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| MVL > SEC Filings for MVL > Form 10-K on 27-Feb-2009 | All Recent SEC Filings |
27-Feb-2009
Annual Report
Year Ended December 31, 2007 Year Ended December 31, 2006
Previously As Previously As
Reported Adjustment Reclassified Reported Adjustment Reclassified
(in millions)
Net Sales
Licensing $ 272.7 $ 70.9 $ 343.6 $ 127.2 $ 5.2 $ 132.4
Toys 87.4 (87.4 ) - 116.1 (116.1 ) -
All Other - 16.5 16.5 - 110.9 110.9
Cost of Revenues
Toys 8.7 (8.7 ) - 56.4 (56.4 ) -
All Other - 8.7 8.7 - 56.4 56.4
Selling, General and
Administrative
Licensing 75.7 11.6 87.3 49.2 0.7 49.9
Toys 20.8 (20.8 ) - 28.0 (28.0 ) -
All Other 22.0 9.2 31.2 22.7 27.3 50.0
Operating Income(Loss)
Licensing 196.1 59.4 255.5 77.6 4.5 82.1
Toys 54.7 (54.7 ) - 21.1 (21.1 ) -
All Other (22.4 ) (4.7 ) (27.1 ) (22.7 ) 16.6 (6.1 )
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The increased exposure of Marvel characters in movies and television shows can
create revenue opportunities for us through increased sales of licensed
merchandise. Producing films ourselves provides us with more control of our film
projects, gives us greater flexibility to coordinate the timing of licensing
programs around Marvel-branded theatrical releases and provides us with the
opportunity for a meaningful source of profits. The operations of developing and
producing our own theatrical releases are reported in our Film Production
segment, the funding for which comes primarily from our $525 million film
facility. We intend to self-produce all future films based on our characters
that have not already been licensed to third parties.
Our operating results were stronger in 2008 than in 2007, due largely to the
2008 release of our first two self-produced films, Iron Man and The Incredible
Hulk. As discussed below, we will not release any self-produced films in 2009
and our only licensed film scheduled for release in 2009 is X-Men Origins:
Wolverine. As a result, we expect our operating results to be lower in 2009 than
in 2008 or 2007, when Spider-Man 3 was released. Our next self-produced films,
Iron Man 2 and Thor, are scheduled for release in 2010.
Licensing
Our Licensing segment is responsible for the licensing, promotion and brand
management for all of our characters worldwide. We pursue a strategy, where
feasible, of concentrating our licensee relationships with fewer, larger
licensees who demonstrate the financial and merchandising capability to manage
our portfolio of both classic and movie properties. A key focus is negotiating
strong minimum guarantees while keeping royalty rates competitive.
Another strategy of the Licensing segment's consumer products program is to
create new revenue opportunities by further segmenting our properties to appeal
to new demographic profiles. Initiatives such as Marvel Super Hero Squad, Marvel
Extreme, Marvel Heroes and Marvel Comics (the retro depiction of our characters)
have all helped the licensing business expand beyond its traditional classic and
event-driven properties.
Major entertainment events play an important role in driving sales of our
licensed products. In 2007, our Licensing segment revenue reflected the benefit
of the May 2007 release of the movie Spider-Man 3. The Licensing segment's 2007
initiatives were focused on merchandising our self-produced movies: Iron Man,
which was released on May 2, 2008, and The Incredible Hulk, which was released
on June 13, 2008. Our 2008 Licensing segment revenue benefited from the release
of those movies, but not as significantly as 2007 Licensing segment revenue
benefited from the release of Spider-Man 3. We expect that our 2009 Licensing
segment revenue will be lower than in 2008 as there will only be one major
entertainment event in 2009, X-Men Origins: Wolverine, expected to be
domestically released on May 1, 2009 by Twentieth Century Fox. In addition,
although we have many licensees that are large companies, the majority of our
consumer product licensees are small to medium sized companies, located
throughout the world, that rely on access to credit to produce and distribute
their products. As a result of world-wide tightening of credit markets, some of
our licensees may have difficulties producing and distributing goods. In
addition, due to the lessening of consumer demand resulting from the global
recessionary environment, some of our licensees may have difficulties obtaining
sufficient sales orders. These macro-economic factors (see "Item 1A - Risk
Factors") are another reason for our expectation that 2009 Licensing segment
revenue will be lower than in 2008. We believe the negative impact of these
macro-economic factors on the Licensing segment may be partially mitigated as a
result of the non-durable nature of the products sold by most of our licensees
and the low prices at which the majority of these products are sold.
