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| IBKR > SEC Filings for IBKR > Form 10-Q on 10-Nov-2008 | All Recent SEC Filings |
10-Nov-2008
Quarterly Report
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes in Item 1, included elsewhere in this report. This discussion includes the effects of the restatement reported in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which restatement affects the discussion of Cash Flows on page 43.
In addition to historical information, the following discussion also contains forward-looking statements that include risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under the heading "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 27, 2008 and elsewhere in this report.
Introduction
IBG, Inc. is a holding company whose primary assets are our ownership of approximately 10.4% of the membership interests of the Group.
We are an automated global electronic market maker and broker specializing in routing orders and executing and processing trades in securities, futures and foreign exchange instruments on more than 70 electronic exchanges and trading venues around the world. Since our inception in 1977, we have focused on developing proprietary software to automate broker-dealer functions. The advent of electronic exchanges in the last 18 years has provided us with the opportunity to integrate our software with an increasing number of exchanges and trading venues into one automatically functioning, computerized platform that requires minimal human intervention.
The Company reports its results in two business segments, market making and electronic brokerage. These segments are analyzed separately as we derive our revenues from these two principal business activities as well as allocate resources and assess performance.
• Market Making. We conduct our market making business through our Timber Hill subsidiaries. As one of the largest market makers on many of the world's leading exchanges, we provide liquidity by offering competitively tight bid/offer spreads over a broad base of approximately 532,000 tradable, exchange-listed products. As principal, we commit our own capital and derive revenues or incur losses from the difference between the price paid when securities are bought and the price received when those securities are sold. Because we provide continuous bid and offer quotations and we are continuously both buying and selling quoted securities, we may have either a long or a short position in a particular product at a given point in time. Our entire portfolio is evaluated each second and continuously rebalanced throughout the trading day, thus minimizing the risk of our portfolio at all times. This real-time rebalancing of our portfolio, together with our real-time proprietary risk management system, enables us to curtail risk and to be profitable in both up-market and down-market scenarios.
• Electronic Brokerage. We conduct our electronic brokerage business through our Interactive Brokers subsidiaries. As an electronic broker, we execute, clear and settle trades globally for both institutional and individual customers. Capitalizing on the technology originally developed for our market making business, IB's systems provide our customers with the capability to monitor multiple markets around the world simultaneously and to execute trades electronically in these markets at a low cost, in multiple products and currencies from a single trading account. We offer our customers access to all classes of tradable, exchange-listed products, including stocks, bonds, options, futures, forex and mutual funds, traded on more than 70 exchanges and market centers and in 17 countries around the world seamlessly.
When we use the terms "we," "us," and "our," we mean IBG LLC and its subsidiaries for periods prior to the IPO, and IBG, Inc. and its subsidiaries (including IBG LLC) for periods from and after the IPO. On May 3, 2007, IBG, Inc. priced its initial public offering of shares of Common Stock. In connection with the IPO, IBG, Inc. purchased 10.0% of the membership interests in IBG LLC, became the sole managing member of IBG LLC and began to consolidate IBG LLC's financial results into its financial statements. Historical results of operations are reported as a limited liability company until the IPO and do not include, franchise tax, minority interest, and federal income taxes. Such items are included in subsequent periods. Therefore the historical results for periods prior to the IPO and subsequent thereto are not comparable. This MD&A includes certain pro forma financial data to present our results of operations on a more comparable basis. See "Results of Operations" below for additional information regarding pro forma financial data.
Executive Overview
Third quarter results: Diluted earnings per share were $0.65 for the three months ended September 30, 2008, 23% higher than the same period last year. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is detailed in Note 4, "Initial Public Offering and Recapitalization," to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. IBG, Inc.'s diluted earnings per share were $0.53 for the three months ended September 30, 2007.
Our income before income taxes and minority interest increased 52%, to $1,249 million, during the past 12 months versus the prior 12 month period.
