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| IVAN > SEC Filings for IVAN > Form 10-Q on 10-Nov-2008 | All Recent SEC Filings |
10-Nov-2008
Quarterly Report
THE DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE COMPANY'S OIL AND GAS ACTIVITIES WITH RESPECT
TO OIL AND GAS VOLUMES, RESERVES AND RELATED PERFORMANCE MEASURES IS PRESENTED
ON NET OF WORKING INTEREST AFTER ROYALTIES. ALL TABULAR AMOUNTS ARE EXPRESSED IN
THOUSANDS OF U.S. DOLLARS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AND PRODUCTION DATA INCLUDING
REVENUES AND COSTS PER BOE.
As generally used in the oil and gas business and in this throughout the Form
10-Q, the following terms have the following meanings:
Boe = barrel of oil equivalent
Bbl = barrel
MBbl = thousand barrels
MMBbl = million barrels
Mboe = thousands of barrels of oil equivalent
Bopd = barrels of oil per day
Bbls/d = barrels per day
Boe/d = barrels of oil equivalent per day
Mboe/d = thousands of barrels of oil equivalent per day
MBbls/d = thousand barrels per day
MMBls/d = million barrels per day
MMBtu = million British thermal units
Mcf = thousand cubic feet
MMcf = million cubic feet
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Mcf/d = thousand cubic feet per day MMcf/d = million cubic feet per day
Oil equivalents compare quantities of oil with quantities of gas or express
these different commodities in a common unit. In calculating Bbl equivalents
(Boe), the generally recognized industry standard is one Bbl is equal to six
Mcf. Boes may be misleading, particularly if used in isolation. The conversion
ratio is based on an energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable
at the burner tip and does not represent a value equivalency at the wellhead.
Electronic copies of the Company's filings with the SEC and the CSA are
available, free of charge, through its web site (www.ivanhoeenergy.com) or, upon
request, by contacting its investor relations department at (604) 688-8323.
Alternatively, the SEC and the CSA each maintains a website (www.sec.gov and
www.sedar.com) that contains the Company's periodic reports and other public
filings with the SEC and the CSA.
Ivanhoe Energy's Business
Ivanhoe Energy is an independent international heavy oil development and
production company focused on pursuing long term growth in its reserve base and
production using advanced technologies, including its proprietary, patented
rapid thermal processing process ("RTPTM Process") for heavy oil upgrading
("HTLTM Technology" or "HTLTM"). In mid-2008, the Company acquired two leases
located in the heart of the Athabasca oil sands region in Alberta, Canada and
recently signed a Specific Services contract in Ecuador for the appraisal and
development of a heavy oil lease in Ecuador. It is anticipated that these sites
will provide for the first commercial applications of the Company's HTL™
Technology in major, integrated heavy oil projects (see Implementation Strategy
below).
In addition, the Company seeks to selectively expand its reserve base and
production through conventional exploration and production ("E&P") of oil and
gas. Finally, the Company is exploring an opportunity to monetize stranded gas
reserves through the application of the conversion of natural gas-to-liquids
using a technology ("GTL Technology" or "GTL") licensed from Syntroleum
Corporation. Core operations are in Canada, the United States, China and
Ecuador, with business development opportunities worldwide.
The Company has established a number of geographically focused entities. The
parent company, Ivanhoe Energy Inc., will pursue HTL opportunities in the
Athabasca oil sands of Western Canada and will hold and manage the core HTL
technology. A new subsidiary for Latin America recently signed a Specific
Services Contract for the appraisal and development of a heavy oil lease in
Ecuador. In addition, a subsidiary has been established to undertake activities
in the Middle East and North Africa. These companies complement Sunwing Energy
Ltd., the Company's existing, wholly-owned company for China. Ivanhoe Energy
Inc. owns 100% of each of these subsidiaries, although the percentages are
expected to decline as they develop their respective businesses and raise
capital independently.
This structure will allow the development and financing of multiple HTL projects
around the world, while minimizing dilution of the Company's existing
shareholders. In addition, the alignment with principal energy-producing regions
will facilitate financing from region-specific strategic investors, some of
which already have been identified, and also will enhance flexibility in
accessing global capital markets.
