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| CHH > SEC Filings for CHH > Form 10-K on 2-Mar-2009 | All Recent SEC Filings |
2-Mar-2009
Annual Report
The following Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") is intended to help the reader understand Choice Hotels International, Inc. and its subsidiaries. MD&A is provided as a supplement to - and should be read in conjunction with - our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.
Overview
We are a hotel franchisor with franchise agreements representing 5,827 hotels open and 1,108 hotels under construction, awaiting conversion or approved for development as of December 31, 2008, with 472,526 rooms and 89,105 rooms, respectively, in 49 states, the District of Columbia and over 30 countries and territories outside the United States. Our brand names include Comfort Inn, Comfort Suites, Quality, Clarion, Ascend Collection, Sleep Inn, Econo Lodge, Rodeway Inn, MainStay Suites, Suburban Extended Stay Hotel and Cambria Suites (collectively, the "Choice brands").
The Company conducts its international franchise operations through a combination of direct franchising and master franchising relationships which allow the use of our brands by third parties in foreign countries. The Company has made equity investments in certain non-domestic lodging franchise companies that conduct franchise operations for the Choice brands under master franchising relationships. As a result of our use of master franchising relationships and international market conditions, total revenues from international franchising operations comprised only 8% and 7% of our total revenues in 2008 and 2007, respectively while representing approximately 19% and 20% of our franchise system hotels open at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
On January 31, 2008, the Company terminated the master franchise agreement with The Real Hotel Company PLC ("RHC") related to RHC's franchised hotels under the Choice brands in the United Kingdom. In conjunction with the termination of the master franchise agreement, the Company acquired RHC's franchise contracts under the master franchise agreement and commenced direct franchising operations in the United Kingdom on this date.
During 2006, the Company acquired 100% of the stock of Choice Hotels Franchise GmbH ("CHG"). CHG was a wholly owned subsidiary of one of the Company's master franchisees, RHC. Under the master franchise agreement with RHC, CHG franchised hotels under the Company's brands in Austria, Germany, Italy, Czech Republic and portions of Switzerland. As a result of this acquisition, the master franchise agreement between the Company and RHC covering these countries terminated. The results of CHG have been consolidated with the Company since October 30, 2006.
During 2006, the Company acquired RHC's assets, including franchise contracts, related to its franchising of hotels under the Company's brands in France, Belgium, Portugal, Spain and portions of Switzerland. As a result of this acquisition, the master franchise agreement between the Company and RHC covering these countries terminated and the Company commenced direct franchising operations in these countries on November 30, 2006.
These transactions enable Choice to continue its strategy of more closely directing the growth of our franchise operations throughout continental Europe and the United Kingdom.
Our Company generates revenues, income and cash flows primarily from initial and continuing royalty fees attributable to our franchise agreements. Revenues are also generated from procurement services vendor arrangements, hotel operations and other sources. The hotel industry is seasonal in nature. For most hotels, demand is lower in December through March than during the remainder of the year. Our principal source of revenues is franchise fees based on the gross room revenues of our franchised properties. The Company's franchise fee revenues and operating income reflect the industry's seasonality and historically have been lower in the first quarter than in the second, third or fourth quarters.
With a focus on hotel franchising instead of ownership, we benefit from the economies of scale inherent in the franchising business. The fee and cost structure of our business provides opportunities to improve operating results by increasing the number of franchised hotel rooms and effective royalty rates of our franchise contracts resulting in increased initial fee revenue; ongoing royalty fees and procurement services revenues. In addition, our operating results can also be improved through our company wide efforts related to improving property level performance. At December 31, 2008, the Company estimates that based on its current domestic portfolio of hotels under franchise that a 1% change in revenue per available room ("RevPAR") or rooms under franchise would increase or decrease royalty revenues by approximately $2.2 million and a 1 basis point change in the Company's effective royalty rate would increase or decrease domestic royalties by approximately $0.5 million. In addition to these revenues, we also collect marketing and reservation system fees to support centralized marketing and reservation activities for the franchise system. As a lodging franchisor, Choice currently has relatively low capital expenditure requirements.
