost and quoted market prices at the end of the period.

2007 Compared to 2006

For the year ended December 31, 2007, truckload services revenue, before fuel surcharges, increased 3.0% to $317.9 million as compared to $308.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to an 11.6% increase in the average size of the Company's truck fleet from 1,866 units in 2006 to 2,083 units in 2007. However, a 4.1% decrease in the average rate per total mile charged to customers from approximately $1.34 during 2006 to approximately $1.29 during 2007 and a decrease in the average daily miles traveled per unit from 509 miles in 2006 to 488 miles in 2007 partially offset revenue growth attributable to fleet growth.

Salaries, wages and benefits increased from 40.6% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2006 to 42.0% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007 which represents an increase from $125.4 million in 2006 to $133.5 million in 2007. The increase relates primarily to an increase in driver wages as the number of company driver compensated miles increased from 229.8 million miles in 2006 to 246.8 million miles in 2007. Also contributing to the increase was an increase in driver lease expense and amounts recorded for employee health insurance expense. Driver lease expense, which is a component of salaries, wages and benefits, increased from $6.2 million in 2006 to $7.8 million in 2007, as the average number of owner operators under contract increased from 45 during 2006 to 57 during 2007. Employee health insurance expense increased from $4.3 million in 2006 to $6.3 million in 2007 as a result of healthcare cost increases, in general, and to an increase in the number and severity of health claims reported during 2007 as compared to 2006. Partially offsetting the increases discussed above was a decrease in amounts accrued for employee bonus plans during 2007 as compared to 2006.

Fuel expense increased from 16.0% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2006 to 18.2% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007 which represents an increase from $49.4 million during 2006 to $57.8 million during 2007. The increase was primarily due to higher fuel prices as the average price paid per gallon of diesel fuel increased from $2.55 per gallon during 2006 to $2.76 per gallon during 2007. During periods of rising fuel prices the Company is often able to partially offset fuel cost increases through the use of fuel surcharges charged to customers. The Company collected fuel surcharges of approximately $47.8 million during 2006 compared to fuel surcharge collections of $56.4 million during 2007.

Rent and purchased transportation increased from 1.7% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2006 to 2.5% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007. The increase relates primarily to an increase in amounts paid to third party transportation service providers for intermodal services.


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Depreciation and amortization increased from 11.0% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2006 to 12.2% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007 representing an increase from $33.9 million during 2006 to $38.7 million during 2007. Depreciation expense increased primarily due to an increase in the average size of the Company-owned truck fleet from 1,820 trucks during 2006 to 2,027 trucks during 2007. To a lesser extent, a larger trailer fleet and higher new trailer prices also contributed to the increase.

Operating supplies and expenses increased from 8.3% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2006 to 9.7% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007. The increase relates primarily to an increase in amounts paid to third party driver training schools, driver layover pay, and for truck repairs expense.

Operating taxes and licenses increased from 5.3% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2006 to 5.5% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007. Operating taxes and licenses, which consists primarily of fuel taxes, increased from $16.4 million during 2006 to $17.5 million during 2007. Fuel tax expense is primarily affected by the number of gallons of diesel fuel purchased which is primarily a factor of the number of miles traveled and the miles-per-gallon ("mpg") achieved. During 2007, a decrease in the average mpg to 5.91 from an average mpg of 5.94 during 2006 combined with an increase in the number of miles traveled to 246.8 million in 2007 from 229.8 million miles in 2006, resulted in an increase in the number of diesel fuel gallons purchased.

Insurance and claims expense increased from 5.3% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2006 to 5.5% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007. The increase represents an increase from $16.4 million during 2006 to $17.6 million during 2007. The increase relates primarily to an increase in auto liability insurance premiums which are determined based on a negotiated rate-per-mile ("NRPM") with the Company's insurance carrier. During 2007, the number of miles used to calculate the premiums increased to 246.8 million miles from 229.8 million miles which translated into increased auto liability insurance expense. During October 2007 the Company's auto liability insurance policy was renewed at a rate which represented a 5.5% reduction in the NRPM and since that time this lower rate-per-mile has helped to partially offset the increase in auto liability insurance expense associated with the increase in miles traveled during 2007 as compared to 2006.

Other expenses increased from 1.6% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2006 to 2.0% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007. The increase relates primarily to an increase in amounts paid for outsourcing shop employees at the Company's terminals during 2007 as compared to 2006. Also contributing to the increase was a one-time expense accrual of approximately $300,000 during December 2007 to settle a 1986 environmental remediation claim in which the Company was found partly liable for remediation.

The truckload services division operating ratio, which measures the ratio of operating expenses, net of fuel surcharges, to operating revenues, before fuel surcharges, increased to 98.6% for 2007 from 90.6% for 2006.


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Results of Operations - Logistics and Brokerage Services

The following table sets forth, for logistics and brokerage services, the
percentage relationship of expense items to operating revenues, before fuel
surcharges, for the periods indicated. Brokerage service operations occur
specifically in certain divisions; however, brokerage operations occur
throughout the Company in similar operations having substantially similar
economic characteristics. Rent and purchased transportation, which includes
costs paid to third party carriers, are shown net of fuel surcharges.

