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JRT > SEC Filings for JRT > Form 10-Q on 10-Nov-2008All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-Q for JER INVESTORS TRUST INC


10-Nov-2008

Quarterly Report


ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included herein. Amounts are presented in thousands except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted.


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General

JER Investors Trust Inc. is a specialty finance company organized by J.E. Robert Company primarily to originate and acquire real estate debt securities and loans and fee interests in net leased real estate assets. We were formed in April 2004 and we completed our initial public offering in July 2005. We are externally managed and advised by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC (our "manager"), an affiliate of J.E. Robert Company. J.E. Robert Company and its affiliates are a fully integrated real estate investment management firm. We capitalize on the knowledge and substantial resources of J.E. Robert Company and its affiliates to take advantage of the growing volume and complexity of commercial real estate structured finance products. We invest primarily in loans and debt securities that we believe will yield high risk-adjusted returns. Our target investments include commercial real estate structured finance products such as commercial mortgage backed securities (commonly known as CMBS), mezzanine loans and B-Note participations in mortgage loans, as well as whole commercial mortgage loans, loans to real estate companies, preferred equity, and net leased real estate. Although we have not to date, we may also invest in single-family residential mortgages and related securities. We pursue a selective investment strategy, targeting specific transactions based on an analysis of debt structure and taking into account the underlying real estate and borrower credit risk. We are organized and conduct our operations in a manner intended to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes.

J.E. Robert Company was founded in 1981 to provide expertise to public and private financial institutions in resolving real estate loan workout situations. Since its founding, the firm has been active in all facets of the commercial real estate debt markets, including sourcing, due diligence, valuation, acquisition, asset management and disposition. J.E. Robert Company primarily conducts its real estate investment management activities on a global basis through a series of private equity funds, which we refer to as the JER Funds.

We are organized and conduct our operations to qualify as a REIT for Federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, among other restrictions and limitations, we will generally not be subject to Federal income tax on that portion of our income that is distributed to stockholders if we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders by the due date of our federal income tax return and comply with various other requirements.

Trends

During the second half of 2007 and continuing through 2008, severe credit and liquidity issues in the subprime residential lending and single family housing sectors negatively impacted the asset-backed and corporate fixed income markets, as well as the equity securities of financial institutions, homebuilders and real estate companies. As the severity of residential sector issues increased, nearly all securities markets experienced decreased liquidity and greater risk premiums as concerns about the outlook for the U.S. and world economic growth increased. These concerns continue and risk premiums in many capital markets remain at or near all-time highs with liquidity extremely low compared to historical standards or virtually non-existent. As a result, most commercial real estate finance and financial services industry participants, including us, have reduced or eliminated new investment activity until the capital markets become more stable, the macroeconomic outlook becomes clearer and market liquidity increases. In this environment, we are focused on actively managing credit risk and maintaining liquidity.

The value of our real estate securities and loans are influenced by changes in spreads, which measure the yield demanded by the market on securities and loans relative to a specific benchmark, generally a risk free rate of return for a comparable term. Credit spreads applicable to our targeted investments will periodically fluctuate based on changes in supply and demand, the availability of financing for such investments and other market factors. We expect demand to vary based on investor perception of the associated credit risk in current underwriting practices, the ratings provided by the rating agencies, the availability and terms of financing for such investments and investor assessment of the current and future real estate market fundamentals. Demand may be further influenced by investor expectations regarding the ability to finance these assets, currently or in the future.

Credit Market, Spreads and Valuation: The credit markets have experienced a severe dislocation beginning in the second half of 2007 and continuing and accelerating in 2008. This has resulted in significant spread widening on virtually all credit and structured finance products which has caused de-leveraging throughout the financial services sector as a whole and, in particular, the commercial real estate market. The spread widening has a direct inverse relationship with valuations of our investments so as spreads increase, valuations decline. The impact has been greater on the longer-term fixed rate assets as the duration of these assets is longer than shorter term floating rate assets. An example of this spread widening is evidenced by trends in the CMBS market.

