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27-Feb-2009
Annual Report
GENERAL
State Street Corporation is a financial holding company organized under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. All references in this Management's Discussion and Analysis to the parent company are to State Street Corporation. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this Management's Discussion and Analysis to "State Street," "we," "us," "our" or similar terms mean State Street Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. State Street Bank and Trust Company is referred to as State Street Bank. At December 31, 2008, we had total assets of $173.63 billion, total deposits of $112.23 billion, total shareholders' equity of $12.77 billion and employed 28,475. With $12.04 trillion of assets under custody and $1.44 trillion of assets under management at year-end 2008, we are a leading specialist in meeting the needs of institutional investors worldwide.
We report two lines of business: Investment Servicing and Investment Management. These lines of business provide a full range of products and services for our customers, which include mutual funds, collective investment funds and other investment pools, corporate and public retirement plans, insurance companies, foundations, endowments and investment managers. Investment Servicing provides services to support institutional investors, such as custody, product- and participant-level accounting, daily pricing and administration; master trust and master custody; recordkeeping; shareholder services, including mutual fund and collective investment fund shareholder accounting; foreign exchange, brokerage and other trading services; securities finance; deposit and short-term investment facilities; loans and lease financing; investment manager and hedge fund manager operations outsourcing; and performance, risk and compliance analytics. Investment Management provides a broad array of services for managing financial assets, such as investment research services and investment management, including passive and active U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed-income strategies. For additional information about our lines of business, see the "Line of Business Information" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis and note 24 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K under Item 8.
This Management's Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K under Item 8. Certain previously reported amounts presented have been reclassified to conform to current period classifications. We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., referred to as GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in the application of certain accounting policies that materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Accounting policies that require management to make assumptions that are difficult, subjective or complex about matters that are uncertain and may change in subsequent periods are discussed in more depth in the "Significant Accounting Estimates" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis.
Certain financial information provided in this Management's Discussion and Analysis has been prepared on both a GAAP basis and an "operating" basis. Management measures and compares certain financial information on an operating basis, as it believes that this presentation supports meaningful comparisons from period to period and the analysis of comparable financial trends with respect to State Street's normal ongoing business operations. Management believes that operating-basis financial information, which reports revenue from non-taxable sources on a fully taxable-equivalent basis and excludes the impact of revenue and expenses outside of the normal course of our business, facilitates an investor's understanding and analysis of State Street's underlying financial performance and trends in addition to financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
This Management's Discussion and Analysis contains statements that are considered "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of U.S. federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations about revenue and market growth, acquisitions and divestitures, new technologies, services and opportunities, earnings and other factors. These forward-looking statements involve certain risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially. We undertake no obligation to revise the forward-looking statements contained in this Management's Discussion and Analysis to reflect events after the
date we file this Form 10-K with the SEC. Additional information about forward-looking statements and related risks and uncertainties is included in the Risk Factors section of this Form 10-K under Item 1A.
OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL RESULTS Years ended December 31, 2008(1) 2007(2) 2006 (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Total fee revenue $ 7,747 $ 6,633 $ 5,186 Net interest revenue 2,650 1,730 1,110 Provision for loan losses - - - Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net (54 ) (27 ) 15 Gain on CitiStreet interest, net of exit and other associated costs 350 - - Total revenue 10,693 8,336 6,311 Expenses: Expenses from operations 6,780 5,768 4,540 Provision for legal exposure, net(3) - 467 - Provision for investment account infusion 450 - - Restructuring charges 306 - - Provision for indemnification exposure 200 - - Merger and integration costs 115 198 - Total expenses 7,851 6,433 4,540 Income from continuing operations before income tax expense 2,842 1,903 1,771 Income tax expense from continuing operations 1,031 642 675 Income from continuing operations 1,811 1,261 1,096 Income from discontinued operations - - 10 Net income $ 1,811 $ 1,261 $ 1,106 Net income available to common shareholders $ 1,789 $ 1,261 $ 1,106 Earnings per common share from continuing operations: Basic $ 4.33 $ 3.50 $ 3.31 Diluted 4.30 3.45 3.26 Earnings per common share: Basic $ 4.33 $ 3.50 $ 3.34 Diluted 4.30 3.45 3.29 Average common shares outstanding (in thousands): Basic 413,182 360,675 331,350 Diluted 416,100 365,488 335,732 Return on common shareholders' equity from continuing operations 14.8 % 13.4 % 16.2 % Return on common shareholders' equity 14.8 13.4 16.4 |
(1) Financial results for the year ended December 31, 2008 include results of the acquired Investors Financial business.
