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DYN > SEC Filings for DYN > Form 10-K on 26-Feb-2009All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-K for DYNEGY INC.


26-Feb-2009

Annual Report


Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
The following discussion should be read together with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this report.
OVERVIEW
We are holding companies and conduct substantially all of our business operations through our subsidiaries. Our current business operations are focused primarily on the power generation sector of the energy industry. We report the results of our power generation business as three separate segments in our consolidated financial statements: (i) GEN-MW; (ii) GEN-WE; and (iii) GEN-NE. Because of the diversity among their respective operations, we report the results of each business as a separate segment in our consolidated financial statements. Beginning in the first quarter 2008, the results of our former customer risk management business are included in Other as it does not meet the criteria required to be an operating segment as of January 1, 2008. Accordingly, we have restated the corresponding items of segment information for prior periods. Our consolidated financial results also reflect corporate-level expenses such as general and administrative, interest and depreciation and amortization. Dynegy's 50 percent investment in DLS Power Development, the dissolution of which will be completed in the first quarter of 2009, is included in Other for segment reporting purposes.
In addition to our operating generation facilities, we own an approximate 37 percent interest in PPEA which, through its wholly owned subsidiary, owns an approximate 57 percent undivided interest in Plum Point, a 665 MW coal-fired power generation facility under construction in Mississippi County, Arkansas, which is included in GEN-MW. We also own a 50 percent interest in SCH, which owns an approximate 64 percent undivided interest in Sandy Creek, an 898 MW power generation facility under construction in McLennan County, Texas, which is included in GEN-WE.
The following is a brief discussion of each of our power generation segments, including a list of key factors that have affected, and are expected to continue to affect, their respective earnings and cash flows. We also present a brief discussion of our corporate-level expenses. This "Overview" section concludes with a discussion of our 2008 company highlights. Please note that this "Overview" section is merely a summary and should be read together with the remainder of this Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, as well as our audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, and the other information included in this report.
Business Discussion
Power Generation Business
We generate earnings and cash flows in the three segments within our power generation business through sales of electric energy, capacity and ancillary services. Primary factors affecting our earnings and cash flows in the power generation business include:
• Prices for power, natural gas, coal and fuel oil, which in turn are largely driven by supply and demand. Demand for power can vary due to weather and general economic conditions, among other things. For example, a warm summer or a cold winter typically increases demand for electricity. Power supplies similarly vary by region and are impacted significantly by available generating capacity, transmission capacity and federal and state regulation;

• The relationship between prices for power and natural gas and prices for power and fuel oil, commonly referred to as the "spark spread", which impacts the margin we earn on the electricity we generate. We believe that our coal-fired generating facilities provide a certain level of predictability of earnings in the near term since our delivered cost of coal, particularly in the Midwest region, is relatively stable and positions us for potential increases in earnings and cash flows in an environment where power prices increase; and

• Our ability to enter into commercial transactions to mitigate near term earnings volatility and our ability to better manage our liquidity requirements resulting from potential changes in collateral requirements as prices move.


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Other factors that have affected, and are expected to continue to affect, earnings and cash flows for this business include:
• Transmission constraints, congestion, and other factors that can affect the price differential between the locations where we deliver generated power and the liquid market hub;

• Our ability to control capital expenditures, which primarily include maintenance, safety, environmental and reliability projects, and to control other costs through disciplined management;

• Overall electricity demand patterns;

• Our ability to optimize our assets by maintaining a high in-market availability, reliable run-time and safe, efficient operations; and

• The cost of compliance with existing and future environmental requirements that are likely to be more stringent and more comprehensive.