Beginning in the second half of 2007 and continuing through 2008, the Company has seen a significant widening of credit spreads in both the subordinate CMBS market which includes bonds rated BB+ through NR classes, and in the investment grade tranches of BBB- and above. In 2008, new issue CMBS volume has been a small fraction of the amount of issuance in 2006 and 2007. Credit spreads on recent secondary market trades, which have also been very limited, for typical BBB- CMBS bonds, are estimated to exceed 2,500 basis points as of September 30, 2008 compared to approximately 900 basis points as of December 31, 2007 and approximately 95 basis points as of December 31, 2006. Additionally, the Company has seen significant widening of credit spreads on real estate loans, including B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole loans.


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This credit market dislocation has had a substantial effect on market participants. These disruptions have led to, among other things, a significant decline in the fair value of many mortgage related investment securities, as well as a significant contraction in short-term and long-term funding sources. As a result, many investment vehicles indicate difficulty valuing certain of their holdings and/or obtaining sustainable long-term sources of capital to adequately finance our business. As a result, we cannot predict changes in the market value of collateral and potential margin call requirements, if any under our repurchase agreement facilities.

Since June 30, 2008 and accelerating after September 30, 2008, we have seen a significant increase in CMBS loan collateral entering our CMBS special servicing portfolio. The CMBS special servicing portfolio balance was $262.0 million, $303.5 million and $467.3 million at June 30, 2008, September 30, 2008 and November 7, 2008, respectively. Due to the continued tightening of credit, declining real estate values, worsening macro-economic environment, in conjunction with the significant increase in our CMBS special servicing portfolio, we increased our loan loss projections associated with the real estate loan collateral underlying our "first-loss" CMBS portfolio, which represented approximately 3,500 loans with an unpaid principal balance of approximately $48 billion at September 30, 2008. As of September 30, 2008, we increased projected future loan losses from $661 million to $863 million. In addition, we accelerated the projected timing of these losses, with most of the loss increase projected to occur in 2009 and 2010. This increase in loss projections results in lower projected future cash flows from our "first-loss" CMBS investments, and, in part, caused us to recognize a $29.8 million impairment charge during the three months ended September 30, 2008.

CMBS and Other Debt Issuance: In 2008 through September 30, 2008, US CMBS transactions totaling approximately $12 billion were priced. This compares to total US CMBS issuances during the first nine months of 2007 of approximately $197 billion. This is a direct result of the dramatic slowdown in the pace of lending by CMBS originators. In fact, given that virtually no new loans have been originated for securitization in the last four to six months, we don't anticipate any significant new issue CMBS securitization activity until the fall of 2009, at the earliest.

The slow down in originations has also resulted in a substantial reduction of new opportunities in the mezzanine, B-note mortgage loan, bridge loan, preferred equity and non-investment CMBS markets. As originations at traditional high leverage lenders decline and there is a reduction in the volume of real estate transactions generally, new investment opportunities in this sector have been reduced accordingly. We believe market supply will not increase significantly until stability in the real estate lending market returns.

Competition: Recently, as a result of volatile market conditions, we have seen competitors leave the market and other competitors enter the market. In the short to medium term, we expect market participants to be impacted by continued market volatility. Over the long-term, we expect to face increased competition for our targeted investments. However, over the long-term, we believe borrowers need a full range of financing options to make acquisitions, particularly on larger assets where substantial equity commitments are required.

Financing Environment: Primarily as a result of spread widening, we and other market participants have experienced significant margin call activity on our repurchase agreement facilities based upon fair market value determinations of the underlying collateral. Concurrent with decreases in valuation, the availability of short to medium-term financing has become extremely limited. This reduction in availability of financing has been compounded by the elimination of several key lenders in the market through the much publicized mergers, bankruptcies, conservertorships and liquidations in the financial services sector.

From a long-term debt perspective, the ability to leverage our assets or potential assets through a commercial real estate debt obligations ("CRE CDO") is effectively non-existent. The current state of the CMBS and CRE CDO markets could have a negative impact on our leveraged returns and our ability to successfully match-fund liabilities associated with our investments.