We typically enter into multi-year merchandise license agreements that specify
minimum royalty payments and include a significant down payment upon signing. We
recognize license revenue when the earnings process is complete, including, for
instance, the determination that the credit-worthiness of the licensee
reasonably assures collectibility of any outstanding minimum royalty payments.
If the earnings process is complete with respect to all required minimum royalty
payments, then we record as revenue the present value of those payments.
The earnings process is not complete if, among other things, we have significant
continuing involvement under the license, we have placed restrictions on the
licensee's ability to exploit the rights conveyed under the contract or we owe a
performance obligation to the licensee. In the case where we have significant
continuing involvement or where any restrictions remain on the licensee's rights
(e.g., no sales of products based on a specific character allowed until a future
date), we recognize revenue as the licensee reports its sales and corresponding
royalty obligation to us. Where we have a performance obligation, minimum
royalty collections are not recognized until our performance obligation has been
satisfied. Minimum payments collected in advance of recognition are recorded as
deferred revenue. In any case where we are unable to determine that the licensee
is sufficiently creditworthy, we recognize revenue only to the extent of cash
collections. When cumulative reported royalties exceed the minimum royalty
payments, the excess royalties are recorded as revenue when collected and are
referred to as "overages".
As discussed above, beginning in 2008 we are including revenues earned from
Hasbro, and related expenses, in our Licensing segment.
Publishing
The Publishing segment is focused on strengthening its Super Hero graphic
fiction presence in its primary distribution channels such as the direct and
mass market, and expanding its reach to a broader demographic by providing all
ages and new reader products in the book market and online. In 2008, Marvel
launched a major comic book crossover series, Secret Invasion, which involves
many of the Marvel characters and features tie-ins to many other Marvel
publications, similar to the Civil War series that was a top-selling comic book
in 2007. Secret Invasion ran from April through December 2008. The third volume
of the Dark Tower series and the first volume of The Stand series were released
in October 2008. The momentum of these efforts will take us into and through the
Dark Reign and Ultimatum publishing events that will occur in the first half of
2009, which will be supplemented with a variety of Wolverine product to be
distributed around the X-Men Origins: Wolverine movie expected to be
domestically released on May 1, 2009 by Twentieth Century Fox. We will also see
the first collections for The Stand and the Ender's Game series along with the
continued publication of the Dark Tower. However, due to the macro-economic
factors discussed above, we believe that Publishing segment revenue in 2009 will
be lower than in 2008 as consumer spending will be down, retailers look to
reduce inventory and advertising budgets remain constrained. The current
economic climate may also lead to a reduction in the number of large book
retailers and direct-market retailers. Direct-market retailers are generally
small business entities, many of which rely on access to credit that may be more
difficult to obtain.
The Publishing segment has continued its development and investment in digital
media, resulting in increased content on our Marvel Digital Comics Unlimited
service, where we currently have over 5,000 previously published Marvel comic
books available for viewing online in a proprietary viewer. We have also added
more content to our websites, including videos, casual games, news and character
biographies. In early 2008, we launched a separate website, www.marvelkids.com,
featuring Marvel characters and content developed for children ages 6-11. During
2008, we also expanded our distribution of digital media content through
arrangements with third-party websites such as YouTube and iTunes. We expect
continued growth and diversification in Marvel Online revenues as we continue to
increase our online presence. However, our expectations for online revenue
growth, expected in large part to be achieved through increased advertising
revenues, have been reduced because of the macro-economic factors discussed
above, which have had a negative impact on industry-wide online advertising. For
the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the revenue of our digital
media group was $2.5 million, $1.0 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and
the expenses of our digital media group were $4.5 million, $1.6 million and $0.1
million, respectively.