Please read Item 1A. Risk Factors for additional factors that could affect our future operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
In addition to these overarching factors, other factors have influenced, and are expected to continue to influence, earnings and cash flows for our three reportable segments within the power generation business as further described below.
Power Generation-Midwest Segment. Our assets in the Midwest segment include a coal-fired fleet and a natural gas-fired fleet. The following specific factors affect or could affect the performance of this reportable segment:
• Our ability to maintain sufficient coal inventories, which is dependent upon the continued performance of the railroads for deliveries of coal in a consistent and timely manner, and its impact on our ability to serve the critical winter and summer on-peak loads;

• Our requirement for the next four years to utilize a significant amount of cash for capital expenditures required to comply with the Consent Decree;

• Changes in the MISO market design or associated rules; and

• Changes in the existing PJM RPM capacity markets or in the bilateral MISO capacity markets and any resulting effect on future capacity revenues.

Power Generation-West Segment. Our assets in the West segment are all natural gas-fired power generating facilities with the exception of our fuel oil-fired Oakland power generating facility. The following specific factors impact or could impact the performance of this reportable segment:
• Our ability to maintain the necessary permits to continue to operate our Moss Landing power generation facility with a once-through, seawater cooling system;

• Our ability to maintain and operate our plants in a manner that ensures we receive full capacity payments under our various tolling agreements; and

• The economic life of our facilities, which could be adversely impacted by contractual obligations, regulatory actions or other factors.


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Power Generation-Northeast Segment. Our assets in the Northeast segment include natural gas, fuel oil and coal-fired power generating facilities. The following specific factors impact or could impact the performance of this reportable segment:
• Our ability to maintain sufficient coal and fuel oil inventories, including continued deliveries of coal in a consistent and timely manner, and maintain access to natural gas, impacts our ability to serve the critical winter and summer on-peak loads; and

• State-driven programs aimed at capping mercury and CO2 emissions will impose additional costs on our power generation facilities.

Other
Other includes corporate-level expenses such as general and administrative and interest. Significant items impacting future earnings and cash flows include:
• Interest expense, which reflects debt with a weighted-average rate of approximately 7 percent;

• General and administrative costs, which will be impacted by, among other things, (i) staffing levels and associated expenses; (ii) funding requirements under our pension plans; and (iii) any future corporate-level litigation reserves or settlements; and

• Income taxes, which will be impacted by our ability to realize our significant alternative minimum tax credits.

Other also includes our former CRM segment, which primarily consists of a minimal number of legacy power and natural gas trading positions that will remain until 2010 and 2017, respectively. 2008 Highlights
DLS Power Holdings and DLS Power Development Dissolution. Effective January 1, 2009, Dynegy entered into an agreement with LS Associates to dissolve DLS Power Holdings and DLS Power Development, our development joint ventures with LS Power Associates. Under the terms of this agreement, we acquired exclusive rights related to repowering and expansion opportunities at our existing facilities. In return, LS Power Associates received a cash payment of approximately $19 million, as well as full rights to new greenfield development opportunities previously held by the joint venture. As a result of this agreement, we recorded a $71 million pre-tax charge related to our investment in the joint ventures, which consisted of a $24 million impairment and a $47 million loss on dissolution. This dissolution has no effect on our ownership rights in the Plum Point or Sandy Creek projects. Please read Note 12-Variable Interest Entities-DLS Power Holdings and DLS Power Development for further discussion. Rolling Hills. On July 31, 2008, we completed the sale of the Rolling Hills power generation facility to an affiliate of Tenaska Capital Management, LLC for approximately $368 million, net of transaction costs. We recorded a gain of approximately $56 million related to the sale of the facility in the third quarter 2008. Please read Note 4-Dispositions, Contract Terminations and Discontinued Operations-Dispositions and Contract Terminations-Rolling Hills for further discussion.
Contingent LC Facility. On June 17, 2008, DHI entered into the Contingent LC Facility with Morgan Stanley. Availability under the Contingent LC Facility is contingent on natural gas prices rising above $13/MMBtu during 2009. In the event that the Contingent LC Facility is utilized, it will complement existing liquidity instruments as a source of additional letters of credit to meet our collateral requirements. Such letters of credit will be available for the purpose of supporting certain commercial and trading contracts and related netting agreements described in the Credit Agreement. Please read Note 15-Debt-Contingent LC Facility for further discussion.