The principal factors that affect the Company's results are: the number and relative mix of franchised hotel rooms; growth in the number of hotel rooms under franchise; occupancy and room rates achieved by the hotels under franchise; the effective royalty rate achieved; and our ability to manage costs. The number of rooms at franchised properties and occupancy and room rates at those properties significantly affect the Company's results because our fees are based upon room revenues at franchised hotels. The key industry standard for measuring hotel-operating performance is RevPAR, which is calculated by multiplying the percentage of occupied rooms by the average daily room rate realized. Our variable overhead costs associated with franchise system growth have historically been less than incremental royalty fees generated from new franchises. Accordingly, continued growth of our franchise business should enable us to realize benefits from the operating leverage in place and improve operating results.
We are contractually required by our franchise agreements to use the marketing and reservation system fees we collect for system-wide marketing and reservation activities. These expenditures, which include advertising costs and costs to maintain our central reservations system, help to enhance awareness and increase consumer preference for our brands. Greater awareness and preference promotes long-term growth in business delivery to our franchisees, which ultimately increases franchise fees earned by the Company.
Our Company articulates its mission as a commitment to our customers' profitability by providing our customers with hotel franchises that generate the highest return on investment of any hotel franchise. We have developed an operating system dedicated to our franchisees' success that focuses on delivering guests to our franchised hotels and reducing costs for our hotel owners.
We believe that executing our strategic priorities creates value. Our Company focuses on two key value drivers:
Profitable Growth. Our success is dependent on improving the performance of our hotels, increasing our system size by selling additional hotel franchises and effective royalty rate improvement. We attempt to improve our franchisees' revenues and overall profitability by providing a variety of products and services designed to increase business delivery to and/or reduce operating and development costs for our franchisees. These products and services include national marketing campaigns, a central reservation system, property and yield management systems, quality assurance standards and procurement services vendor relationships. We believe that healthy brands, which deliver a compelling return on investment for franchisees, will enable us to sell additional hotel franchises and raise royalty rates. We have established multiple brands that meet the needs of many types of guests, and can be developed at various price points and applied to both new and existing hotels. This ensures that we have brands suitable for creating growth in a variety of market conditions. Improving the performance of the hotels under franchise, growing the system through additional franchise sales and improving franchise agreement pricing while maintaining a disciplined cost structure are the keys to profitable growth.
Maximizing Financial Returns and Creating Value for Shareholders. Our capital allocation decisions, including capital structure and uses of capital, are intended to maximize our return on invested capital and create value for our shareholders. We believe our strong and predictable cash flows create a strong financial position that provides us a competitive advantage. Currently, our business does not require significant capital to operate and grow. Therefore, we can maintain a capital structure that generates high financial returns and use our excess cash flow to increase returns to our shareholders. Historically, we have returned value to our shareholders in two primary ways: share repurchases and dividends. In 1998, we instituted a share repurchase program which has generated substantial value for our shareholders. Through December 31, 2008, we have repurchased 40.8 million shares (including 33.0 million prior to the two-for-one stock split effected in October 2005) of common stock at a total cost of $950.6 million since the program's inception. Considering the effect of the two-for-one stock split, the Company has repurchased 73.8 million shares at an average price of $12.88 per share. On December 12, 2008, the board of directors authorized a five million share increase in the number of shares available for repurchase under the program. At December 31, 2008, the Company had remaining authorization to purchase up to 6.0 million shares under the current stock repurchase authorization of the board of directors. Upon
completion of the current authorization, our board of directors will evaluate the propriety of additional share repurchases. In 2008, we paid cash dividends totaling approximately $43.1 million and we presently expect to continue to pay dividends in the future. Based on our present dividend rate and outstanding share count, aggregate annual dividends for 2009 would be approximately $44.7 million.
