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12-Nov-2008
Quarterly Report
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is intended to help you understand MF Global Ltd. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated and combined financial statements and the accompanying notes, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Business Overview
We believe we are the leading broker of exchange-listed futures and options in the world. We provide our clients with fast, cost-effective trade execution and clearing services for derivative and cash products across a broad range of markets, including interest rates, equities, foreign exchange, energy and metals as well as agricultural and other commodities, throughout most of the world's major financial centers. We provide our clients with market access through our brokers, relationships with introducing brokers and online trading platforms. Our clients include institutions, hedge funds and other asset managers, as well as professional traders and private clients. We have offices in New York, London, Chicago, Paris, Mumbai, Singapore, Sydney, Toronto, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Taipei, Dubai, and other locations. Our business is based on a diversified yet fully integrated business model that allows us to offer a variety of products across a broad range of markets, geographic regions and clients and through multiple distribution channels. We operate and manage our business as a single operating segment. We do not manage our business by services or product lines, market types, geographic regions, client segments or any other exclusive category.
We have experienced overall growth in transactions volumes in recent years as the result of increased volatility in many of the markets in which we operate. Consistent with trading activity on major exchanges, our total volume of exchange-traded futures and options decreased 7.4% from 541.5 million contracts in the three months ended September 30, 2007 to 501.4 million contracts in the three months ended September 30, 2008, most notably in August 2008 when volumes were down compared to record volumes in the comparable period last year. The total volume of exchange-traded futures and options transactions we executed and cleared increased 4.3% from 1,001.3 million contracts in the six months ended September 30, 2007 to 1,043.9 million contracts in the six months ended September 30, 2008. The increase in the six months period is due to higher volumes in the prior three months. For a discussion of the manner in which we calculate our volumes, see "-Factors Affecting our Results-Trading Volumes and Volatility".
We derive revenues from four main sources: commissions from agency execution; commissions from clearing services; markups from principal transactions, primarily consisting of client trades executed on a matched-principal basis; and interest income on cash balances in our clients' accounts, most of which are maintained by our clearing clients to meet margin requirements as well as interest related to our fixed income and principal transactions activities.
Significant Business Developments
Reorganization and Separation
In July 2007, Man Group plc ("Man Group") separated its brokerage business from its asset management business by transferring to us all of the entities and net assets of Man Group and its subsidiaries that comprised its brokerage business, formerly known as Man Financial. In the separation, Man Group retained its asset management business. Man Group transferred the brokerage unit to MF Global Holdings Overseas Limited (formerly known as Man Financial Overseas Ltd.) and MF Global Holdings Europe Limited (formerly known as ED&F Man Group Ltd.), two holding companies incorporated in the United Kingdom (the "Reorganization"). Man Group completed the separation of the brokerage business by transferring all of the outstanding capital stock of MF Global Holdings Overseas Limited, MF Global Holdings Europe Limited, MF Global Singapore Pte Limited (formerly known as Man Financial (S) Pte Limited), and MF Global Holdings HK Limited (formerly known as Man Financial Holdings (HK) Ltd.) to us in exchange for 103,726,353 of our common shares (the "Separation"). Following the Reorganization and Separation, Man Group also made a net capital contribution of $516.2 million in cash to us in return for 17,379,493 common shares (the "Recapitalization").
Initial Public Offering
In July 2007, we completed our initial public offering, or IPO, of 97,379,765 of our common shares, all of which were sold by a subsidiary of Man Group at a price of $30 per share or retained by Man Group through one of its subsidiaries. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of these common shares. Man Group currently retains approximately 18.5% of our common shares as of September 30, 2008.
In connection with the IPO, we established the 2007 Long-term Incentive Plan ("LTIP") which provides for the grant of equity compensation awards to eligible employees, consultants, directors and other individuals who provide services to us. In connection with the IPO, we issued restricted share units, share options, and restricted shares under the LTIP. Restricted share units and restricted shares issued in connection with the IPO are defined as non-recurring IPO awards and accounted for as employee compensation related to non-recurring IPO awards on our unaudited Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations. The stock compensation charge related to these non-recurring IPO awards is considered a non-cash charge as the cost was incurred by Man Group as part of the IPO. See "-Results of Operations" and Note 9 to our unaudited consolidated and combined financial statements for further details.