Film Production
In 2008, we released our first two self-produced films: Iron Man on May 2 and
The Incredible Hulk on June 13. We are currently developing four films for
release in 2010 and 2011: Iron Man 2, Thor, The First Avenger: Captain America
and The Avengers. The scheduled release dates of those films are, respectively,
May 7, 2010, July 16, 2010, May 6, 2011 and July 15, 2011. After the release of
each film, we begin to recognize revenue and to amortize our film inventory as
described below.
Film Inventory
In general, we are responsible for all of the costs of developing and producing
our feature films. The film's distributor is responsible for the out-of-pocket
costs, charges and expenses (including contingent compensation and residual
costs, to a defined limit) incurred in the distribution, manufacturing, printing
and advertising, marketing, publicizing and promotion of the film in all media
(referred to in the aggregate as the distributor's costs). The distributor's
costs are not included in film inventory.
We account for our film inventory under the guidance provided by AICPA Statement
of Position 00-2, "Accounting by Producers or Distributors of Films" ("SOP
00-2"). We capitalize all direct film production costs, such as labor costs,
visual effects and set construction. Those capitalized costs, along with
capitalized production overhead and capitalized interest costs, appear on our
balance sheet as an asset called film inventory. Production overhead includes
allocable costs, including cash and stock compensation and benefits, of
individuals or departments with exclusive or significant responsibility for the
production of films. Capitalization of production overhead and interest costs
commences upon completion of the requirements for funding the production under
the film facility and ceases upon completion of the production.
We also capitalize the costs of projects in development into film inventory.
Those costs consist primarily of script development. In the event that a film
does not begin pre-production within three years from the time of the first
capitalized transaction, or if an earlier decision is made to abandon the
project, all capitalized costs related to these projects are expensed. During
2008 and 2007, $1.7 and $1.3 million, respectively, of film development costs
were written off and included in selling, general and administrative expenses in
the accompanying consolidated statements of net income.
Once a film is released, using the individual-film-forecast computation method,
the amount of film inventory relating to that film is amortized and included in
each period's costs of revenue in the proportion that the film's revenue during
the period bears to the film's then-estimated total revenue, net of the
distributor's costs, over a period not to exceed ten years (ultimate revenues).
Estimates of ultimate revenues for each film are regularly reviewed and revised
as necessary based on the latest available information. Reductions in those
revenue estimates could result in the write-off, or the acceleration of the
amortization, of film inventory in that reporting period; increases in those
revenue estimates could result in reduced amortization in that period.
As of December 31, 2008, our Film Production segment had film inventory of
$181.6 million, primarily for the Iron Man and The Incredible Hulk productions.
Film Revenue
The amount of revenue recognized from our films in any given period depends on
the timing, accuracy and sufficiency of the information we receive from our
distributors.
After remitting to us five percent of the film's gross receipts, the distributor
is entitled to retain a fee based upon the film's gross receipts and to recoup
all of its costs on a film-by-film basis prior to our receiving any additional
share of film receipts. Any of the distributor's costs for a film that are not
recouped against receipts for that film are borne by the distributor. Our share
of the film's receipts, as described above, is recognized as revenue when
reported due to us by the distributor. We received minimum guarantees from local
distributors in five territories in connection with the release of Iron Man and
The Incredible Hulk. In those territories, we began to recognize revenue when
the film was made available for exhibition in theaters.