Our board of directors has authorized us to enter into programs which permit us to offer investment, financing and guaranty support to qualified franchisees to incent multi-unit franchise development in top markets primarily for the Company's Cambria Suites and extended stay brands. Based on market and other conditions, we expect to deploy this capital opportunistically over the next several years. In addition to these programs, the Company expects to continue to return value to its shareholders through a combination of share repurchases and dividends, subject to market and other conditions.
We believe these value drivers, when properly implemented, will enhance our profitability, maximize our financial returns and continue to generate value for our shareholders. The ultimate measure of our success will be reflected in the items below.
Results of Operation: Royalty fees, operating income, net income and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") represent key measurements of these value drivers. In 2008, royalty fees revenue totaled approximately $247.4 million, a 5% increase compared to 2007. Operating income totaled $174.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, a 6% decline from 2007. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2008 declined $11.1 million from 2007 to $100.2 million and diluted earnings per share were $1.60, a $0.10 decline from 2007. Operating and net income include expenses related to the acceleration of the Company's management succession plan totaling $6.6 million ($4.1 million, net of tax), termination benefits for non-executive employees totaling $3.5 million ($2.2 million, net of tax) and the establishment of reserves for impaired notes receivable totaling $7.6 million ($4.7 million, net of tax). These items represented diluted EPS of $0.18. These measurements will continue to be a key management focus in 2009 and beyond.
Refer to MD&A heading "Operations Review" for additional analysis of our results.
Liquidity and Capital Resources: Historically, the Company has generated significant cash flows from operations. In 2008 and 2007, net cash provided by operating activities was $104.4 million and $145.7 million, respectively. Since our business does not currently require significant reinvestment of capital, we utilize cash in ways that management believes provide the greatest returns to our shareholders which include share repurchases and dividends. We believe the Company's cash flow from operations and available financing capacity is sufficient to meet the expected future operating, investing and financing needs of the business. However, events over the past several months, including recent failures and near failures of a number of large financial service companies have made the capital markets increasingly volatile. As a result of the dislocation in the credit markets, the availability of reasonably priced credit may be limited and therefore reduce the Company's ability to return value to shareholders through dividends and its share repurchase program.
Refer to MD&A heading "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for additional analysis.
Inflation: Inflation has been moderate in recent years and has not had a significant impact on our business.
Operations Review
Comparison of 2008 Operating Results and 2007 Operating Results
The Company recorded net income of $100.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, an $11.1 million or 10% decline from $111.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The decline in net income for the year ended December 31, 2008 is primarily attributable to a $10.6 million or 6% decline in operating income and the decline in the fair value of investments held in the Company's non-qualified employee benefit plans
compared to an appreciation of these investments in the prior year period. These declines were partially offset by lower effective borrowing rates. Operating income declined $10.6 million as the Company's selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") costs increased $17.4 million or 17% while franchising revenues (total revenues excluding marketing and reservation revenues and hotel operations) increased $6.3 million or 2%. SG&A expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008 includes a $6.6 million charge related to the Company's acceleration of a previously announced management succession plan as well as termination benefits totaling $3.5 million related to the termination of non-executive employees. In addition, SG&A expenses also reflect the establishment of reserves for impaired notes receivable totaling $7.6 million. SG&A expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007 include termination benefits totaling $3.7 million resulting from the separation of certain executive officers.