(2) Financial results for the year ended December 31, 2007 include results of the acquired Investors Financial business for the third and fourth quarters of 2007.
(3) Amount was composed of a provision for legal exposure of $600 million, a reduction of salaries and benefits expense of $141 million, and other expenses of $8 million; refer to the "Expenses" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis.
Financial Highlights
For 2008, we recorded net income of $1.79 billion, or $4.30 per diluted share, compared to $1.26 billion, or $3.45 per diluted share, for 2007. Total revenue increased 28% from 2007, and return on common equity was 14.8% compared to 13.4% for 2007.
Total revenue for 2008 grew 28% from 2007. Total fee revenue, which grew 17%, reflected growth in servicing fees and trading services revenue, up 11% and 27%, respectively, compared to 2007, and securities finance revenue, up 81%. Generally, servicing fees benefited from the inclusion of the acquired Investors
Financial business for the full year and net new business, partly offset by declines in equity market valuations. Management fees declined 10% from 2007, primarily as a result of declines in equity market valuations and lower performance fees. Trading services revenue grew primarily as a result of higher levels of volatility and the contribution of the acquired Investors Financial business (with respect to foreign exchange revenue), and the inclusion of revenue from the acquired Currenex business (with respect to brokerage and other fees), both for a full year. Securities finance revenue benefited primarily from wider credit spreads across all lending programs, as well as revenue contributed by the acquired Investors Financial business. Processing fees and other revenue were flat with 2007 levels. The growth in total revenue also reflected a $350 million gain from the sale of our joint venture interest in CitiStreet in July 2008.
Net interest revenue increased 53% compared to 2007, or 54% on a fully taxable-equivalent basis ($2,754 million compared to $1,788 million, reflecting tax-equivalent adjustments of $104 million and $58 million, respectively), with a related increase in net interest margin of 37 basis points. These increases were primarily due to the impact of Federal Reserve reductions in interest rates during 2008 and increases in customer deposits.
Total expenses of $7.85 billion increased 22% from 2007, partly reflective of the aggregate $1.07 billion of the following items: merger and integration costs associated with the Investors Financial acquisition ($115 million); the charge associated with the cash infusion into the SSgA investment management accounts ($450 million); the restructuring charges associated with the reduction in workforce and other cost initiatives ($306 million); and the provision for estimated net exposure on an indemnification obligation associated with collateralized repurchase agreements ($200 million). This compares to the aggregate $665 million of the following items: merger and integration costs associated with Investors Financial ($198 million), and a net charge related to certain active fixed-income strategies managed by State Street Global Advisors, or SSgA ($467 million) recorded in 2007. Expenses from operations of $6.78 billion ($7.85 billion net of $1.07 billion) increased 17.5% compared to 2007 expenses from operations of $5.77 billion ($6.43 billion net of $665 million). The increase resulted from the inclusion of expenses of the acquired Investors Financial business for full-year 2008 compared to six months in 2007, increases in salaries and benefits expenses, higher levels of professional fees and securities processing costs, and new fees and assessments paid to banking regulators.
For 2008, our non-U.S. revenue was approximately 35% of our total revenue, compared to 41% for 2007 and 43% for 2006. The decrease compared to 2007 was primarily the result of the inclusion of revenue from the acquired Investors Financial business for the full year, compared to six months for 2007, as well as higher levels of domestic revenue growth.
Results for 2008 included the following significant items outside of the ordinary course of our business.
• During the third and fourth quarters of 2008, we participated in the Federal Reserve's AMLF, and earned $68 million of pre-tax net interest revenue related to this program (see the "Net Interest Revenue" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis for additional information);
• During the third quarter of 2008, the IRS issued a standard settlement offer to taxpayers that have entered into SILO leveraged leases. We did not accept the offer and continue to pursue our appeal rights within the IRS. In consideration of the terms of the offer and the context in which it was issued, we revised our projection of the timing and amount of tax cash flows from the leases and recalculated the recognition of lease-related revenue over the leases' terms from their inception. This recalculation resulted in a cumulative reduction of net interest revenue of $98 million and the accrual of income tax expense of $39 million during 2008 (see the "Net Interest Revenue" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis for additional information);
• We completed the sale of our 50% joint venture interest in CitiStreet in July 2008, and recognized a $350 million pre-tax gain, which was net of exit and other costs associated with the sale (see the "Consolidated Results of Operations-Total Revenue" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis for additional information);
• In October 2008, in connection with SSgA investment management products that rely upon contractual arrangements with wrap providers, we provided support to these accounts by purchasing approximately $2.49 billion of asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities from them at then current market prices and
making an aggregate cash infusion into the accounts of approximately $450 million. As a result of these actions, we recorded a charge of $450 million in our consolidated statement of income (see the "Expenses" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis for additional information);
• During the fourth quarter of 2008, we recorded restructuring charges of $306 million associated with a reduction in our global workforce and other cost initiatives (see the "Expenses" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis for additional information);
• During the third quarter of 2008, we recorded a $200 million provision to recognize our estimated net exposure related to an indemnification obligation associated with collateralized repurchase agreements with an affiliate of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (see the "Expenses" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis for additional information); and
• We recorded $115 million of merger and integration costs associated with our July 2007 acquisition of Investors Financial (see the "Expenses" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis for additional information).