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Sandy Creek. On June 6, 2008, SCEA sold an 11 percent undivided interest in the Sandy Creek Project to an unaffiliated third party, reducing its undivided interest in the project from approximately 75 percent to approximately 64 percent. Losses from unconsolidated investments include a net gain of approximately $13 million related to the sale. Using cash on hand and the proceeds of the sale, SCEA repaid approximately $45 million in project related debt and approximately $7 million in affiliate debt. In addition, we received a distribution of approximately $7 million during the second quarter 2008. Please read Note 12-Variable Interest Entities-Sandy Creek for further discussion.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Overview
In this section, we describe our liquidity and capital requirements including our sources and uses of liquidity and capital resources. Our liquidity and capital requirements are primarily a function of our debt maturities and debt service requirements, collateral requirements, fixed capacity payments and contractual obligations, capital expenditures (including required environmental expenditures), potential funding commitments for our equity investment and working capital needs. Examples of working capital needs include purchases of commodities, particularly natural gas and coal, facility maintenance costs and other costs such as payroll.
Our primary sources of internal liquidity are cash flows from operations, cash on hand, available capacity under our Credit Agreement, of which the revolver capacity of $1,080 million is scheduled to mature in April 2012 and the term letter of credit capacity of $850 million is scheduled to mature in April 2013, and available capacity under our Contingent LC Facility, as described further below. Our primary sources of external liquidity are asset sales proceeds and proceeds from capital market transactions to the extent we engage in these transactions. Operating cash flows provided by our power generation assets and the available cash we currently hold are expected to be sufficient to fund the operation of our business, as well as our planned capital expenditure program, including expenditures in connection with the Consent Decree, and debt service requirements over the next twelve months. We maintain capacity under the Credit Agreement in order to post collateral in the form of letters of credit or cash, and we believe we have sufficient capacity should we be required to post additional collateral. Please read Note 15-Debt-Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Facility for a discussion of the financial covenants contained in the Credit Agreement, as well as the discussion below regarding our Revolver Capacity. Additionally, DHI may borrow money from time to time from Dynegy. Market Conditions
The latter half of 2008 was characterized by turmoil in the financial markets that many have referred to as a liquidity crisis. Several large financial institutions have failed, and stock prices across industries, including Dynegy's, have fallen sharply. These market conditions have resulted in a decreased willingness on the part of lenders to enter into new loans. Although recent market developments have not had a material adverse impact on our ability to conduct our business, they have affected us directly in several ways:
• Lehman Commercial Paper Inc. ("Lehman CP"), a lender under our Credit Agreement, entered bankruptcy proceedings. As a result, our effective availability under the Credit Agreement may be reduced by $70 million to $1.9 billion;

• We recorded a reserve of $3 million as a result of the bankruptcy of LBH. This reserve represents the uncollateralized portion of our $15 million net position arising from our outstanding commercial transactions with a subsidiary of LBH;

• A large money market fund in which we invested a portion of our cash balance lowered its share price below $1, subsequently suspended distributions and commenced liquidation. As a result, we reclassified our $127 million investment from cash equivalents to short-term investments and recorded a $2 million impairment. We have received approximately $100 million of distributions as of December 31, 2008; and

• A decrease in liquidity in the bilateral markets for forward power sales, resulting in increased exchange-traded transactions settling through our futures clearing manager that can potentially result in the need for additional cash collateral postings.


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The banks and other counterparties with which we transact have also been affected by market developments in various ways, which could affect their ability to enter into transactions with us and further impact the way we conduct our business.
Also, as a result of the recent decline in the overall capital markets, the value of our pension plan assets has decreased as of December 31, 2008. Please read Note 21-Employee Compensation, Savings and Pension Plan-Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefits for further discussion. Corporate Matters
On September 14, 2006, Dynegy entered into the Shareholder Agreement with the LS Entities that, among other things, limits the LS Entities' ownership of Dynegy's common stock and restricts the manner in which the LS Entities may transfer their shares of Class B common stock. Specifically, subsequent to April 2, 2009, the LS Entities may:
• continue to hold their 40 percent investment in Dynegy;

• make an offer to purchase all of the outstanding shares of Dynegy's common stock. Upon such offer, we may either (i) accept the offer or
(ii) if requested by the LS Entities, conduct an auction of Dynegy in which the LS Entities may elect whether or not to participate; or

• freely transfer (i.e. sell) their shares of Dynegy's Class B common stock to any person so long as such transfer would not result in such person owning more than 15 percent of the outstanding shares of Dynegy's common stock.