                                                            Years Ended December 31,
                                                        2008           2007          2006
Operating revenues, before fuel surcharge                 100.0 %        100.0 %       100.0 %
Operating expenses:
  Salaries, wages and benefits                              6.2            6.3           5.0
  Fuel expense                                              0.0            0.0           0.0
  Rent and purchased transportation, net of fuel
surcharge                                                  89.5           88.9          88.3
  Depreciation and amortization                             0.0            0.0           0.0
  Goodwill impairment                                      20.6            0.0           0.0
  Operating supplies and expenses                           0.0            0.0           0.0
  Operating taxes and licenses                              0.0            0.0           0.0
  Insurance and claims                                      0.1            0.1           0.0
  Communications and utilities                              0.3            0.3           0.3
  Other                                                     1.0            2.1           1.4
  Loss on sale or disposal of property                      0.0            0.0           0.0
Total operating expenses                                  117.7           97.7          95.0
Operating (loss) income                                   (17.7 )          2.3           5.0
Non-operating (loss) income                                 0.0            0.0           0.0
Interest expense                                           (0.2 )         (0.4 )        (0.4 )
(Loss) income before income taxes                         (17.9 )%         1.9 %         4.6 %

2008 Compared to 2007

For the year ended December 31, 2008, logistics and brokerage services revenues, before fuel surcharges, decreased 0.2% to $33.7 million as compared to $33.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The decrease was primarily the result of a slight decrease in the number of loads brokered during 2008 as compared to 2007.

Rent and purchased transportation increased from 88.9% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007 to 89.5% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2008. The increase relates to an increase in amounts charged by third party logistics and brokerage service providers primarily as a result of higher fuel costs.

Goodwill impairment was discovered during the Company's annual test of goodwill impairment as required by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The impairment of our goodwill was triggered by the sustained decline of our market capitalization caused by a decrease in our stock price during 2008. In the fourth quarter of 2008, we determined that our market capitalization compared to the carrying amount of the Company indicated that impairment was probable and that the second step of impairment testing was necessary. The second step of our impairment test required the calculation of the fair value of the Company and the subsequent allocation of the fair value to the assets and liabilities of the Company. The excess fair value after this allocation is performed represents the implied goodwill of the Company, if any, and was zero at December 31, 2008. As a result we incurred an impairment expense of $15.4 million which represented the entire balance of our goodwill.

Other expenses decreased from 2.1% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, during 2007 to 1.0% of revenues, before fuel surcharges during 2008. The decrease relates to a decrease in non-compete amortization expense as the non-compete agreement with the former owner of East Coast Transport, LLC expired in January 2008.


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The logistics and brokerage services division operating ratio, which measures the ratio of operating expenses, net of fuel surcharges, to operating revenues, before fuel surcharges, increased to 117.7% for 2008 from 97.7% for 2007.

2007 Compared to 2006

For the year ended December 31, 2007, logistics and brokerage services revenues, before fuel surcharges, decreased 20.9% to $33.8 million as compared to $42.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The decrease was primarily the result of a 22.2% decrease in the number of loads brokered during 2007 as compared to 2006.

Rent and purchased transportation increased from 88.3% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2006 to 88.9% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007. The increase relates to an increase in amounts charged by third party logistics and brokerage service providers primarily as a result of higher fuel costs.

Other expenses increased from 1.4% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2006 to 2.1% of revenues, before fuel surcharges, in 2007. The increase relates primarily to an increase in amounts considered as uncollectible revenue during 2007 as compared to 2006.

The logistics and brokerage services division operating ratio, which measures the ratio of operating expenses, net of fuel surcharges, to operating revenues, before fuel surcharges, increased to 97.7% for 2007 from 95.0% for 2006.

Results of Operations - Combined Services

2008 Compared to 2007

Income tax benefit was approximately $10.6 million in 2008 resulting in an effective rate of 36.1%, as compared to income tax expense of approximately $2.0 million in 2007 which resulted in an effective rate of 42.6%. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to the existence of partially non-deductible meal and incidental expense per-diem payments to company drivers. These per-diem payments may cause a significant difference in the Company's effective tax rate from period-to-period as the proportion of non-deductible expenses to pre-tax net income increases or decreases.

We have determined, based on significant judgment, that a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets has not been necessary. Management evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets based upon negative and positive evidence available and, based on the evidence available at this time, management concludes that it is "more likely than not" that we will be able to realize the benefit of our deferred tax assets in the near future.

As of December 31, 2008, there were no unrecognized tax benefits and an adjustment to the Company's consolidated financial statements for uncertain tax positions was not required as management believes that the Company's significant tax positions taken in income tax returns filed or to be filed are supported by clear and unambiguous income tax laws.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. and Canadian federal income tax laws as well as the income tax laws of multiple state jurisdictions. The major tax jurisdictions in which we operate generally provide for a deficiency assessment statute of limitation period of three years and as a result, the Company's tax years 2005 through 2007 remain open to examination in those jurisdictions. During 2008, the Company has not recognized or accrued any interest or penalties related to uncertain income tax positions and does not believe it is reasonably possible that our unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change within the next twelve months.


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The combined net loss for all divisions was $18.8 million, or 5.8% of revenues, before fuel surcharge, for 2008 as compared to combined net income for all divisions of $2.7 million or 0.8% of revenues, before fuel surcharge, for 2007. The decrease in income combined with the effect of treasury stock repurchases resulted in a decrease in diluted earnings per share from $0.26 for 2007 to a diluted loss per share of $1.94 for 2008.

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