Corporate Strategy
Importance of the Heavy Oil Segment of the Oil and Gas Industry
The global oil and gas industry is experiencing sharp increases in demand from
developing economies and is being impacted by the declining availability of
replacement low cost reserves. This has resulted in volatile but increased oil
prices and marked shifts in the demand and supply landscape. Although there has
been a great deal of volatility in the price of oil and significant recent price
declines, long term demand, and the natural decline of conventional oil
production will see the development of higher cost and lower value resources,
including heavy oil.
Heavy oil developments can be segregated into two types: conventional heavy oil
that flows to the surface without steam enhancement and non-conventional heavy
oil and bitumen. While the Company focuses on the non-conventional heavy oil,
both play an important role in Ivanhoe Energy's corporate strategy.
Production of conventional heavy oil has been steadily increasing worldwide, led
by Canada and Latin America but with significant contributions from most other
oil basins, including the Middle East and the Far East, as producers struggle to
replace declines in light oil reserves. Even without the impact of the large
non-conventional heavy oil projects in Canada and Venezuela, world heavy oil
production has been increasingly more common. Refineries, on the other hand,
have not been able to keep up with the need for deep conversion capacity, and
heavy versus light oil price differentials have widened significantly.
With regard to non-conventional heavy oil and bitumen, the dramatic increase in
interest and activity has been fueled by higher prices, in addition to various
key advances in technology, including improved remote sensing, horizontal
drilling, and new thermal techniques. This has enabled producers to more
effectively access the extensive, heavy oil resources around the world.
These newer technologies, together with higher oil prices, have generated
increased access to heavy oil resources, although for profitable exploitation,
key challenges remain, with varied weightings, project by project: 1) the
requirement for steam and electricity to help extract heavy oil, 2) the need for
diluent to move the oil once it is at the surface, 3) the wide heavy versus
light oil price differentials that the producer is faced with when the product
gets to market, and 4) conventional upgrading technologies limited to very large
scale, high capital cost facilities. These challenges can lead to "distressed"
assets, where economics are poor, or to "stranded" assets, where the resource
cannot be economically produced and lies fallow.
Ivanhoe Energy's Value Proposition
The Company's application of the HTLTM Technology seeks to address the four key
heavy oil development challenges outlined above, and can do so at a relatively
small minimum economic scale.
Ivanhoe Energy's HTL™ upgrading is a partial upgrading process that is designed
to operate in facilities as small as 10,000 to 30,000 barrels per day produced.
This is substantially smaller than the minimum economic scale for conventional
stand-alone upgraders such as delayed cokers, which typically operate at scales
of over 100,000 barrels per day produced. The Company's HTL™ Technology is based
on carbon rejection, a tried and tested concept in heavy oil processing. The key
advantage of HTL™ is that it is a very fast process, as processing times are
typically under a few seconds. This results in smaller, less costly facilities
and eliminates the need for hydrogen addition, an expensive, large minimum scale
step typically required in conventional upgrading. The Company's HTL™ Technology
has the added advantage of converting the byproducts from the upgrading process
into onsite energy, rather than generating large volumes of low value coke.
The HTL™ process offers significant advantages as a field-located upgrading
alternative, integrated with the upstream heavy oil production operation. HTL™
provides four key benefits to the producer:
1. Virtual elimination of external energy requirements for steam generation
and/or power for upstream operations.
2. Elimination of the need for diluent or blend oils for transport.
3. Capture of the majority of the heavy versus light oil value differential.
4. Relatively small minimum economic scale of operations suited for field upgrading and for smaller field developments.
The business opportunities available to the Company correspond to the challenges
each potential heavy oil project faces. In Canada, Ecuador, California, Iraq and
Oman, all four of the HTLTM advantages identified above come into play. In
others, including certain identified opportunities in Colombia and Libya, the
heavy oil naturally flows to the surface, but transport is the key problem.
The economics of a project are effectively dictated by the advantages that HTLTM
can bring to a particular opportunity. The more stranded the resource and the
fewer monetization alternatives that the resource owner has, the greater the
opportunity the Company will have to establish the Ivanhoe Energy value
proposition.
Implementation Strategy
The Company's continuing strategy is as follows:
1. Build a portfolio of major HTLTM projects. Continue to deploy the personnel
and the financial resources in support of our goal to capture additional
opportunities for development projects utilizing the Company's HTLTM
Technology.
