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27-Feb-2009
Annual Report
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report.
Introduction
Boston Scientific Corporation is a worldwide developer, manufacturer and marketer of medical devices that are used in a broad range of interventional medical specialties. Our business strategy is to lead global markets for less-invasive medical devices by developing and delivering products and therapies that address unmet patient needs, provide superior clinical outcomes and demonstrate compelling economic value. We intend to achieve leadership, drive profitable sales growth and increase shareholder value by focusing on:
• Customers
• Innovation
• Quality
• People
• Financial Strength
In the first quarter of 2008, we completed the divestiture of certain non-strategic businesses. Our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 include a full year of results of these businesses. Our operating results for the year ended December 31, 2008 include the results of these businesses through the date of separation. We are involved in several post-closing separation activities through transition service agreements, some from which we continue to generate net sales. These transition service agreements expire throughout 2009 and the first half of 2010. Refer to the Strategic Initiatives section and Note F - Divestitures and Assets Held for Sale to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report for a description of these business divestitures.
On April 21, 2006, we consummated the acquisition of Guidant Corporation. With this acquisition, we became a major provider in the cardiac rhythm management (CRM) market, enhancing our overall competitive position and long-term growth potential, and further diversifying our product portfolio. We also now share certain drug-eluting stent technology with Abbott Laboratories, which gives us access to a second drug-eluting stent program, and complements our TAXUS® stent system program. See Note D- Acquisitions to our 2008 consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report for further details on the Guidant acquisition and Abbott transaction. Our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 include a full year of results of our CRM business that we acquired from Guidant. Our operating results for the year ended December 31, 2006 include the results of the CRM business beginning on the date of acquisition. We have included supplemental pro forma financial information in Note D - Acquisitions to our 2008 consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report which gives effect to the acquisition as though it had occurred at the beginning of 2006.
Executive Summary
Financial Highlights and Trends
Net sales in 2008 were $8.050 billion, which included sales from divested businesses of $69 million, as compared to net sales of $8.357 billion in 2007, which included sales from divested business of $553 million, a decrease of $307 million or four percent. Foreign currency fluctuations increased our net sales by $213 million in 2008, as compared to 2007. Excluding the impact of foreign currency and sales from divested businesses, our net sales were flat with the prior year.
Worldwide net sales of our CRM products increased eight percent in 2008, including an eight percent
Our reported net loss for 2008 was $2.036 billion, or $1.36 per share, on approximately 1.5 billion weighted-average shares outstanding, as compared to a net loss for 2007 of $495 million, or $0.33 per share, also on 1.5 billion weighted-average shares outstanding. Our reported results for 2008 included goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges and acquisition-, divestiture-, litigation- and restructuring-related net charges; and discrete tax items of $2.796 billion (after-tax), or $1.87 per share, consisting of:
• $2.756 billion ($2.790 billion pre-tax) of goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges, associated primarily with a write-down of goodwill;
• a $184 million gain ($250 million pre-tax) related to the receipt of an acquisition-related milestone payment from Abbott;
• $44 million ($43 million pre-tax) of net purchased research and development charges, associated primarily with the acquisitions of Labcoat, Ltd. and CryoCor, Inc.;
• $100 million of costs ($133 million pre-tax) associated with our on-going expense and head count reduction initiatives;
• a $185 million gain ($250 million pre-tax), associated with the sale of certain non-strategic businesses;
• $54 million of net losses ($80 million pre-tax) in connection with the sale of certain non-strategic investments;
• $238 million of litigation-related charges ($334 million pre-tax) resulting primarily from a ruling by a federal judge in a patent infringement case brought against us by Johnson & Johnson; and
• $27 million of discrete tax benefits related to certain tax positions associated with prior period acquisition-, divestiture-, litigation- and restructuring-related charges.
During the fourth quarter of 2008, we recorded a $2.613 billion goodwill
impairment charge associated with our acquisition of Guidant. The decline in our
stock price and our market capitalization during the fourth quarter created an
indication of potential impairment of our goodwill balance; therefore, we
performed an interim impairment test. Key factors contributing to the impairment
charge included disruptions in the credit and equity markets, and the resulting
impacts to weighted-average costs of capital, and changes in CRM market demand
relative to our original assumptions at the time of acquisition. Refer to Note E
- Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to our consolidated financial statements
contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report for more information.
Our reported results for 2007 included goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges and acquisition-, divestiture-, litigation- and restructuring-related charges of $1.110 billion (after-tax), or $0.74 per share. Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources for a discussion of these charges.
