Search the web
Welcome, Guest
[Sign Out, My Account]
EDGAR_Online

Quotes & Info
Enter Symbol(s):
e.g. YHOO, ^DJI
Symbol Lookup | Financial Search
LUV > SEC Filings for LUV > Form 10-K on 2-Feb-2009All Recent SEC Filings

Show all filings for SOUTHWEST AIRLINES CO | Request a Trial to NEW EDGAR Online Pro

Form 10-K for SOUTHWEST AIRLINES CO


2-Feb-2009

Annual Report


Item 7. Management's Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations

Year in Review

For the 36th consecutive year, the Company reported a net profit, earning $178 million ($.24 per share, diluted) in 2008. In addition, the Company recorded operating profits in all four quarters of 2008, as it has now done in 71 consecutive quarters dating back to the second quarter of 1991. Given the significance of events that took place during 2008, the Company's challenge to continue these streaks was unprecedented in recent history.

Demand for air travel, especially for the low fares offered by the Company, was strong during the first half of 2008 and through the summer months. However, demand for air travel waned, especially during fourth quarter 2008, which the Company believes was a result of the crisis experienced in worldwide credit markets and the domestic recessionary environment that became evident during the year. The Company was able to gradually raise fares throughout most of the year to combat an enormous increase in fuel prices; however, during the fourth quarter, the Company offered more discounted fares in order to stimulate demand as the number of people choosing to travel by air declined versus the prior year. The Company's ability to raise fares during 2008 (as well as to keep prior fare increases in place) was due in part to competitor capacity reductions in certain of the Company's markets - especially beginning in September 2008, but was also aided by several Company initiatives including: a slowing of internal capacity growth at times during 2008; optimizing the flight schedule to eliminate unproductive and less popular flights and reallocating capacity to fund market growth opportunities such as Denver, and the upcoming addition of the Company's newest city, Minneapolis-St. Paul (beginning service in March 2009); enhancement of revenue management technologies, processes, and techniques; and aggressive promotion of the Company's No Hidden Fees, Low Fare brand.

In addition to having a significant impact on the entire U.S. economy, energy and fuel prices were again a major story for airlines during 2008. After beginning the year at approximately $100 per barrel, the price of crude oil skyrocketed to over $145 in July 2008. This caused the Company, as well as all major U.S. airlines, to reconsider growth and capacity plans for the near future, as the devastating impact of these fuel prices was evident in the financial results of all domestic airlines. The summer spike in oil prices, as well as other clearly evident deteriorating economic conditions that followed, caused the Company to modify its growth and to plan for an expected decrease in demand for air travel.

Even with fuel derivative instruments in place for approximately 78 percent of the Company's fuel consumption during 2008, the Company's fuel and oil expense increased $1.0 billion versus 2007. The fuel derivative instruments the Company had in place for 2008 resulted in settlement gains of $1.3 billion (on a cash basis, before profitsharing and income taxes), which was an increase of $566 million compared to the fuel derivative cash settlement gains the Company received during 2007. As a result of the rapid collapse in energy prices during fourth quarter 2008, the Company has effectively reduced its net fuel hedge position in place for the years from 2009 through 2013 to approximately ten percent of its anticipated fuel consumption in each of those years. Due to the manner in which the Company reduced its fuel hedge for these future years (primarily by selling swap instruments, which in most cases were sold at lower prices than the positions that were previously purchased), and disregarding any future potential activity involving fuel derivative instruments, the Company has fixed some losses associated with these instruments and expects to pay higher than market prices for fuel for these periods. The market value (as of December 31, 2008) of the Company's net fuel derivative contracts for 2009 through 2013 reflects a net liability of approximately $992 million. Based on this liability at December 31, 2008 (and assuming no change to the fuel hedge portfolio), the Company's jet fuel costs per gallon would exceed market (or unhedged) prices by approximately $.16 to $.17 in each year from 2009 to 2011, $.10 in 2012, and $.08 in 2013. These estimates are based on expected future cash settlements from fuel derivatives, but exclude any Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended (SFAS 133) impact associated with the ineffectiveness of fuel hedges or fuel derivatives that are marked to market value because they do not qualify for special hedge accounting. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.