Issuance of Non-Cumulative Convertible Preference Shares and Convertible Notes
On June 25, 2008, we completed the issuance and sale of (i) $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 9.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2038 (the "Convertible Notes") and (ii) $150.0 million in aggregate liquidation preference of our 9.75% Non-Cumulative Convertible Preference Shares, Series B (the "Series B Preference Shares"). See Notes 8 and 16 to our unaudited consolidated and combined financial statements for further details. In August 2008, the initial purchasers of the Convertible Notes exercised their option to purchase an additional $60.0 million aggregate principal amount of such notes.
Issuance of Cumulative Convertible Preference Shares and Backstop Commitment
We signed a definitive agreement, dated as of May 20, 2008 and as amended on June 10, 2008, which we refer to as the "backstop commitment", with an affiliate of J.C. Flowers & Co. LLC in which J.C. Flowers agreed to provide a commitment of up to $300.0 million toward the sale of equity or equity-linked securities. Under the terms of the backstop commitment, on July 18, 2008, J.C. Flowers purchased $150.0 million in aggregate liquidation preference of a new series of equity securities in the form of cumulative convertible preference shares, Series A (the "Series A Preference Shares"). See Note 16 to our unaudited consolidated and combined financial statements for further details.
Two-Year Term Facility
On July 18, 2008, we entered into a credit agreement with several banks that provided for a two-year, $300.0 million unsecured term loan facility (the "Two-Year Term Facility") which has enabled us to prepay loans under our bridge facility that were otherwise due and payable on December 12, 2008. Borrowings under the Two-Year Term Facility expire July 16, 2010. See Note 8 to our unaudited consolidated and combined financial statements for further details.
Factors Affecting Our Results
Our business environment directly affects our results of operations. Our results of operations have been and will continue to be affected by many factors, including economic, political and market conditions, broad trends in the brokerage and finance industry, changes in the level of trading activity in the broader marketplace, price levels and price volatility in the derivatives, interest rate, equity, foreign exchange and commodity markets, legislative and regulatory changes and competition, among other factors. Specifically, our business has been impacted by turmoil in global markets. Financial markets experienced elevated levels of volatility due to concerns about the outlook for global growth and inflation and, in addition, the global equity markets experienced significant declines, mortgage and corporate credit spreads widened and the U.S. dollar appreciated against the Euro, British pound and Japanese yen. All of these factors have contributed to our results for the periods presented. Our revenues are substantially dependent on the volume of client transactions we execute and clear, the volatility in the principal markets in which we operate, as well as prevailing interest rates, each of which are described below.
Trading Volumes and Volatility
Our trading volumes are particularly dependent on our clients' demand for exchange-traded and OTC derivative products, which relate to interest rates, equities, foreign exchange and commodities. Demand for these products is driven by a number of factors, including the degree of volatility of the market prices of the underlying assets-that is, the extent to which and how rapidly those prices change during a given period. Higher price volatility increases the need for some clients to manage price risk and creates opportunities for speculative trading for others. While higher prices do not necessarily lead to increases in trading volumes, changes in
the absolute price levels of financial assets or commodities can have a significant impact on trading volumes. The total volume of exchange-traded futures and options transactions we executed and cleared decreased 7.4% from 541.5 million contracts in the three months ended September 30, 2007 to 501.4 million contracts in the three months ended September 30, 2008 and increased 4.3% from 1,001.3 million contracts in the six months ended September 30, 2007 to 1,043.9 million contracts in the six months ended September 30, 2008.
All volume statistics presented herein for the three and six months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 include exchange-traded futures and options contract volumes as derived from our reporting systems, excluding intercompany volumes. We are continuing to enhance our reporting systems in order to improve the analysis of operating data generated by our business.
The global derivatives sector of our industry has experienced rapid growth in recent years based on the volume of exchange-traded derivatives and the notional amounts of OTC derivatives. We believe that the trends driving this growth-such as globalization, the migration to electronic markets, increased asset allocations to derivative products by institutions, hedge funds and other asset managers, the proliferation of risk management practices, the move to commercially oriented business practices at exchanges and market convergence-have contributed to higher volumes of derivatives and cash transactions in many of our markets.