Summarized financial results for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 are as follows:
2008 2007
(In thousands, except
per share amounts)
REVENUES:
Royalty fees $ 247,435 $ 236,346
Initial franchise and relicensing fees 27,931 33,389
Procurement services 17,148 16,283
Marketing and reservation 336,477 316,827
Hotel operations 4,936 4,692
Other 7,753 7,957
Total revenues 641,680 615,494
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Selling, general and administrative 118,989 101,590
Depreciation and amortization 8,184 8,637
Marketing and reservation 336,477 316,827
Hotel operations 3,434 3,241
Total operating expenses 467,084 430,295
Operating income 174,596 185,199
OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSES:
Interest expense 10,932 14,293
Interest and other investment (income) loss 7,760 (1,750 )
Equity in net income of affiliates (1,414 ) (1,230 )
Other income and expenses, net 17,278 11,313
Income before income taxes 157,318 173,886
Income taxes 57,107 62,585
Net income $ 100,211 $ 111,301
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted 62,521 65,331
Diluted earnings per share $ 1.60 $ 1.70
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Management analyzes its business based on franchising revenues, which is total revenues excluding marketing and reservation revenues and hotel operations, and franchise operating expenses that are reflected as SG&A expenses.
Franchising Revenues: Franchising revenues were $300.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to $294.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The growth in franchising revenues is primarily due to increases in royalty and procurement services revenues of approximately 5% and 5%, respectively partly offset by a 16% decline in initial and relicensing fees.
Domestic royalty fees increased $7.7 million to $221.8 million from $214.1 million in 2007, an increase of 3.6%. The increase in royalties is attributable to a combination of factors including a 5.6% increase in the number of domestic franchised hotel rooms and an increase in the effective royalty rate of the domestic hotel system from 4.14% to 4.20%, partially offset by a 1.8% decline in RevPAR. System-wide RevPAR declined due to a 260 basis point decline in occupancy, which was partially offset by a 2.8% increase in average daily rates.
A summary of the Company's domestic franchised hotels operating information for the years ending December 31 is as follows:
2008* 2007* Change
Average Average Average
Daily Rate Occupancy RevPAR Daily Rate Occupancy RevPAR Daily Rate Occupancy RevPAR
Comfort Inn $ 79.84 60.1 % $ 48.01 $ 77.14 63.1 % $ 48.70 3.5 % (300 ) bps (1.4 )%
Comfort Suites 89.49 61.3 % 54.82 87.23 65.5 % 57.11 2.6 % (420 ) bps (4.0 )%
Sleep 71.91 58.5 % 42.10 69.67 62.5 % 43.52 3.2 % (400 ) bps (3.3 )%
Midscale without Food &
Beverage 80.90 60.2 % 48.66 78.23 63.5 % 49.70 3.4 % (330 ) bps (2.1 )%
Quality 71.42 52.0 % 37.15 70.30 54.2 % 38.09 1.6 % (220 ) bps (2.5 )%
Clarion 84.48 50.0 % 42.21 80.86 51.7 % 41.79 4.5 % (170 ) bps 1.0 %
Midscale with Food &
Beverage 74.18 51.6 % 38.26 72.74 53.6 % 38.97 2.0 % (200 ) bps (1.8 )%
Econo Lodge 55.58 46.9 % 26.05 54.40 48.0 % 26.10 2.2 % (110 ) bps (0.2 )%
Rodeway 55.04 47.5 % 26.16 53.24 47.6 % 25.32 3.4 % (10 ) bps 3.3 %
Economy 55.44 47.0 % 26.08 54.14 47.9 % 25.93 2.4 % (90 ) bps 0.6 %
MainStay 73.72 64.2 % 47.34 70.04 68.5 % 47.98 5.3 % (430 ) bps (1.3 )%
Suburban 42.93 62.4 % 26.80 40.13 67.3 % 27.01 7.0 % (490 ) bps (0.8 )%
Extended Stay 51.14 62.9 % 32.17 47.10 67.6 % 31.83 8.6 % (470 ) bps 1.1 %
Total $ 74.11 55.3 % $ 40.98 $ 72.07 57.9 % $ 41.75 2.8 % (260 ) bps (1.8 )%
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* Operating statistics represent hotel operations from December through November and exclude Ascend Collection for 2008 and Cambria Suites for 2008 and 2007.
The number of domestic rooms on-line increased to 373,884 as of December 31, 2008 from 354,139 as of December 31, 2007, an increase of 5.6%. The total number of domestic hotels on-line grew 6.1% to 4,716 as of December 31, 2008 from 4,445 as of December 31, 2007.