Table of Contents

Although the Company's 2008 net income of $178 million ($.24 per share, diluted) declined compared to 2007 net income of $645 million ($.84 per share, diluted), much of the decline was driven by a fluctuation in certain gains and losses, recorded in accordance with SFAS 133, that relate to fuel derivatives expiring in future periods. These instruments contributed net losses totaling $19 million in 2008, but had resulted in net gains totaling $360 million for 2007. Operating income for 2008 was $449 million, a 43.2 percent decrease compared to 2007. The lower 2008 operating income primarily was due to the 35.6 percent increase in the Company's average fuel cost per gallon, including hedging, which counteracted an 11.8 percent increase in operating revenues.

Looking ahead to 2009, the Company remains cautious about demand for air travel given current domestic economic conditions. However, the rapid decline in fuel prices combined with the announced cutbacks in domestic capacity by major U.S. airlines, have thus far mitigated much of the impact of fewer people flying. The Company expects its net available seat mile (ASM) capacity in first quarter 2009 to be approximately four to five percent lower than first quarter 2008. However, at this same time, competitors have reduced their seats by approximately 15 percent in certain markets where they compete with the Company. The Company has announced it will start service to Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, beginning in March 2009, representing the 65th city and 33rd state to which the Company flies. In addition, the Company has received initial approval to acquire 14 take-off and landing slots at New York's LaGuardia airport from the former ATA Airlines, Inc., which filed for bankruptcy protection in April 2008. Pending final approval by the bankruptcy court and closing of the transaction, which is currently expected to be in March 2009, the Company could begin flying up to seven daily roundtrips to LaGuardia as early as summer 2009.

The Company also announced its intention to enter into codeshare agreements with two different airlines - Canadian carrier WestJet and Mexican carrier Volaris. The Company and WestJet plan to announce codeshare flight schedules and additional features regarding the relationship by late 2009. The Company and Volaris plan to announce codeshare flight schedules and additional features regarding the relationship by early 2010. Certain details of these alliances are subject to approvals by both the U.S. and Canadian/Mexican governments. The Company is also continuing to consider codeshare opportunities with other carriers, both domestic and international.

For the year 2009, the Company currently plans to reduce its fleet by a net two aircraft. The Company plans to add 13 new 737-700 aircraft from Boeing, and plans to return from lease or retire a total of fifteen aircraft. Based on current plans, the Company's fleet is scheduled to total 535 737s by the end of 2009.

Results of Operations

2008 compared with 2007

The Company's net income of $178 million ($.24 per share, diluted) in 2008 represented a decrease of $467 million, or 72.4 percent, compared to its 2007 net income of $645 million ($.84 per share, diluted). The majority of the decline in net income was due to the fluctuation of certain gains and losses, recorded in accordance with SFAS 133. These included adjustments impacting earnings through the recording of gains and/or losses in 2008 and 2007 associated with fuel derivatives expiring in future periods, and settlement/expiration of fuel derivative instruments for cash in 2008 or 2007, but for which gains and/or losses had been recorded in earnings in a prior period. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. Both of these types of adjustments are related to the ineffectiveness of hedges and the loss of hedge accounting for certain fuel derivatives. Adjustments associated with fuel derivative instruments and SFAS 133 included $19 million in net losses for 2008, and $360 million in net gains for 2007. These are included in "Other (gains) losses, net," which is below the operating income line, in both periods. Due to the fact that items associated with SFAS 133 have resulted in large adjustments to "Other (gains) losses, net," the Company believes operating income provides a better indication of the Company's financial performance for both 2008 and 2007 than does net income. The Company's 2008 operating income was $449 million, a decrease of $342 million, or 43.2 percent, compared to 2007. The majority of this decrease in 2008 was due to the substantial increase in fuel expense, despite the fact that the Company once again benefited tremendously from its fuel hedging program. Entering 2008, the Company had instruments in place for over 75 percent of its anticipated fuel consumption needs at an average crude oil equivalent price of $51 per


Table of Contents

barrel. Even with this protection, however, the Company's average jet fuel cost per gallon increased from $1.80 in 2007 to $2.44 in 2008.