Issuances of Common Stock

In June 2004, we sold 11,500,000 shares of common stock in a private placement offering for net proceeds of approximately $160.1 million. Additionally, we issued 335,000 shares of common stock to our manager and an aggregate of 6,000 shares of restricted common stock to our independent directors pursuant to our Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the "Plan") at the time of the closing of the private placement. In July 2004, when James Kimsey and Frank Caufield joined our Board of Directors, we issued each of them 2,000 additional shares of restricted common stock pursuant to the Plan.

In July 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") declared effective our registration statement on Form S-11 (No. 333-122802) (the "Registration Statement") relating to (a) our initial public offering (the "IPO") of up to 13,832,025 shares of common stock, including 1,832,025 shares of common stock pursuant to an over-allotment option granted to the underwriters and (b) the offering by selling stockholders of 213,499 shares of common stock through the underwriters. On July 19, 2005, we issued a total of 12,000,000 shares of common stock in the IPO, at a price to the public of $17.75 per share. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale by the selling stockholders of 213,499 shares of common stock, at a price to the public of $17.75 per share.


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In August 2005, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase an additional 1,832,025 shares of common stock at $17.75 to cover over-allotments. The net proceeds to us on the sale of 12,000,000 shares in the IPO and the 1,832,025 pursuant to the over-allotment option was $226.4 million after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses. The net proceeds of the IPO were primarily used to pay down indebtedness.

During 2007, we granted 137,000 shares of restricted stock to certain officers and employees of an affiliate of our manager, of which 3,000 shares have been forfeited. In May 2006, we granted Mark Weiss, our president, 60,000 shares of restricted stock and 150,000 stock options on our common stock. As of September 30, 2008, we had a total of 25,901,035 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. As of September 30, 2008, we had granted an aggregate of 40,000 shares of restricted stock and 28,052 shares of deferred stock units to our current and former independent directors.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our most critical accounting policies relate to investment consolidation, revenue recognition, securities valuation and impairment, loan loss provisions, derivative accounting and income taxes. Each of these items involves estimates that require management to make judgments that are subjective in nature. We rely on J.E. Robert Company and its affiliates' experience and analysis of historical and current market data in order to arrive at what we believe to be reasonable estimates. Under different conditions, we could report materially different amounts using these critical accounting policies.

Investment Consolidation. For each investment we make, we evaluate the underlying entity that issued the securities we acquired or to which we made a loan in order to determine the appropriate accounting. We refer to guidance in SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, and FIN 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, in performing our analysis. FIN 46(R) addresses the application of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, "Consolidated Financial Statements," to certain entities in which voting rights are not effective in identifying an investor with a controlling financial interest. An entity is considered a variable interest entity ("VIE") and subject to consolidation under FIN 46(R) if the investors either do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, are unable to direct the entity's activities, or are not exposed to the entity's losses or entitled to its residual returns. Variable interest entities within the scope of FIN 46(R) are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is determined to be the party that absorbs a majority of the entity's expected losses, its expected returns, or both.

Our ownership of the subordinated classes of CMBS from a single issuer gives us the right to control the foreclosure/workout process on the underlying loans ("Controlling Class CMBS"). FIN 46(R) has certain scope exceptions, one of which provides that an enterprise that holds a variable interest in a qualifying special-purpose entity ("QSPE") does not consolidate that entity unless that enterprise has the unilateral ability to cause the entity to liquidate. SFAS No. 140 provides the requirements for an entity to be considered a QSPE. To maintain the QSPE exception, the trust must continue to meet the QSPE criteria both initially and in subsequent periods. A trust's QSPE status can be impacted in future periods by activities of its transferor(s) or other involved parties, including the manner in which certain servicing activities are performed. To the extent our CMBS investments were issued by a trust that meets the requirements to be considered a QSPE, we record the investments at the purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying trusts are not QSPEs, we follow the guidance set forth in FIN 46(R) as the trusts would be considered VIEs.