Current Liquidity. The following table summarizes our consolidated revolver capacity and liquidity position at February 20, 2009, December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007:

                                                   February 20,        December 31,        December 31,
                                                       2009                2008                2007
                                                                      (in millions)
Revolver capacity (1) (2) (3)                     $        1,080      $        1,080      $        1,150
Borrowings against revolver capacity                           -                   -                   -
Term letter of credit capacity, net of
required reserves                                            825                 825                 825
Plum Point and Sandy Creek letter of credit
capacity                                                     377                 377                 425
Available contingent letter of credit facility
capacity (4)                                                   -                   -                   -
Outstanding letters of credit                             (1,104 )            (1,135 )            (1,279 )

Unused capacity                                            1,178               1,147               1,121
Cash-DHI                                                     675                 670                 292

Total available liquidity-DHI                              1,853               1,817               1,413
Cash-Dynegy                                                  183                  23                  36

Total available liquidity-Dynegy                  $        2,036      $        1,840      $        1,449

(1) Lehman CP filed for protection from creditors under the bankruptcy law in October 2008, thus potentially reducing the available capacity of the revolving portion of the Credit Agreement by $70 million. Please read Note 15-Debt-Credit Agreement for further discussion. We continue to believe that we maintain sufficient liquidity despite any such reduction in the available capacity under the revolving portion of our Credit Agreement.

(2) We currently have 15 lenders participating in the revolving portion of our Credit Agreement with commitments ranging from $10 million to $105 million. Other than the commitment from Lehman CP, we have not experienced, nor do we currently anticipate, any difficulties in obtaining funding from any of the remaining lenders at this time. However, we continue to monitor the environment, and any lack of or delay in funding by a significant member or multiple members of our banking group could negatively affect our liquidity position.

(3) Based on management's current forecast of financial performance during 2009, DHI's available liquidity under the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Facility may be reduced temporarily in order to remain in compliance with the secured debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio.

(4) Under the terms of the Contingent LC Facility, up to $300 million of capacity can become available, contingent on 2009 forward natural gas prices rising above $13/MMBtu. Over the course of 2009, the ratio of availability per dollar increase in natural gas prices will be reduced, on a pro rata monthly basis, to zero by year-end.