Operating Revenues

Consolidated operating revenues increased $1.2 billion, or 11.8 percent, primarily due to a $1.1 billion, or 11.5 percent, increase in passenger revenues. Despite carrying approximately the same number of passengers as 2007, the Company was able to generate an 11.8 percent increase in average fares. The Company raised fares several times during 2008 in an attempt to keep up with rapidly increasing jet fuel prices. This strategy was aided by the Company's own slowdown in growth as well as significant capacity reductions by competitors in certain of the Company's markets. The Company purchased a total of 26 new Boeing 737-700 aircraft during 2008, and returned nine 737-300s from lease, resulting in the net addition of 17 aircraft for the year. This fleet growth enabled the Company to fly 3.6 percent more ASMs in 2008 versus the prior year. However, as a result of higher fares and general economic conditions, revenue passenger miles (RPMs) increased only 1.6 percent, resulting in a load factor decrease of 1.4 points to 71.2 percent. As a result of the Company's management of fares, passenger revenue yield per RPM (passenger revenues divided by RPMs) increased 9.7 percent compared to 2007. Unit revenue (operating revenues divided by ASMs) also increased 7.8 percent compared to 2007 levels, primarily as a result of the higher RPM yield. Based on weak economic conditions, which are expected to persist at least in the short term, the Company had previously made the decision to further reduce its future capacity. The Company expects a four to five percent reduction in ASMs in first quarter 2009 compared to first quarter 2008 and approximately a four percent year-over-year decline in ASMs for full year 2009. Although recent unit revenue trends continue to be above prior year levels, there is no assurance this trend will continue. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the nation's overall economy, it is difficult for the Company to precisely predict first quarter 2009 revenues.

Consolidated freight revenues increased $15 million, or 11.5 percent, versus 2007. This increase primarily was due to higher rates charged for cargo and freight during 2008. The Company currently expects a slight increase in consolidated freight revenues during first quarter 2009 versus first quarter 2008, primarily due to higher rates charged. "Other revenues" increased $55 million, or 20.1 percent, compared to 2007. Approximately half of the increase was due to an increase in charter revenues versus 2007 as the Company flew charters that were not operated by competitors due to capacity reductions and/or bankruptcy. The majority of the remainder of the increase was from higher commissions earned from programs the Company sponsors with certain business partners, such as the Company sponsored Chase® Visa card. The Company currently expects a slight year-over-year decrease in first quarter 2009 "Other revenues" compared to first quarter 2008 primarily due to lower expected charter revenues.

Operating Expenses

Consolidated operating expenses for 2008 increased $1.5 billion, or 16.6 percent, compared to a 3.6 percent increase in capacity. Historically, except for changes in the price of fuel, changes in operating expenses for airlines are typically driven by changes in capacity, or ASMs. The following presents the Company's operating expenses per ASM for 2008 and 2007 followed by explanations of these changes on a per-ASM basis and/or on a dollar basis (in cents, except for percentages):

                                                              Increase      Percent
                                          2008      2007     (decrease)     change
      Salaries, wages, and benefits        3.23 ¢   3.22 ¢          .01 ¢        .3 %
      Fuel and oil                         3.60     2.70            .90        33.3
      Maintenance materials and repairs     .70      .62            .08        12.9
      Aircraft rentals                      .15      .16           (.01 )      (6.3 )
      Landing fees and other rentals        .64      .56            .08        14.3
      Depreciation and amortization         .58      .56            .02         3.6
      Other                                1.34     1.28            .06         4.7