We have analyzed the governing pooling and servicing agreements for each of our subordinated class CMBS investments and believe the terms are consistent with industry standards and the QSPE criteria. However, there is uncertainty with respect to QSPE treatment due to ongoing review by accounting standard setters, potential actions by various parties involved with the QSPE, as discussed above, as well as varying and evolving interpretations of the QSPE criteria under SFAS No. 140. Future guidance from the standard setters may require us to consolidate CMBS trusts in which we have invested. In September 2008, the FASB issued exposure drafts which could amend FIN 46(R) and SFAS No. 140. The current exposure drafts contemplate the removal of the QSPE scope exception. We will closely monitor any developments in this area and assess the impact of any such amendments to our financial statements.

The non-investment grade and unrated tranches of the CMBS owned by us provide credit support to the more senior classes of the related commercial securitizations. Cash flow from the underlying mortgages is generally allocated first to the senior tranches, with the most senior tranches having a priority right to the cash flow. Any remaining cash flow is allocated, generally, among the other tranches in order of their relative seniority. To the extent there are defaults and unrecoverable losses on the underlying mortgages resulting in reduced cash flows, the remaining CMBS classes will bear such losses in order of their relative subordination.


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The table below details information about our CMBS investments, including the purchase date, the face amount of the total CMBS issuance, the original and current face amounts of our CMBS investments, and the amortized cost of our CMBS investments as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007:

                                                                     Original Face      Current Face          Amortized Cost (1) as of
                                              Total Face Amount        Amount of         Amount of        September 30,       December 31,
CMBS Trust             Investment Date        of CMBS Issuance        Investment         Investment            2008               2007
MACH One 2004-1        July 2004             $           643,261    $        50,637    $       50,637    $          9,590    $       19,672
CSFB 1998-C1 (2)       August 2004                     2,482,942             12,500            12,500               9,218             9,565
CSFB 2004-C4           November 2004                   1,138,077             52,976            43,113              11,802            22,575
MLMT 2004-BPC1         November 2004                   1,242,650             76,986            48,547              15,129            26,174
JPMCC 2004-C3          December 2004                   1,517,410             81,561            63,154              19,740            35,800
JPMCC 2005-CIBC11      March 2005                      1,800,969             70,035            64,914              15,362            33,761
BACM 2005- 1           April 2005                      2,322,091             84,663            72,163              25,249            41,630
LB UBS 2005-C2 (2)     April 2005                      1,942,131              7,000             4,500               2,473             4,328
CSFB 2005-C2           May 2005                        1,614,084             82,261            65,697              17,001            37,695
LB UBS 2005-C3         June 2005                       2,060,632             39,335            39,335               6,708            17,626
JPMCC 2005-CIBC12      July 2005                       2,167,039             70,429            70,405              10,075            33,793
JPMCC 2005-LDP4        September 2005                  2,677,075             90,352            90,352              18,866            48,731
MSCI 2005-IQ10         October 2005                    1,546,863             55,274            55,274              12,074            30,694
MLMT 2005 CK11         December 2005                   3,073,749             96,066            96,066              26,269            51,689
MSC 2006 HQ8           March 2006                      2,731,231            105,707           105,707              19,192            62,181
JPMCC 2006-CIBC15      June 2006                       2,118,303             71,493            71,493              13,410            37,436
CGCMT 2006-C4          June 2006                       2,263,536             84,395            84,395              18,383            50,759
MSCI 2006- HQ9         August 2006                     2,565,238             81,338            81,338              13,922            48,577
MLMT 2006- C2          August 2006                     1,542,697             60,067            60,067              16,692            38,249
JPMCC 2006- LDP8       September 2006                  3,066,028            107,158           107,158              19,814            64,231
CD 2006- CD3           October 2006                    3,571,361            110,713           110,713              16,864            62,616
MSCI 2007- HQ11        February 2007                   2,417,647             89,530            88,897              18,182            58,401
GCCFC 2007- GG9 (2)    March 2007                      6,575,924             34,167            34,167              12,527            31,061
JPMCC 2007- LDP10      March 2007                      5,331,517            151,616           151,616              26,792            85,343
WAMU 2007- SL3 (2)     June 2007                       1,284,473              6,500             6,500               3,177             5,746
JPMCC 2007- LDP12      August 2007                     2,310,556             81,402            81,402              14,550            39,554

Total                                        $        62,007,484    $     1,854,161    $    1,760,110    $        393,062    $      997,887

(1) The decline in amortized cost from December 31, 2007 to September 30, 2008 is due primarily the recognition of previously unrealized losses and other than temporary impairment of $606.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, which included $280.5 million of unrealized losses at January 1, 2008 upon the adoption of SFAS No. 159.