We continued to generate substantial cash flow during 2008. Cash provided by operating activities was $1.216 billion in 2008 as compared to $934 million in 2007. At December 31, 2008, we had total debt of $6.745 billion, cash and cash equivalents of $1.641 billion and working capital of $2.219 billion. During 2008, we prepaid $1.425 billion of debt under our term loan and our credit facility secured by our U.S. trade receivables and, in February 2009, prepaid an additional $500 million. As a result, our next scheduled debt maturity is $325 million due in April 2010.
In 2007, we announced several new initiatives designed to enhance short- and long-term shareholder value, including the restructuring of several of our businesses and product franchises; the sale of non-strategic businesses and investments; and significant expense and head count reductions. Our goal was, and continues to be, to better align expenses with revenues, while preserving our ability to make needed investments in quality, research and development (R&D), capital improvements and our people that are essential to our long-term success. These initiatives have helped to provide better focus on our core businesses and priorities, which we believe will strengthen Boston Scientific for the future and position us for increased, sustainable and profitable sales growth. The execution of this plan enabled us to reduce R&D and selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses by an annualized run rate of approximately $500 million exiting 2008.
Restructuring
In October 2007, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to, an expense and head count reduction plan, which resulted in the elimination of approximately 2,300 positions worldwide. We initiated activities under the plan in the fourth quarter of 2007 and expect to be substantially complete worldwide in 2010. Refer to Results of Operations and Note H - Restructuring-related Activities to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report for information on restructuring-related activities and estimated costs.
Plant Network Optimization
On January 27, 2009, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to, a plant network optimization plan, which is intended to simplify our manufacturing plant structure by transferring certain production lines from one facility to another and by closing certain facilities. The plan is a complement to our previously announced expense and head count reduction plan, and is intended to improve overall gross profit margins. Activities under the plan will be initiated in 2009 and are expected to be substantially completed by the end of 2011. Refer to Results of Operations and Note H - Restructuring-related Activities to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report for information on restructuring-related activities and estimated costs.
Divestitures
During 2007, we determined that our Auditory, Vascular Surgery, Cardiac Surgery, Venous Access and Fluid Management businesses were no longer strategic to our on-going operations. Therefore, we initiated the process of selling these businesses in 2007, and completed their sale in the first quarter of 2008, as discussed below. We received pre-tax proceeds of approximately $1.3 billion from the sale of these businesses and our TriVascular Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR) program, and eliminated 2,000 positions in connection with these divestitures.
In January 2008, we completed the sale of a controlling interest in our Auditory business and drug pump development program, acquired with Advanced Bionics Corporation in 2004, to entities affiliated with the principal former shareholders of Advanced Bionics for an aggregate purchase price of $150 million in cash. In connection with the sale, we recorded a loss of $367 million (pre-tax) in 2007, attributable primarily to the write-down of goodwill. In addition, we recorded a tax benefit of $7 million during 2008 in connection with the closing of the transaction. Also in January 2008, we completed the sale of our Cardiac Surgery and Vascular Surgery businesses for net cash proceeds of approximately $700 million. In connection with the sale, we recorded a pre-tax loss of $193 million in 2007, representing primarily a write-down of goodwill. In addition, we recorded a tax expense of $19 million during 2008 in connection with the closing of the transaction. In February 2008, we completed the sale of our Fluid Management and Venous Access businesses for net cash proceeds of approximately $400 million. We recorded a pre-tax gain of $234 million ($161 million after-tax) during 2008 associated with this transaction.
During 2007, in connection with our strategic initiatives, we announced our intent to sell the majority of our investment portfolio in order to monetize those investments determined to be non-strategic. In June 2008, as part of our initiative to monetize non-strategic investments, we signed separate definitive agreements with Saints Capital and Paul Capital Partners to sell the majority of our investments in, and notes receivable from, certain publicly traded and privately held entities for gross proceeds of approximately $140 million. In connection with these agreements, we received proceeds of $95 million during 2008. In addition, we received $54 million of proceeds from other transactions to monetize certain other non-strategic investments and notes receivable. We recorded net pre-tax losses of approximately $80 million during 2008 related to these monetization initiatives and the write-down of certain non-strategic investments. We expect to receive $45 million of remaining proceeds from the Saints and Paul transactions during 2009, and do not expect to record significant gains or losses in 2009 related to these definitive agreements. Refer to our Other, net discussion, as well as Note G - Investments and Notes Receivable to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report for more information on our investment portfolio activity.