      Total                               10.24 ¢   9.10 ¢         1.14 ¢      12.5 %


Table of Contents

The Company's 2008 CASM (cost per available seat mile) increased 12.5 percent compared to 2007. Approximately 80 percent of this increase was due to the increase in fuel expense, net of gains from the Company's fuel hedging program. The majority of the remainder of the increase was due to higher airport costs and maintenance expense. As a result of higher fuel prices throughout much of 2008, the Company has continued its diligent focus on improving fuel efficiency and controlling non-fuel costs. The Company has implemented various technology improvements, which have improved efficiency and enabled the Company to grow headcount at either the same or a slower rate than capacity. Based on current cost trends, the Company expects first quarter 2009 unit costs to increase from first quarter 2008's 9.69 cents, excluding any impact associated with the ineffectiveness of fuel hedges or fuel derivatives that are marked to market value because they do not qualify for special hedge accounting, primarily due to higher salaries, wages, and benefits and the continuation of higher maintenance costs. Unit costs will be negatively impacted due to the Company's decision to decrease its capacity versus first quarter 2008, as it will have similar or higher fixed costs that are spread over fewer ASMs.

Salaries, wages, and benefits increased $127 million on an absolute dollar basis. Nearly the entire increase was from higher salaries and wages, primarily as a result of higher average wage rates. An increase in health and workers compensation benefits primarily caused by inflationary increases in the cost of medical care was mostly offset by a $46 million decrease in profitsharing, attributable to lower income available for profitsharing. The Company's profitsharing expense excludes the unrealized gains and/or losses the Company records in its fuel hedging program as a result of SFAS 133. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on SFAS 133 and fuel hedging. Salaries, wages, and benefits expense per ASM was basically flat compared to 2007. Salaries and wages per ASM increased primarily due to higher wage rates, but were almost completely offset by a decline in profitsharing expense per ASM, as capacity grew 3.6 percent, but profitsharing expense declined 34.7 percent versus 2007. Based on current trends, the Company expects salaries, wages, and benefits per ASM in first quarter 2009 to slightly increase from fourth quarter 2008's unit cost of 3.32 cents, but not exceed 3.40 cents per ASM.

The Company's Pilots are subject to an agreement between the Company and the Southwest Airlines Pilots' Association ("SWAPA"), which became amendable during September 2006. The Company and SWAPA are currently in discussions on a new agreement.

The Company's Flight Attendants are subject to an agreement between the Company and the Transport Workers Union of America, AFL-CIO Local 556 ("TWU 556"), which became amendable in June 2008. The Company and TWU are currently in discussions on a new agreement.

The Company's Ramp, Operations, Provisioning, and Freight Agents are subject to an agreement between the Company and the Transport Workers Union of America, AFL-CIO Local 555 ("TWU 555"), which became amendable in July 2008. The Company and TWU are currently in mediation.

The Company's Stock Clerks are subject to an agreement between the Company and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Local 19 ("IBT Local 19"), and the Company's Mechanics are subject to an agreement between the Company and the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association ("AMFA"). Both of these agreements became amendable in August 2008. The Company and AMFA reached a Tentative Agreement on behalf of the Southwest Mechanics in fourth quarter 2008, which was ratified by the Mechanics during January 2009. The Company and IBT Local 19 remain in discussions on a new agreement for the Company's Stock Clerks.

The Company's Customer Service and Reservations Agents are subject to an agreement between the Company and the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, AFL-CIO ("IAM"), which became amendable in November 2008. The Company and IAM are currently in discussions on a new agreement.

The Company's Aircraft Appearance Technicians and Flight Dispatchers are subject to agreements between the Company and AMFA and the Company and the Transportation Workers of America, AFL-CIO, Local 550, which will become amendable in February 2009 and November 2009, respectively.