Consolidated: For the three months ended September 30, 2008, our net revenues were $497.0 million and income before income taxes and minority interest was $347.4 million, compared to net revenues of $445.1 million and income before income taxes and minority interest of $307.9million for the same period in 2007. Trading gains were 25% higher in the third quarter of 2008 compared to the same period last year and commissions and execution fees were up by 41% for the same time period. Our pre-tax margin, for the three months ended September 30, 2008, was 70%, compared to 69% for the same period in 2007.
Market Making: During the three months ended September 30, 2008, income before income taxes in our market making segment increased 16%, compared with the three months ended September 30, 2007, and 40% sequentially. The year over year increase is consistent with the continued growth of our global market making business. The substantial sequential increase from the second quarter was due to an exceptional market environment with high volumes and volatility, which allowed us to leverage our automated trading and real-time risk management system and reflected positively in our results. Pre-tax margin was 79% for the quarter ended September 30, 2008, highlighting leverage from automation.
Market making options and futures contract volumes increased 10% and 47%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2008 from the same period last year. Trade volume was 8% lower for the three months ended September 30, 2008, from the same period last year, which reflected a lower level of stock trading. We recently discontinued a stock trading strategy that has been marginal for some time.
Brokerage: During the three months ended September 30, 2008, income before
income taxes in our electronic brokerage segment increased 13%, compared with
the third quarter of 2007, primarily reflecting higher revenues from commissions
and execution fees. Pre-tax margin decreased to 47% for the quarter ended
September 30, 2008, compared with 50% for the same period last year, reflecting:
(1) lower net interest driven by market conditions, (2) lower other income from
decreased payment for order flow programs on US options exchanges, (3) increased
employee compensation and occupancy expenses, primarily from an acquisition that
is being integrated and (4) $2.5 million in bad debt expense resulting from
extreme market conditions.
Commissions and execution fees increased 41% due to robust growth in transaction volume and customer accounts. Total daily average revenue trades ("DARTs") for cleared and execution-only customers increased 40% to 377,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to 270,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2007. Cleared customer DARTs increased by 48%, to 338,000, over the same period. The number of customer accounts increased 19% over the year ago quarter and customer equity grew by 13% over the year ago quarter.
Annualized DARTs per average account were 814 in the third quarter of 2008 and annualized net revenue per average account was $4,483, up 25% and 3%, respectively, over the same quarter last year.
Nine months results: IBG, Inc.'s diluted earnings per share increased 60% year to date compared to the same period last year, to $1.76 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 from $1.10, on a pro forma basis, for the same period in 2007.
Consolidated: For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, our net revenues were $1,420.8 million and income before income taxes and minority interest was $980.7 million, compared to net revenues of $1,070.7 million and income before income taxes and minority interest of $662.9 million for the same period in 2007. Income before income taxes was 48% higher in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the same period last year; trading gains were 58% higher
and commissions and execution fees were up by 46% for the same time period. Our pre-tax margin, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, was 69%, compared to 62% for the same period in 2007.
Market Making: During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, income before income taxes in our market making segment increased 56%, compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2007, primarily reflecting higher trading gains. Pre-tax margin increased to 78% for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The nine months ended September 30, 2008, and in particular the first and third quarters, were marked by a productive environment for market making, with high market volumes and high volatility. These conditions allowed us to leverage our automated trading and real-time risk management system. While market making trade volume for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 was down 3% compared to the same period last year, options and futures contract volume rose 20% and 49%, respectively.
Brokerage: During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, income before income taxes in our electronic brokerage segment increased 33%, compared with the same period in 2007, reflecting higher revenues from commissions and execution fees. Pre-tax margin increased to 47% for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared with 44% for the same period last year, reflecting leverage from automation and decreased payments to broker-dealer customers for order flow. The increase in commissions and execution fees was related to robust growth in transaction volume and customer accounts. DARTs for cleared and execution-only customers increased 41% to 352,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to 250,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2007. Cleared customer DARTs increased over the same period by 53% to 309,000. The increase in net interest was driven by the growth in customer balances and fully-secured margin loans.
Market making, by its nature, does not produce predictable earnings. Our results in any given period may be materially affected by volumes in the global financial markets, the level of competition and other factors. Electronic brokerage is more predictable, but it is dependent on customer activity, growth in customer accounts and assets, interest rates and other factors. For a further discussion of the factors that may affect our future operating results, please see the description of risk factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 27, 2008.