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Cash on Hand. At February 20, 2009 and December 31, 2008, Dynegy had cash on hand of $858 million and $693 million, respectively, as compared to $328 million at the end of 2007. The increase in cash on hand at February 20, 2009 compared with December 31, 2008 is the result of cash provided by the operating activities of our generating business. The change in cash on hand at December 31, 2008 as compared to the end of 2007 is primarily attributable to cash provided by the operating activities of our generating business, proceeds received from the sale of our Rolling Hills and Calcasieu power generation facilities and reduced capital commitments in connection with the Sandy Creek Project due to the sale of an approximate 11 percent ownership interest, partly offset by capital expenditures and payments on our DNE Leveraged lease. At February 20, 2009 and December 31, 2008, DHI had cash on hand of $675 million and $670 million, respectively, as compared to $292 million at the end of 2007. Cash provided by the operating activities of our generating business for the period from December 31, 2008 to February 20, 2009 was offset by the payment of a $175 million dividend from DHI to Dynegy in January, 2009. The increase in cash on hand at December 31, 2008 as compared to the end of 2007 is primarily attributable to cash provided by the operating activities of our generating business and proceeds received from the sale of our Rolling Hills and Calcasieu power generation facilities and reduced capital commitments in connection with the Sandy Creek Project due to the sale of an approximate 11 percent ownership interest, partly offset by capital expenditures, dividends paid to Dynegy and payments on our DNE Leveraged lease.
Revolver Capacity. On April 2, 2007, DHI entered into the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Facility, which is our primary credit facility. On May 24, 2007, DHI entered into an amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Facility. As of February 20, 2009, $1,104 million in letters of credit are outstanding but undrawn, and we have no revolving loan amounts drawn under the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Facility. The Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Facility has financial covenants which could restrict our ability to realize full capacity utilization based on levels of realized EBITDA, all as defined in Section 7.11 of the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Facility. Based on management's current forecast of financial performance during 2009, DHI's available liquidity under the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Facility may be reduced temporarily in order to remain in compliance with the secured debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio. Please read Note 15-Debt-Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Facility for further discussion of our amended credit facility. Operating Activities
Historical Operating Cash Flows. Dynegy's cash flow provided by operations totaled $319 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2008. DHI's cash flow provided by operations totaled $319 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2008. During the period, our power generation business provided positive cash flow from operations of $869 million from the operation of our power generation facilities, reflecting positive earnings for the period, partly offset by additional collateral requirements due to an increase in the volume of our hedging positions and increased payments associated with our DNE leveraged lease. Corporate and other operations included a use of approximately $550 million in cash by Dynegy and DHI primarily due to interest payments to service debt, general and administrative expenses and a $17 million legal settlement payment previously reserved, partially offset by interest income. Dynegy's cash flow provided by operations totaled $341 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2007. DHI's cash flow provided by operations totaled $368 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2007. During the period, our power generation business provided positive cash flow from operations of $934 million primarily due to positive earnings for the period, partly offset by an increased use of working capital. Corporate and other operations included a use of approximately $593 million in cash by Dynegy and approximately $566 million in cash by DHI relating to corporate-level expenses and our former customer risk management business.
Dynegy's cash flow used in operations totaled $194 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2006. DHI's cash flow used in operations totaled $205 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2006. During the period, our power generation business provided positive cash flow from operations of $698 million primarily due to positive earnings for the period, decreases in working capital due to returns of cash collateral postings and decreased accounts receivable balances. Corporate and other operations included a use of approximately $892 million in cash by Dynegy and approximately $903 million in cash by DHI relating to corporate-level expenses and our former customer risk management business.


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Future Operating Cash Flows. Our future operating cash flows will vary based on a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the price of natural gas and its correlation to power prices, the cost of coal and fuel oil, the value of capacity and ancillary services and legal and regulatory requirements. Additionally, the availability of our plants during peak demand periods will be required to allow us to capture attractive market prices when available. Over the longer term, our operating cash flows also will be impacted by, among other things, our ability to tightly manage our operating costs, including maintenance costs, in balance with ensuring that our plants are available to operate when markets offer attractive returns.
Collateral Postings. We use a significant portion of our capital resources, in the form of cash and letters of credit, to satisfy counterparty collateral demands. These counterparty collateral demands reflect our non-investment grade credit ratings and counterparties' views of our financial condition and ability to satisfy our performance obligations, as well as commodity prices and other factors. The following table summarizes our consolidated collateral postings to third parties by line of business at February 20, 2009, December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007:

                               February 20,      December 31,      December 31,
                                   2009              2008              2007
                                                 (in millions)
         By Business:
         Generation business   $       1,128     $       1,064     $       1,130
         Other                           189               189               202


         Total                 $       1,317     $       1,253     $       1,332

         By Type:
         Cash (1)              $         213     $         118     $          53
         Letters of credit             1,104             1,135             1,279


         Total                 $       1,317     $       1,253     $       1,332

(1) Cash collateral postings exclude the effect of cash inflows and outflows arising from the daily settlements of our exchange-traded or brokered commodity futures positions held with our futures clearing manager.

The changes in collateral postings are primarily due to the volume of forward . . .

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