Interest
Our net interest income, calculated as interest income less interest expense, is directly affected by the spread between short-term interest rates we pay our clients on their account balances and the short-term interest rates we earn from cash balances we hold as well as the duration of the portfolio of client balances invested. Client balances can be impacted by a variety of exogenous factors, including changes in margin requirements at exchanges, market volatility, declining asset values, such as has been the case recently in the energy markets, as well as changes in the composition of margin. Clients, for example, may elect to deposit securities, rather than cash, as margin, which will result in a reduction in our client balances because the securities deposited as margin are not carried on our balance sheet. As a result of these exogenous factors, client balances fluctuate, often significantly, from day to day and may not be indicative of future business.
Our net interest income is also directly affected by principal transactions, such as fixed income, securities lending and interest rate collateralized transactions. While these spreads have remained within a relatively constant range over time, they can widen or narrow when interest rate trends change, as was seen in the volatility of spreads experienced during this quarter. Accordingly, we carefully monitor and seek to economically hedge our risk exposure as appropriate. In addition, a smaller portion of our interest income relates to client balances on which we do not pay interest and thus is directly affected by the absolute level of short-term interest rates. As a result, our net interest income is impacted by the level and volatility of interest rates, as well as the duration of the portfolio of client balances invested. Included within interest income is the interest we earn on our excess cash. Our interest on borrowings is also affected by changes in interest rates, which could increase or decrease our interest expense on our variable rate debt.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157 "Fair Value Measurements" ("SFAS No. 157") as of April 1, 2008. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell as an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, or an "exit" price. Securities owned, securities sold, not yet purchased and derivatives are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets on a trade-date basis. Related unrealized gains or losses are recognized in Principal transactions in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations. Based on market convention we mark our financial instruments based on product class which is generally bid or mid price. Fair value measurements are not adjusted for transaction costs.
Financial instruments and related revenue and expenses are recorded in the financial statements on a trade date basis. Financial instruments include related accrued interest or dividends. Market value generally is based on published market prices or other relevant factors including dealer price quotations.
The fair value of a financial instrument is determined using external market quotations or the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. Management estimates the aggregate fair value of financial instruments recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (including receivables, payables, and accrued expenses) and approximates their fair value, as such financial instruments are short-term in nature, bear interest at current market rates, or are subject to frequent repricing. We have a separate Valuation Committee which oversees our valuation policies in
line with the provisions of SFAS No. 157. The Valuation Committee is independent of our trading and investing function and reports directly to the Audit Committee. We have formal procedures for the approval of new products and markets as well as for independent price verification.
Credit risk is a component of fair value and represents the loss we would incur if a counterparty or an issuer of securities or other instruments we hold fails to perform under its contractual obligations to us, or upon a deterioration in the credit quality of third parties whose securities or other instruments, including OTC derivatives, we hold. To reduce our credit exposures in our operating activities, we generally enter into agreements with our counterparties that permit us to offset receivables and payables with such counterparties and obtain margin and/or collateral from the counterparty on an upfront and ongoing basis. We monitor and manage our credit exposures daily, as discussed in Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. In our adoption of SFAS No. 157, we considered our collateral and margin process as well as the type and duration of our financial instruments, when assessing our credit risk. SFAS No. 157 also requires us to consider our own credit spreads when measuring the fair value of liabilities, including OTC derivative contracts. The impact of considering our own credit spreads when measuring the fair value of liabilities, including derivatives, did not have a material impact on fair value measurements at the date of adoption.
Securities Owned, Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased and Derivative transactions are carried at fair value and are classified and disclosed in the following categories:
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. Level 1 consists of financial instruments whose fair values are estimated using quoted market prices. Included in Level 1 are exchange traded equities and U.S. government securities as well as futures and options traded on exchanges.
Level 2 - Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are less active, that is, markets in which there are few transactions for the asset or liability that are observable for substantially the full term. Included in Level 2 are those financial instruments for which fair values are estimated using models or other valuation methodologies. These models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various observable inputs, including time value, yield curve, volatility factors, observable current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Financial instruments in this category include fixed income instruments including floating rate notes, federal agencies, corporate debt, and certificates of deposit, as well as over the counter forwards, swaps, and options.
Level 3 - Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity). Level 3 is comprised of financial instruments whose fair value is estimated based on internally developed models or methodologies utilizing significant inputs that are not readily observable from objective sources. Financial instruments that fall within Level 3 are excess memberships in exchanges.
The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). A market is active if there are sufficient transactions on an ongoing basis to provide current pricing information for the asset or liability, pricing information is released publicly, and price quotations do not vary substantially either over time or among market makers. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity.