In February 2009, in light of the impact of the continued disruption in the global capital markets experienced since the middle of 2007, which is described in more detail in the following section, we announced a series of actions to strengthen our tangible common equity, or TCE, ratio. We define the TCE ratio as the relationship of our consolidated common shareholders' equity to our consolidated total assets, with both amounts reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets net of related deferred taxes.
For 2009, our plan to improve our TCE ratio includes temporarily reducing our quarterly dividend on our common stock to $0.01 per share, the reinvestment of investment securities paying down and maturing during 2009 into interest-bearing deposits with U.S. and non-U.S. central banks, and a resulting reduction in the size of our consolidated balance sheet. We expect that these actions will produce growth in organic capital but will reduce our net interest margin for 2009 by approximately 13% to 18% compared to 2008.
IMPACT OF SECURITIES MARKETS DISRUPTION AND GOVERNMENT ACTIONS
Over the past eighteen months, the global financial markets have experienced significant disruption, including substantial volatility, limited trading activity in some markets and a widespread lack of liquidity. These events, and the potential for increased and continuing disruption, have significantly diminished overall confidence in the financial markets and in financial institutions, and have further worsened liquidity and pricing issues within the fixed-income securities markets. In the second half of 2008, these conditions resulted in the bankruptcy or acquisition of, or significant government assistance to, a number of major domestic and international financial institutions. Overall, this disruption increased the uncertainty and unpredictability we face in our business and affected our results of operations and our financial condition.
The significant declines in equity and other financial markets globally during 2008 adversely affected our servicing and management fee revenues, which are based, in part, on the value of assets under custody or management. Our trading services revenue benefitted from market volatility and the resulting increases in the volumes of transactions that we execute for our customers. Our securities finance revenue was favorably affected by wider spreads, although this business experienced a decline in lending due to the reduction or suspension of participation by some institutional investors in our securities lending program.
During the third and fourth quarters of 2008, in response to the above-described market conditions, federal government and bank regulatory agencies, particularly the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the FDIC, working in cooperation with foreign governments and other central banks, instituted a variety of programs designed to restore confidence in the financial markets, strengthen financial institutions and encourage the flow of credit and liquidity in support of the U.S. economy. The programs in which State Street had significant participation or involvement are described below.
Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility
This facility, referred to as the AMLF, was instituted by the Federal Reserve in September 2008. It is designed to restore liquidity in the asset-backed commercial paper markets and assist money market mutual funds in meeting
investor redemption requests. The Federal Reserve extends non-recourse loans to eligible banking organizations to finance their purchase of high-quality asset-backed commercial paper from eligible money market funds or other eligible entities. The facility, originally intended to expire on January 30, 2009, was extended to October 30, 2009.
We began our participation in the AMLF in September 2008, and were one of the first institutions to be fully operational for mutual fund customers desiring to utilize the facility. For 2008, we earned net interest revenue associated with this facility of approximately $68 million. Additional information about the impact of our participation in the AMLF on our consolidated financial statements is provided in the "Consolidated Results of Operations-Net Interest Revenue" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis and in note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K under Item 8.
Mortgage-Backed Securities Purchase Program
The program, announced by the U.S. Treasury in September 2008, is designed to broaden access to mortgage funding for current and prospective homeowners, as well as to promote market stability through the Treasury's purchase of new mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The program is intended to expire on December 31, 2009. In October 2008, SSgA was one of two asset managers appointed as an agent to manage assets purchased under the program.