Corporate Warning Letter
In January 2006, legacy Boston Scientific received a corporate warning letter from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) notifying us of serious regulatory problems at three of our facilities and advising us that our corporate-wide corrective action plan relating to three site-specific warning letters issued to us in 2005 was inadequate. We have identified solutions to the quality system issues cited by the FDA and have made significant progress in transitioning our organization to implement those solutions. During 2008, the FDA reinspected a number of our facilities and, in October 2008, informed us that our quality system is now in substantial compliance with its Quality System Regulations. The FDA has approved all of our requests for final approval of Class III product submissions previously on hold due to the corporate warning letter and has approved all currently eligible requests for Certificates to Foreign Governments (CFGs). Since October 2008, we have received approval to market the following new products in the U.S.:
• our TAXUS® Express2® Atom™ paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent system, designed for treating small coronary vessels;
• our TAXUS® Liberté® paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent system, our second-generation drug-eluting stent system;
• our Carotid WALLSTENT® Monorail® Endoprosthesis, a less-invasive alternative to surgery for treating carotid artery disease;
• our Apex™ Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) dilatation catheter, for treating the most challenging atherosclerotic lesions;
• our Express® SD Renal Monorail® stent system, the first low-profile, pre-mounted stent approved in the U.S. for use in renal arteries; and
• our Sterling™ Monorail® and Over-the-Wire balloon dilatation catheter for use in the renal and lower extremity arteries.
The FDA also approved the use of our TAXUS® Express2® paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent system for the treatment of in-stent restenosis 1 (ISR) in bare-metal stents, the first ISR approval granted by the FDA.
The corporate warning letter remains in place pending final remediation of certain Medical Device Report (MDR) filing issues, which we are actively working with the FDA to resolve. This remediation has resulted and may continue to result in incremental medical device and vigilance reporting, which could adversely impact physician perception of our products.
Cardiac Rhythm Management
We estimate that the worldwide CRM market approximated $10.8 billion in 2008, as compared to approximately $10.0 billion in 2007, and estimate that U.S. ICD system sales represented approximately 40 percent of the worldwide CRM market in both years. Worldwide CRM market growth rates over the past three years, including the U.S. ICD market, have been below those experienced in prior years, resulting primarily from previous industry field actions and from a lack of new indications for use. In 2008, however, we began to see renewed growth of the worldwide CRM market with steadily increasing implant volumes.
Net sales of our CRM products represented approximately 28 percent of our consolidated net sales for 2008 and 25 percent in 2007. The following are the components of our worldwide CRM product sales:
Year Ended Year Ended
(in millions) December 31, 2008 December 31, 2007
U.S. International Total U.S. International Total
ICD systems $ 1,140 $ 541 $ 1,681 $ 1,053 $ 489 $ 1,542
Pacemaker systems 340 265 605 318 264 582
$ 1,480 $ 806 $ 2,286 $ 1,371 $ 753 $ 2,124
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Our U.S. sales of CRM products in 2008 increased $109 million, or eight percent, as compared to 2007. Our U.S. sales benefited from growth in the U.S. CRM market and from the successful launch of our next-generation COGNIS® CRT-D and TELIGEN® ICD systems, as well as the launches of our CONFIENT® ICD system, the LIVIAN® CRT-D system, and the ALTRUA™ family of pacemaker systems. We experienced ten percent growth in U.S. CRM sales during each of the second, third and fourth quarters of 2008, largely as a result of these new product launches.
Our international CRM product sales increased $53 million, or seven percent in 2008, as compared to 2007, due primarily to an increase in the size of the international ICD market. However, our net sales and market share in Japan have been negatively impacted as we move to a direct sales model for our CRM products in Japan and, until we fully implement this model, our net sales and market share in Japan may continue to be negatively impacted.
During 2008, we received more than a dozen new CRM product approvals. We will continue to execute on our product pipeline and expect to begin offering our LATITUDE® Patient Management System in certain European countries in 2009. This technology, which enables physicians to monitor device performance remotely while patients are in their homes, is a key component of many of our implantable device systems. We also plan to launch our next-generation pacemaker, the INGENIO™ pacemaker system, in the U.S., our EMEA (Europe/Middle East/Africa) region and certain Inter-Continental countries in the first half of 2011. We believe that these launches position us for sustainable growth within the worldwide CRM market.
Net sales from our CRM products represent a significant source of our overall net sales. Therefore, increases or decreases in net sales from our CRM products could have a significant impact on our results of operations. While we believe that the size of the CRM market will increase above existing levels, there can be no assurance as to the timing or extent of this increase. We believe we are well positioned within the CRM market; however, the following variables may impact the size of the CRM market and/or our share of that market:
• our continued ability to improve the trust and confidence of the implanting physician community, the referring physician community and prospective patients in our technology;
• future product field actions or new physician advisories by us or our competitors;
• the successful conclusion and positive outcomes of on-going clinical trials that may provide opportunities to expand indications for use;
• variations in clinical results, reliability or product performance of our and our competitors' products;
• delayed or limited regulatory approvals and unfavorable reimbursement policies;
• our ability to retain key members of our sales force and other key personnel;
• new competitive launches; and
• average selling prices and the overall number of procedures performed.