2. Advance the technology. Additional development work will continue to advance the technology through the first commercial application and beyond.
3. Enhance the Company's financial position in anticipation of major projects.Implementation of large projects requires significant capital outlays. The Company is refining its financing plans and establishing the relationships required for the development activities of the future.
4. Build internal capabilities. During 2008, significant progress has been made in building execution teams in preparation for the Company's first HTLTM projects. The upstream team consists of a number of experienced heavy oil engineers and geologists complemented by a core team of petroleum engineers and geologists. Also, the Company's Houston-based HTLTM technology team has been strengthened. The Company expects to continue filling key positions in its execution mode.
5. Build the relationships needed for the future. Commercialization of the Company's technologies demands close alignment with partners, suppliers, host governments and financiers.
Talisman Lease Acquisition
In July, the Company announced the completion of the acquisition of Talisman
Energy Canada's ("Talisman') 100% working interests in two leases (Leases 10 and
6) located in the heart of the Athabasca oil sands region in the Province of
Alberta, Canada. Lease 10 is a 6,880-acre contiguous block located approximately
ten miles (16 km) northeast of Fort McMurray. Lease 6 is a small, un-delineated,
680-acre block, one mile (1.6 km) south of Lease 10.
The acquisition of Lease 10 will provide the site for the application of Ivanhoe
Energy's proprietary, HTL™ heavy oil upgrading technology in a major, integrated
heavy oil project. Lease 10 has a relatively high level of delineation (four
wells per section). It is believed to be a high-quality reservoir and an
excellent candidate for thermal recovery production using the SAGD
(steam-assisted gravity drainage) process. The high quality of the asset is
expected to provide for favorable projected operating costs, including
attractive steam-oil ratios (SOR) using SAGD development techniques.
The Company's HTL plant on Lease 10 is projected ultimately to be capable of
operating at production rates of at least 30,000 barrels per day for
approximately 25 years. The Company intends to integrate established SAGD
thermal recovery techniques with its patented HTL upgrading process, producing
and marketing a light, synthetic sour crude.
The Company has already commenced planning its Lease 10 development program in
preparation for the submission of permits for an integrated HTL project. In
general, thermal oil sands projects, including SAGD projects, require a period
of initial development, including delineation, permitting and field development,
which is followed by relatively stable operations for many years.
Ecuador Block 20 Contract
In October, Ivanhoe Energy Ecuador Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, signed a
contract with Ecuador state oil companies Petroecuador and Petroproduccion to
explore and develop Ecuador's Pungarayacu heavy oil field. Block 20 is an area
of approximately 426 square miles, approximately 125 miles southeast of Quito,
Ecuador's capital.
The contract is a Specific Services Contract under which Ivanhoe Energy Ecuador
will use its unique and patented HTL technology, as well as provide advanced
oil-field technology, expertise and capital to develop, produce and upgrade
heavy crude oil from Block 20, which contains the Pungarayacu field. In
addition, Ivanhoe Energy Ecuador has the right to conduct exploration for light
oil in the contract area and to use any light oil that it discovers to blend
with the heavy oil for delivery to Petroproduccion.
The contract has an initial term of 30 years and has three phases. The first two
phases are for evaluation of the field's production capability and the crude-oil
characteristics, as well as for the construction of the first HTL plant. The
third phase is for full field development and will include drilling additional
exploration and development wells. Additional HTL capacity will be added as
necessary for expected production.
To recover its investments, costs and expenses, and to provide for a profit,
Ivanhoe Energy Ecuador will receive from Petroproduccion a payment of US$37.00
per barrel of oil produced and delivered to Petroproduccion. The payment will be
indexed (adjusted) quarterly for inflation, starting from the contract date,
using the weighted average of a basket of three US Government-published producer
price indices relating to steel products, refinery products and upstream oil and
gas equipment. Ivanhoe Energy Ecuador may elect to receive its payment in oil,
based on market prices.