Fuel and oil expense increased $1.0 billion, or 38.0 percent, and on a per-ASM basis increased 33.3


Table of Contents

percent versus 2007. Both the dollar and the per-ASM increase were driven primarily by a 35.6 percent increase in the average price per gallon for jet fuel, including the impact of fuel derivatives used in hedging, and including related taxes. As a result of the Company's fuel hedging program and inclusive of the impact of SFAS 133, the Company recognized net gains totaling $1.1 billion in 2008 relating to fuel derivative instruments versus $686 million of net gains recognized in 2007. Cash settlements realized from the expiration/settlement of fuel derivatives were $1.3 billion in 2008 versus $727 million for 2007. The primary reason that gains recognized in Fuel and oil expense during 2008 were less than the cash settlement of fuel derivatives was due to the fact that a portion of the gains associated with these settlements had already been recognized in earnings in prior periods, as they were associated with ineffective hedges or derivatives that did not qualify for SFAS 133 special hedge accounting. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The 2008 increase in fuel prices was partially offset by steps the Company has taken to improve the fuel efficiency of its aircraft, its aircraft engines, and its flight plans and procedures. These steps resulted in a 2.1 percent reduction in fuel gallons consumed per ASM flown for 2008 versus 2007.

As of December 31, 2008, the Company holds fuel hedge positions for the years from 2009 through 2013. For each of these years, the Company has a net fuel hedge position for approximately ten percent of its currently forecasted fuel consumption for those periods. As of October 15, 2008, the Company had more significant fuel derivative positions related to these future periods, but during fourth quarter 2008, made the decision to reduce such positions to the current levels. The Company accomplished this reduced hedge by entering into additional derivative contracts - through selling primarily fixed-price swap derivatives. The Company believes this strategy enables it to participate in further price declines via the sold derivatives, which should materially offset further declines in value of the Company's previously purchased derivatives. This decision also benefitted the Company by reducing its exposure to cash collateral requirements the Company would be required to post with its counterparties if market prices continued to fall. Since, in many cases, fuel derivatives were sold at lower prices than the positions that were previously purchased, and disregarding any future potential activity involving fuel derivative instruments, the Company has fixed some losses associated with these instruments and currently expects to pay higher than market prices for fuel for these future periods.

Maintenance materials and repairs per ASM increased 12.9 percent compared to 2007, while increasing $105 million on a dollar basis. On both a dollar basis and a per ASM basis, engine expense accounted for almost 60 percent of the increase and airframe expense accounted for approximately 40 percent of the increase. The majority of the increase in engine costs related to the Company's 737-700 aircraft. For all of 2007 and the first half of 2008, these aircraft engines were accounted for on a time and materials basis. During the first half of 2008, there were significantly more repair events for these engines than in the first half of 2007. This was due to the fact that the 737-700 is the newest aircraft type in the Company's fleet, and, as this fleet has matured, the number of engines on these aircraft undergoing their first major overhaul has increased. As further discussed below, in June 2008, the Company transitioned to a new engine repair agreement for these aircraft and, as noted below, expense is now based on flight hours associated with 737-700 engines. The expense for 737-700 engines recognized in the second half of 2008 associated with the current agreement also exceeded the expense recognized in the second half of 2007, when repairs were still being accounted for on a time and materials basis. The increase in airframe expense primarily was due to more planned airframe inspection and repair events than in the prior year. These events, which are required based on the number of flight hours each individual aircraft has flown, were higher in number as well as cost per event.

In June 2008, the Company transitioned from its previous 737-700 engine repair agreement with GE Engines Services, Inc. (GE Engines), under which repairs were done pursuant to a combination of fixed pricing and time and material terms, to a new agreement with GE Engines that provides for engine repairs to be done on a rate per flight hour basis. The previous agreement was set to expire in 2013, while the new agreement will expire in 2018. The new agreement covers all engines currently in the Company's 737-700 fleet as well as future firm deliveries for this aircraft type. Under this new agreement, the Company has effectively transferred risk for specified future repairs and maintenance on


Table of Contents

these engines to the service provider and will pay GE Engines a contractual rate per hour flown, as stated in the agreement. Since expense for these engine repairs is now based on engine hours flown, as it is for the Company's 737-300 and 737-500 fleet, this new agreement allows the Company to more reliably predict future engine repair costs. Considering the new agreement, the Company expects Maintenance materials and repairs per ASM for first quarter 2009 to be similar to the .78 cents per ASM experienced in fourth quarter 2008, based on currently scheduled airframe maintenance events and projected engine hours flown.