Revenue from the sale of home video units is recognized when our distributors
report as due to us the home video sale proceeds that they have collected from
retailers. We provide for future mark-downs and returns of home entertainment
product at the time the related revenue is recognized, using estimates. Our
estimates are calculated by analyzing a combination of our distributors'
historical returns and mark-down practices, our distributors' estimates of
returns of our home video units, current economic trends, projections of
consumer demand for our home video units and point-of-sale data available from
retailers. We periodically review our estimates using the latest information
available.
Revenue from both free and pay television licensing agreements is recognized at
the time the production is made available for exhibition in those markets.
Film Facility
The film facility enables us to independently finance the development and
production costs of up to ten feature films, including films that may feature
the following Marvel characters, whose theatrical film rights are pledged as
collateral to secure the film facility.
• Ant-Man
• Black Panther
• Captain America
• Cloak & Dagger
• Doctor Strange
• Hawkeye
• Iron Man
• Nick Fury
• Power Pack
• Shang-Chi
• The Avengers
• The Incredible Hulk
Also included as collateral for the film facility are the theatrical film rights
to many of the supporting characters that would be most closely associated with
the featured characters and character families. For example, the theatrical film
rights to The Incredible Hulk's girlfriend, Betty Ross, and his nemesis,
Abomination, are both pledged as collateral to the film facility.
We are currently developing a movie based on the character Thor and expect to
obtain the consent of the film facility lenders to finance and produce that film
through the film facility, in which case we will pledge the theatrical film
rights to Thor and various related characters as additional collateral to secure
the film facility.
While theatrical films featuring the characters listed above may be financed and
produced by us only through the film facility, we retain all other rights
associated with those characters. In addition, we may continue to license our
other characters for movie productions by third parties, obtain financing to
produce movies based on those other characters ourselves or with others or, with
the consent of the film facility lenders, finance and produce films based on
those other characters through the film facility.
We fund, from working capital and other sources, the incremental overhead
expenses and costs of developing each film to the stage at which the conditions
for an initial borrowing for the film are met under the film facility. If the
film's initial funding conditions are met under the film facility, we are able
to borrow up to 67% of our budgeted production costs including an amount equal
to our incremental overhead expenses related to that film, but not exceeding 2%
of the film's budget. If the initial funding conditions are not met, we will be
unable to borrow these amounts under the film facility. Beginning with our third
film, upon meeting the film's initial funding conditions, we will be responsible
to immediately fund 33% of that film's budget using our own funds.
We recorded interest expense related to the film facility, net of interest
capitalized, of $19.0 million, $13.7 million and $12.8 million during the years
ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Interest charges
associated with borrowings to fund the productions were capitalized, rather than
expensed, until the completion of production. The productions of Iron Manand The
Incredible Hulk were completed in the second quarter of 2008. Starting in the
second quarter of 2008, therefore, our interest expense began to increase
significantly, as we began to expense, rather than capitalize, interest on the
amounts borrowed to fund the Iron Man and The Incredible Hulk productions. In
2008, 2007 and 2006, we capitalized interest costs of $5.1 million, $8.4 million
and $0.2 million, respectively and those amounts were included in film
inventory.
Our Results of Operations
Year ended December 31, 2008 compared with the year ended December 31, 2007
Net Sales
Years ended December 31,
2008 2007 % Change
(dollars in millions)
Licensing $ 292.8 $ 343.6 (15 %)
Publishing 125.4 125.7 -
Film Production 254.6 - N/A
All Other 3.4 16.5 (79 %)
Total $ 676.2 $ 485.8 39 %
Years ended December 31,
2008 2007
Sales Mix by Segment:
Licensing 43 % 71 %
Publishing 19 % 26 %
Film Production 38 % -
All Other - 3 %
Net Sales 100 % 100 %
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Our consolidated net sales of $676.2 million for 2008 were $190.4 million higher
than net sales in 2007. The increase primarily reflects the $254.6 million
increase in Film Production net sales related to the theatrical releases during
2008 of Iron Man and The Incredible Hulk. This increase was partially offset by
a 15% decline in licensing net sales and, within All Other, a decline in sales
due to our exit from toy manufacturing operations.