The amount of unrealized gains and losses included in income attributable to the change in unrealized gains and losses relating to assets or liabilities still held at the end of the period are reported in "Principal transactions" revenues in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations. The risks or volatility associated with the transactions that make up this amount are often offset or reduced by certain hedging strategies associated with products with a higher Level (either Level 1 or 2). We generally maintain a matched book, which means positions with one counterparty are generally offset with opposite transactions with other dealers or counterparties. These hedging transactions and the associated underlying financial instruments are often classified in different levels in the fair value hierarchy.
In determining the appropriate fair value hierarchy levels, we perform a detailed analysis of the assets and liabilities that are subject to SFAS No. 157. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs are classified as Level 3. Refer to Note 17, Fair Value Measurements for the analysis prepared as of September 30, 2008.
Results of Operations
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three months ended September 30, 2008 represent our fifth reporting period subsequent to becoming a publicly-traded company. Prior to July 1, 2007, our financial statements were prepared on a combined carve-out basis as if we had existed on a stand-alone basis and in conformity with U.S. GAAP, as described above.
Our unaudited consolidated and combined financial statements include the carve-out accounts of Man Financial, the brokerage business of Man Group, and its majority and wholly owned subsidiaries, in each case using the historical basis of accounting for the results of operations, assets and liabilities of the respective businesses. Our unaudited consolidated and combined financial statements may not necessarily reflect the results of operations, financial position and cash flows we would have achieved had we actually existed on a stand-alone basis during the periods presented. Transactions between us and Man Group and entities that remain part of Man Group after the IPO, herein referred to as "related party" or "affiliated" transactions, have not been eliminated in combination, but all significant intercompany balances and transactions between the entities included in our unaudited consolidated and combined financial statements have been eliminated in combination.
Our unaudited consolidated and combined financial statements include our direct expenses as well as our allocation of expenses arising from shared services and infrastructure provided to us by Man Group. These expenses primarily relate to employee compensation and benefits, use of office facilities and services related to overall corporate functions, including tax, legal, risk management, insurance, finance, internal audit and executive management. These expenses have been allocated to us using estimates that management considers a reasonable reflection of our use of these services or benefits we received. See Note 15 to our unaudited consolidated and combined financial statements for further information related to these costs.
Management believes that our unaudited consolidated and combined financial statements include normally recurring adjustments and accruals necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited consolidated and combined balance sheets, statements of operations, cash flows, changes in shareholders' equity and comprehensive income for the periods presented. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation. Specifically, during the second quarter of fiscal 2008, we began classifying the total return equity swaps entered into as part of a matched equity hedge in principal transactions rather than in net interest. Additionally, we also began presenting the interest and dividends earned on contracts for differences on a gross rather than net basis within interest income and interest expense. This reclassification did not result in any changes to revenues, net of interest and transaction based expenses, or net income.
We operate and manage our business on an integrated basis as a single operating segment. We derive our revenues principally from execution and clearing services we provide to our clients, including interest income related to providing these services. While we provide these services to a diverse client base across multiple products, markets and geographic regions, we do not manage our business, allocate resources or review our operating results based on the type of client, product or trading market or the geographic region in which these services are provided. For information related to our geographic regions, see Note 14 to our unaudited consolidated and combined financial statements.
Six Months ended September 30, 2008 Compared to the Six Months ended
September 30, 2007 ("Year to date results"):
Six months ended September 30,
(Amounts in millions except share data) 2008 2007 % Change
Revenues
Execution only commissions $ 226.0 $ 246.5 (8.3 )
Cleared commissions 744.9 716.5 4.0
Principal transactions 132.4 212.5 (37.7 )
Interest income 618.1 2,250.6 (72.5 )
Other 26.0 28.8 (9.7 )
Total revenues 1,747.3 3,454.9 (49.4 )
Interest and transaction-based expenses:
Interest expense 410.5 2,047.6 (80.0 )
Execution and clearing fees 453.7 454.2 (0.1 )
Sales commissions 135.6 143.2 (5.3 )
Total interest and transaction-based
expenses 999.8 2,645.0 (62.2 )
Revenues, net of interest and
transaction-based expenses 747.5 809.9 (7.7 )
Expenses
Employee compensation and benefits
(excluding non-recurring IPO awards) 425.2 467.4 (9.0 )
Employee compensation related to
non-recurring IPO awards 35.0 15.0 133.3
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