Aircraft rentals expense per ASM decreased 6.3 percent and, on a dollar basis, decreased slightly. Both decreases primarily were due to the fact that the Company returned nine operating lease aircraft to lessors during 2008 while the Company's overall ASM capacity increased 3.6 percent - through purchases of new aircraft from Boeing. The Company executed a sale and leaseback of five of its 737-700 aircraft during December 2008, and the leases qualified as operating leases. The Company also executed a sale and leaseback of an additional five of its 737-700 aircraft during first quarter 2009, and has determined that these leases will be classified as operating leases. As a result of these transactions, the Company currently expects rental expense per ASM for first quarter 2009 to be in the .18 cent range.

Landing fees and other rentals increased $102 million on a dollar basis and increased 14.3 percent on a per-ASM basis, compared to 2007. The majority of both the dollar increase and per ASM increase was due to higher space rentals in airports as a result of both space increases by the Company to accommodate new flight activity and higher rates charged by those airports for gate and terminal space. A portion of these higher rates charged by airports was due to other airlines' reduced capacity, as airport costs are then allocated among a fewer number of total flights. As a consequence of this continued rate inflation at various airports, the Company currently expects Landing fees and other rentals per ASM in first quarter 2009 to be in the low .70 cents per ASM range.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $44 million on a dollar basis compared to 2007, and was up 3.6 percent on a per-ASM basis. The dollar increase primarily was due to the 26 new 737-700 aircraft purchased during 2008. On a per ASM basis, the increase was due to a higher proportion of the Company's 2008 growth being accomplished through owned aircraft. Prior to the sale and leaseback of five aircraft executed during December 2008, the Company had purchased the 26 new aircraft received during 2008 and had returned nine previously leased aircraft back to lessors, thereby increasing the percentage of the fleet owned. Taking into account the sale and leaseback transactions completed in December 2008 and January 2009, the Company expects an increase in depreciation expense for first quarter 2009 on a per-ASM basis compared to fourth quarter 2008, due to approximately the same number of owned aircraft spread over a reduced number of ASMs. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the Company's future aircraft deliveries and Note 8 for further information on the sale and leaseback transactions.

Other operating expenses increased $105 million and were up 4.7 percent on a per-ASM basis, compared to 2007. The majority of the increases on both a dollar basis and a per ASM basis were due to an increase in revenue-related costs associated with the 11.5 percent increase in passenger revenues (such as credit card processing fees). Taking into account the reclassification of fuel taxes into "Fuel and oil" expense as noted in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company currently expects other operating expenses on a per-ASM basis for first quarter 2009 to be in the 1.50 cents range, primarily due to . . .

  Add LUV to Portfolio     Set Alert         Email to a Friend  
Get SEC Filings for Another Symbol: Symbol Lookup
Quotes & Info for LUV - All Recent SEC Filings
Sign Up for a Free Trial to the NEW EDGAR Online Pro
Detailed SEC, Financial, Ownership and Offering Data on over 12,000 U.S. Public Companies.
Actionable and easy-to-use with searching, alerting, downloading and more.
Request a Trial      Sign Up Now


Copyright © 2009 Yahoo! Inc. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy - Terms of Service
SEC Filing data and information provided by EDGAR Online, Inc. (1-800-416-6651). All information provided "as is" for informational purposes only, not intended for trading purposes or advice. Neither Yahoo! nor any of independent providers is liable for any informational errors, incompleteness, or delays, or for any actions taken in reliance on information contained herein. By accessing the Yahoo! site, you agree not to redistribute the information found therein.