(2) Represents an investment where we have only invested in the classes that are senior to "first-loss" CMBS bonds issued by the trust.

Our maximum carrying value exposure to loss as a result of our investment in these securities totaled $393.1 million and $997.9 million as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. However, we have reduced our maximum economic loss exposure through the use of non-recourse and partial recourse financing vehicles for these investments.

The financing structures we offer to our borrowers on certain of our loans involve the creation of entities that could be deemed VIEs and, therefore, could be subject to FIN 46(R). We have evaluated these entities and have concluded that none of them are VIEs that are subject to consolidation under FIN 46(R).

In April 2007, we created a trust subsidiary for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The trust is considered a VIE under FIN 46(R) and it was determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the trust. Accordingly, the trust is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. See Liquidity and Capital Resources- Junior Subordinated Debentures for additional information.

In October 2007, we sold a 50% interest in the entity that owns all twelve of our net leased real estate assets, forming a joint venture with an unrelated third party. The joint venture was not considered a VIE under FIN 46(R) and we accounted for our investment in the joint venture under the equity method of accounting. In April 2008, the Company sold its remaining 50% interest in the joint venture for $39.4 million which approximated cost basis.

In December 2007, we entered into an agreement to invest up to $10.0 million into a fund, defined as the JER US Debt Co-Investment Vehicle, L.P. (the "US Debt Fund"), established to buy loans secured, directly or indirectly, by commercial real estate,


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including B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole mortgage loans, and also in preferred equity, CMBS and CMBS-related products such as CMBX and credit default swaps. Excluded investments for the US Debt Fund include non-performing loans, fee-simple ownership interests, single family residential mortgages and related securities (sub-prime, conforming, jumbo or Alt-A), whole loans originated directly by us or an affiliate of our Manager and net leased real estate assets. The US Debt Fund is not considered a VIE under FIN 46(R). Accordingly, the US Debt Fund is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. As of September30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had invested $3.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in the US Debt Fund.

Although the entity that owns the net leased real estate assets and the US Debt Fund are not VIE's under FIN 46(R), we determined that these entities should not be consolidated under EITF 04-5 given the rights afforded to the other partners in those entities.

We determine if our real estate loans should be accounted for as loans, real estate investments or equity method joint ventures in accordance with AICPA Practice Bulletin No. 1 on acquisition, development or construction ("ADC") arrangements. To date, we have accounted for all of our arrangements as loans based on the guidance set forth in the Practice Bulletin.

We acquire participating interests in commercial real estate first mortgage loans and mezzanine loans. When we initially invest in loan participations, they are evaluated under SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, to determine whether the participation interest meets the definition of a debt security. To the extent a given loan participation meets the definition of a debt security, the participation will be accounted for according to the guidance in SFAS No. 115. Those loan participations that do not meet the definition of a debt security are accounted for as loans, and are initially recorded at the purchase price, which is generally at or near par value, and are carried on the balance sheet at amortized cost. To date, the Company has determined that none of the participation interests acquired met the definition of a debt security. See additional information regarding loan accounting and revenue recognition below under Revenue Recognition.

In accordance with SFAS No. 65, Accounting for Certain Mortgage Banking Activities, real estate loans that may sell for general corporate liquidity purposes are classified as loans held for sale. Real estate loans available for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value, on an individual loan basis, using available market information obtained through consultation with dealers or other originators of such investments.

Fair Value Election. We adopted SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities-Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115, on January 1, 2008 and elected, the fair value option ("FVO") . . .

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