A summary of the domestic hotels and available rooms at December 31, 2008 and 2007 by brand is as follows:
December 31, December 31,
2008 2007 Variance
Hotels Rooms Hotels Rooms Hotels % Rooms %
Comfort Inn 1,462 114,573 1,434 112,042 28 2.0 % 2,531 2.3 %
Comfort Suites 541 42,152 481 37,358 60 12.5 % 4,794 12.8 %
Sleep 365 26,867 346 25,728 19 5.5 % 1,139 4.4 %
Midscale without Food & Beverage 2,368 183,592 2,261 175,128 107 4.7 % 8,464 4.8 %
Quality 908 85,055 828 79,276 80 9.7 % 5,779 7.3 %
Clarion 150 21,497 167 23,319 (17 ) (10.2 )% (1,822 ) (7.8 )%
Midscale with Food & Beverage 1,058 106,552 995 102,595 63 6.3 % 3,957 3.9 %
Econo Lodge 816 50,812 825 50,403 (9 ) (1.1 )% 409 0.8 %
Rodeway 346 20,302 276 16,523 70 25.4 % 3,779 22.9 %
Economy 1,162 71,114 1,101 66,926 61 5.5 % 4,188 6.3 %
MainStay 35 2,694 30 2,258 5 16.7 % 436 19.3 %
Suburban 60 7,256 54 6,773 6 11.1 % 483 7.1 %
Extended Stay 95 9,950 84 9,031 11 13.1 % 919 10.2 %
Ascend Collection 21 1,353 - - 21 NM 1,353 NM
Cambria Suites 12 1,323 4 459 8 200.0 % 864 188.2 %
Total Domestic Franchises 4,716 373,884 4,445 354,139 271 6.1 % 19,745 5.6 %
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International available rooms increased to 98,642 as of December 31, 2008 from 97,888 as of December 31, 2007. The total number of international hotels on-line declined from 1,125 as of December 31, 2007 to 1,111 as of December 31, 2008.
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had 987 franchised hotels with 78,915 rooms under construction, awaiting conversion or approved for development in its domestic system as compared to 1,004 hotels and 79,342 rooms at December 31, 2007. The number of new construction franchised hotels in the Company's domestic pipeline declined 1% to 723 at December 31, 2008 from 728 at December 31, 2007. The Company had an additional 121 franchised hotels with 10,190 rooms under construction, awaiting conversion or approved for development in its international system as of December 31, 2008 compared to 89 hotels and 8,640 rooms at December 31, 2007. While the Company's hotel pipeline provides a strong platform for growth, a hotel in the pipeline does not always result in an open and operating hotel due to various factors.
A summary of the domestic franchised hotels under construction, awaiting conversion or approved for development at December 31, 2008 and 2007 by brand is as follows:
December 31, 2008 December 31, 2007 Variance
New
New New Conversion Construction Total
Conversion Construction Total Conversion Construction Total Units % Units % Units %
Comfort Inn 51 125 176 54 135 189 (3 ) (6 )% (10 ) (7 )% (13 ) (7 )%
Comfort Suites 3 279 282 1 278 279 2 200 % 1 0 % 3 1 %
Sleep 2 157 159 - 138 138 2 NM 19 14 % 21 15 %
Midscale without Food & Beverage 56 561 617 55 551 606 1 2 % 10 2 % 11 2 %
Quality 69 14 83 71 15 86 (2 ) (3 )% (1 ) (7 )% (3 ) (3 )%
Clarion 36 9 45 30 7 37 6 20 % 2 29 % 8 22 %
Midscale with Food & Beverage 105 23 128 101 22 123 4 4 % 1 5 % 5 4 %
Econo Lodge 45 5 50 46 3 49 (1 ) (2 )% 2 67 % 1 2 %
Rodeway 58 2 60 68 3 71 (10 ) (15 )% (1 ) (33 )% (11 ) (15 )%
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