Executive Overview of 2008 Results
The following table sets forth certain selected consolidated data for the
three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2008 and 2007:
Three-Month Periods Ended Nine-Month Periods Ended
September 30, September 30,
2008 2007 2008 2007
Oil and gas revenue $ 20,437 $ 10,864 $ 53,459 $ 30,249
Net income (loss) $ 10,062 $ (7,232 ) $ (20,213 ) $ (20,358 )
Net income (loss) per share $ 0.04 $ (0.03 ) $ (0.08 ) $ (0.08 )
Average production (Boe/d) 1,895 1,734 1,898 1,863
Net operating revenue per Boe $ 70.12 $ 41.36 $ 63.93 $ 35.53
Cash flow from operating activities $ 1,673 $ 1,766 $ 7,399 $ 4,566
Capital investments $ 8,956 $ 9,100 $ 16,872 $ 22,557
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Financial Results - Change in Net Loss
The following provides an analysis of the changes in net losses for the
three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the
same periods for 2007:
Three-Month Periods Ended September 30, Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30,
Favorable Favorable
(Unfavorable) (Unfavorable)
2008 Variances 2007 2008 Variances 2007
Summary of Net Income (Loss) by Significant Components:
Oil and Gas Revenues: $ 20,437 $ 10,864 $ 53,459 $ 30,249
Production volumes $ 996 $ 621
Oil and gas prices 8,577 22,589
Realized loss on derivative instruments (3,735 ) (3,312) (423 ) (10,037 ) (9,791) (246 )
Operating costs (8,211 ) (3,945) (4,266 ) (20,217 ) (8,043) (12,174 )
General and administrative, less stock based compensation (4,352 ) (2,119) (2,233 ) (11,228 ) (4,247) (6,981 )
Business and technology development, less stock based compensation (1,758 ) 807 (2,565 ) (4,385 ) 2,343 (6,728 )
Net interest 91 105 (14 ) (514 ) (472) (42 )
Current income tax provision (358 ) (358) - (364 ) (364) -
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments 18,553 20,283 (1,730 ) 122 2,804 (2,682 )
Depletion and depreciation (8,183 ) (2,139) (6,044 ) (24,678 ) (5,718) (18,960 )
Stock based compensation (1,114 ) (356) (758 ) (3,025 ) (412) (2,613 )
Future income tax (provision) recovery (1,125 ) (1,125) - 1,161 1,161 -
Other (183 ) (120) (63 ) (507 ) (326) (181 )
Net Income (Loss) $ 10,062 $ 17,294 $ (7,232 ) $ (20,213 ) $ 145 $ (20,358 )
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Net income for the three-month period ended September 30, 2008 was $10.1 million
($0.04 net income per share) compared to a net loss for the same period in 2007
of $7.2 million ($0.03 net loss per share). The change from net loss to net
income from 2007 to 2008 of $17.3 million was primarily due to a $20.3 million
increase in unrealized gain on derivative instruments and a $9.6 million
increase in oil and gas revenues offset by increases in realized losses on
derivative instruments and expenses.
Net loss for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2008 was $20.2 million
($0.08 net loss per share) compared to a net loss for the same period in 2007 of
$20.4 million ($0.08 net loss per share). The decrease in net loss from 2007 to
2008 of $0.1 million was
primarily due to a $23.2 million increase in oil and gas revenues and a
$2.8 million increase in unrealized gain on derivative instruments offset by
increases in realized losses on derivative instruments and expenses.
Significant variances are explained in the sections that follow.
Revenues and Operating Costs
The following is a comparison of changes in production volumes for the
three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the
same periods in 2007:
Three-Month Periods Ended September 30, Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30,
Net Boe's Percentage Net Boe's Percentage
2008 2007 Change 2008 2007 Change
China:
Dagang 118,110 111,012 6 % 349,599 342,368 2 %
Daqing 4,615 5,172 -11 % 14,604 16,069 -9 %
122,725 116,184 6 % 364,203 358,437 2 %
U.S.:
South Midway 47,722 38,297 25 % 143,419 134,265 7 %
Spraberry 3,261 4,838 -33 % 10,984 14,876 -26 %
Others 638 239 167 % 1,406 1,092 29 %
51,621 43,374 19 % 155,809 150,233 4 %
174,346 159,558 9 % 520,012 508,670 2 %
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Net production volumes for the three-month period ended September 30, 2008 increased 9% when compared to the same period in 2007 primarily due to an increase in production volumes in both our U.S. and China properties. Total volume changes in the quarter resulted in increased revenues of $1.0 million. Production volumes for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2008 increased . . .
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