Coronary Stents
The size of the coronary stent market is driven primarily by the number of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures performed, as well as the percentage of those that are actually stented; the number of devices used per procedure; average drug-eluting stent selling prices; and the drug-eluting stent penetration rate (a measure of the mix between bare-metal and drug-eluting stents used across procedures). We estimate that the worldwide coronary stent market approximated $5.0 billion in 2008 and 2007, and estimate that drug-eluting stents represented approximately 80 percent of the dollar value of worldwide coronary stent market sales in both years. Uncertainty regarding the efficacy of drug-eluting stents, as well as the increased perceived risk of late stent thrombosis 2 following the use of drug-eluting stents, contributed to a decline in the worldwide drug-eluting stent market size during 2006 and 2007. However, data addressing this risk and supporting the safety of drug-eluting stent systems positively affected trends in the growth of the drug-eluting stent market in 2008, as referring cardiologists regained confidence in this technology.
Net sales of our coronary stent systems represented approximately 23 percent of our consolidated net sales for 2008 and 24 percent in 2007. We are the only company in the industry to offer a two-drug platform strategy with our TAXUS® paclitaxel-eluting stent system and the PROMUS® everolimus-eluting stent system. The following are the components of our worldwide coronary stent system sales:
Year Ended Year Ended
(in millions) December 31, 2008 December 31, 2007
U.S. International Total U.S. International Total
TAXUS® $ 621 $ 697 $ 1,318 $ 1,006 $ 754 $ 1,760
PROMUS® 212 104 316 28 28
Drug-eluting 833 801 1,634 1,006 782 1,788
Bare-metal 88 129 217 104 135 239
$ 921 $ 930 $ 1,851 $ 1,110 $ 917 $ 2,027
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During 2008, U.S. sales of our drug-eluting stent systems declined $173 million, or 17 percent, due primarily to an increase in competition following recent competitive launches. We believe that our average share of the
Our international drug-eluting stent system sales increased $19 million, or two percent, in 2008 as compared to 2007, due to a full year of drug-eluting stent sales in Japan and growth in the size of the international drug-eluting stent market as a result of increased PCI procedural volume and higher penetration rates. In May of 2007, we launched our TAXUS® Express2® coronary stent system in Japan, and, in January 2009, we received approval from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare to market our second-generation TAXUS® Liberté® drug-eluting stent system in Japan. We are planning to launch our TAXUS® Liberté® stent system in Japan during the first quarter of 2009 and the PROMUS® everolimus-eluting coronary stent system in the second half of 2009, subject to regulatory approval.
In July 2008, Abbott launched its XIENCE V™ everolimus-eluting coronary stent system, and, simultaneously, we launched the PROMUS® everolimus-eluting coronary stent system, supplied to us by Abbott. As of the closing of Abbott's acquisition of Guidant's vascular intervention and endovascular solutions businesses, we obtained a perpetual license to use the intellectual property used in Guidant's drug-eluting stent system program purchased by Abbott. We believe that being the only company to offer two distinct drug-eluting stent platforms provides us a considerable advantage in the drug-eluting stent market and has enabled us to sustain our worldwide leadership position. However, under the terms of our supply arrangement with Abbott, the gross profit and operating profit margin of a PROMUS® stent system is significantly lower than that of our TAXUS® stent system. Our PROMUS® stent systems have operating profit margins that approximate half of our TAXUS® stent system operating profit margin. Therefore, if sales of our PROMUS® stent system continue to increase in relation to our total drug-eluting stent system sales, our profit margins will continue to decrease. Refer to our Gross Profit discussion for more information on the impact this sales mix has had on our gross profit margins. Further, the price we pay Abbott for our supply of PROMUS® stent systems is determined by our contracts with them. Our cost is based, in part, on previously fixed estimates of Abbott's manufacturing costs for PROMUS® stent systems and third-party reports of our average selling price of PROMUS® stent systems. Amounts paid pursuant to this pricing arrangement are subject to a retroactive adjustment at pre-determined intervals based on Abbott's actual costs to manufacture these stent systems for us and our average selling price of PROMUS® stent systems. During 2009, we may make a payment to or receive a payment from Abbott based on the differences between their actual manufacturing costs and the contractually stipulated manufacturing costs and differences . . .
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