Licensing segment net sales decreased $50.8 million during 2008, reflecting a
$64.6 million decrease in Joint Venture revenue (to $57.4 million, primarily
overages) related to the May 2007 release of Spider-Man 3 and a $14.8 million
decrease in licensing audit claim settlements, resulting from an unusually high
amount of settlement revenue in 2007. These decreases were partially offset by
increases of $13.0 million and $11.1 million, respectively, in domestic and
foreign licensing revenue, excluding the Joint Venture. The increases in
domestic and foreign licensing were primarily due to amounts that were
previously recorded as deferred revenue until the second quarter of 2008, when
most licensees were first permitted to begin selling merchandise relating to
Iron Man and The Incredible Hulk, partially offset by a decrease in overages
that primarily resulted from increased licensing contract renewal activity. The
increase in Film Production revenue and the significant decrease in Joint
Venture revenue caused 2008 Licensing segment net sales to decrease as a
percentage of consolidated net sales from 71% in 2007 to 43% in 2008.
Net sales from the Publishing segment were consistent from 2007 to 2008 with a
decrease of $0.3 million to $125.4 million in 2008. This decrease reflects a
$2.2 million reduction in our custom comic book sales due to a decrease in the
scale and number of projects, a $1.3 million reduction in advertising revenue,
resulting from decreased spending of advertising dollars by larger corporate
advertisers and a $0.6 million reduction in sales of trade paperbacks. These
reductions were offset by an increase of $0.8 million in our online comic
subscription revenue and a $0.7 million increase in our online advertisement
sales, both due to the growth of our digital media business in 2008, and by a
$2.4 million increase in our comic book sales related to limited-edition comic
book series events. Comic book sales in 2008 benefited from strong unit sales of
Secret Invasion, a limited-edition comic book series. Comic book sales in 2007
benefited from strong unit sales of the final two comic-book issues of the Civil
War series; The Death of Captain America; the Stephen King series, Dark Tower:
The Gunslinger Born; and the World War Hulkseries. Publishing segment net sales
decreased as a percentage of consolidated net sales from 26% in 2007 to 19% in
2008, primarily because of film production revenues in 2008.
Net sales from the Film Production segment were $254.6 million in 2008, related
to the theatrical releases of Iron Man and The Incredible Hulk. There were no
Film Production segment revenues in 2007.
Net sales included in All Other represent our former toy manufacturing
operations, which we exited in 2008.
Cost of Revenues
Years ended December 31,
2008 2007
% of Net % of Net
Segment Segment
Amount Sales Amount Sales
(dollars in millions)
Licensing $ - N/A $ - N/A
Publishing 55.2 44 % 52.2 42 %
Film Production 135.3 53 % - N/A
All Other 1.0 29 % 8.7 53 %
Total $ 191.5 28 % $ 60.9 13 %
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Consolidated cost of revenues increased $130.6 million to $191.5 million during
2008 compared with 2007, primarily reflecting the amortization of film inventory
in our Film Production segment. This increase was partially offset by the
reduction of toy-production costs resulting from our exit from the toy business.
Consequently, our consolidated cost of revenues as a percentage of sales
increased to 28% during 2008, as compared to 13% in 2007.
Publishing segment cost of revenues for comic book and trade paperback
publishing consists of art, editorial, and printing costs. The $3.0 million
increase in Publishing segment cost of revenues is primarily associated with the
increase in comic titles published (1,128 in 2008 vs. 974 in 2007). Publishing
segment cost of revenues as a percentage of Publishing segment net sales
increased from 42% in 2007 to 44% in 2008, primarily reflecting the impact of
rising costs of talent combined with a reduction in the size of print runs and,
to a lesser extent, an increase in paper costs.
Film Production segment cost of revenues during the 2008 period consisted of the
amortization of film inventory as revenue was generated from the Iron Man and
The Incredible Hulk feature films.
Cost of revenues included in All Other primarily consists of our former toy
production activities.
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