Temporary Guarantee Program for Money Market Funds
The U.S. Treasury instituted the Temporary Guarantee Program for Money Market Funds in September 2008. The program is designed to address temporary dislocations in credit markets. The program temporarily guarantees the share price of any publicly-offered, eligible money market mutual fund that applies for and pays a fee to participate in the program. The program provides coverage to shareholders up to amounts that they held in participating money market funds as of the close of business on September 19, 2008. The program, originally intended to expire on December 29, 2008, has been extended through April 30, 2009. Three of SSgA's money market funds are participating in the program.
Commercial Paper Funding Facility
The facility, referred to as the CPFF, was instituted by the Federal Reserve and became operational in October 2008. The facility is designed to complement the Federal Reserve's existing credit facilities to help provide liquidity to term funding markets. It provides a liquidity back-stop to U.S. issuers of commercial paper through a special purpose vehicle that purchases three-month unsecured and asset-backed commercial paper directly from eligible issuers. State Street was appointed CPFF custodian and administrator in October 2008. During the fourth quarter of 2008, we paid a registration fee of approximately $23 million to the Federal Reserve to participate in the facility. The State Street-administered asset-backed commercial paper conduits, as of December 31, 2008, had sold $5.70 billion of commercial paper to the CPFF. The CPFF, originally intended to expire on April 30, 2009, was extended to October 30, 2009.
Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program
The program was announced by the FDIC in October 2008, and final rules were issued in November and December 2008. The program is designed to strengthen confidence and encourage liquidity in the U.S. banking system (1) by guaranteeing newly issued senior unsecured debt of banks, thrifts and certain holding companies, and (2) by providing unlimited insurance protection for non-interest bearing deposit transactions accounts at FDIC-insured institutions through December 31, 2009. The program provides a 100% guarantee for unsecured senior debt issued through June 30, 2009 by banks, thrifts, bank holding companies, financial holding companies and thrift holding companies. The guarantee will exist for three years. In December 2008, we paid aggregate fees of approximately $5 million to participate in both features of this program. Additional information about the FDIC's guarantee of certain of our senior unsecured debt is provided in the "Liquidity" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis included in this Form 10-K under Item 7.
Money Market Investor Funding Facility
This program, instituted by the Federal Reserve, became operational in November 2008. The program is designed to provide liquidity to eligible U.S. money market investors. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York will provide up to $600 billion of senior secured funding to a series of private-sector special purpose vehicles to finance the purchase of eligible assets from eligible investors. The special purpose vehicles will commence a wind-down process on October 30, 2009 unless the Federal Reserve further extends the facility. State Street facilitated the implementation and extension of this program, working with the Federal Reserve and the program administrator.
TARP Capital Purchase Program
State Street was selected by Treasury as one of the nine financial institutions to participate in the launch of this program, in connection with actions taken by the U.S. government designed to protect the U.S. economy, strengthen public confidence in financial institutions and foster the strong functioning of credit markets. In October 2008, State Street agreed to, and received, a $2 billion investment (based on a percentage of its consolidated risk-weighted assets) through the issuance of 20,000 shares of its Series B preferred stock and a related warrant to purchase approximately 5.6 million shares of its common stock to Treasury. Information about the impact of our participation in the capital purchase program on our consolidated financial statements is provided in the "Capital" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis and in note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K under Item 8.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section discusses our consolidated results of operations for 2008 compared to 2007, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Form 10-K under Item 8. A comparison of consolidated results of operations for 2007 with those for 2006 is provided in the "Comparison of 2007 and 2006-Overview of Consolidated Results of Operations" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis.
TOTAL REVENUE
Change
Years ended December 31, 2008 2007 2006 2007-2008
(Dollars in millions)
Fee revenue:
Servicing fees $ 3,745 $ 3,388 $ 2,723 11 %
Management fees 1,028 1,141 943 (10 )
Trading services 1,467 1,152 862 27
Securities finance 1,230 681 386 81
Processing fees and other 277 271 272 2
Total fee revenue 7,747 6,633 5,186 17
Net interest revenue:
Interest revenue 4,879 5,212 4,324 (6 )
Interest expense 2,229 3,482 3,214 (36 )
Net interest revenue 2,650 1,730 1,110 53
Provision for loan losses - - -
Net interest revenue after provision for loan
losses 2,650 1,730 1,110 53
Gains (Losses) related to investment
securities, net (54 ) (27 ) 15
Gain on sale of CitiStreet interest, net of
exit and other associated costs 350 - -
Total revenue $ 10,693 $ 8,336 $ 6,311 28
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Our broad range of services generates fee revenue and net interest revenue. Fee revenue generated by investment servicing and investment management is augmented by securities finance, trading services and other processing fee revenue. We . . .
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