The following tables present historical trading volumes for our business. However, volumes are not the only drivers in our business.
TRADE VOLUMES:
(in 000's, except %)
Brokerage
Market Brokerage Non Avg. Trades
Making % Cleared % Cleared % Total % per U.S.
Period Trades Change Trades Change Trades Change Trades Change Trading
2003 32,772 22,748 2,367 57,887 230
2004 41,506 27% 28,876 27% 2,932 24% 73,314 27% 290
2005 54,044 30% 34,800 21% 7,380 152% 96,224 31% 382
2006 66,043 22% 51,238 47% 12,828 74% 130,109 35% 518
2007 99,086 50% 72,931 42% 16,638 30% 188,655 45% 752
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3Q2007 27,203 19,092 3,878 50,173 796 3Q2008 25,045 -8% 32,840 72% 4,336 12% 62,221 24% 972
CONTRACT AND SHARE VOLUMES:
(in 000's, except %)
TOTAL
Options % Futures* % Stocks %
Period (contracts) Change (contracts) Change (shares) Change
2003 194,358 31,034 17,038,250
2004 269,715 39% 37,748 22% 17,487,528 3%
2005 409,794 52% 44,560 18% 21,925,120 25%
2006 563,623 38% 62,419 40% 34,493,410 57%
2007 673,144 19% 83,134 33% 47,324,798 37%
3Q2007 178,906 22,330 12,805,676
3Q2008 205,470 15% 28,928 30% 14,489,937 13%
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MARKET MAKING
Options % Futures* % Stocks %
Period (contracts) Change (contracts) Change (shares) Change
2003 177,459 6,638 12,578,584
2004 236,569 33% 10,511 58% 12,600,280 0%
2005 308,613 30% 11,551 10% 15,625,801 24%
2006 371,929 21% 14,818 28% 21,180,377 36%
2007 447,905 20% 14,520 -2% 24,558,314 16%
3Q2007 125,720 3,805 6,867,410
3Q2008 138,294 10% 5,581 47% 6,145,983 -11%
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BROKERAGE TOTAL
Options % Futures* % Stocks %
Period (contracts) Change (contracts) Change (shares) Change
2003 16,898 24,396 4,459,667
2004 33,146 96% 27,237 12% 4,887,247 10%
2005 101,181 205% 33,009 21% 6,299,319 29%
2006 191,694 89% 47,601 44% 13,313,033 111%
2007 225,239 17% 68,614 44% 22,766,484 71%
3Q2007 53,186 18,525 5,938,266
3Q2008 67,176 26% 23,347 26% 8,343,954 41%
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*Includes options on futures
CONTRACT AND SHARE VOLUMES, continued:
(in 000's, except %)
BROKERAGE CLEARED
Options % Futures* % Stocks %
Period (contracts) Change (contracts) Change (shares) Change
2003 11,351 19,086 3,612,503
2004 16,438 45% 24,118 26% 4,339,462 20%
2005 23,456 43% 30,646 27% 5,690,308 31%
2006 32,384 38% 45,351 48% 12,492,870 120%
2007 51,586 59% 66,278 46% 20,353,584 63%
3Q2007 13,637 17,844 5,217,253
3Q2008 22,790 67% 22,892 28% 7,421,039 42%
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BROKERAGE STATISTICS:
(in 000's, except % and where noted)
3Q2008 3Q2007 % Change
Total Accounts 107 90 19%
Customer Equity (in billions) * $ 9.4 $ 8.3 13%
Cleared DARTs 338 228 48%
Total Customer DARTs 377 270 40%
(in $'s, except DART per account)
Commission per DART $ 4.21 $ 4.58
DART per Avg. Account (Annualized) 814 652
Net Revenue per Avg. Account (Annualized) $ 4,483 $ 4,344
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* Excludes non-customers (i.e., officers, directors and affiliated parties)
Business Environment
In the third quarter we witnessed heightened turbulence in the financial sector due to continued tightening of the credit markets, coupled with the announced failures and restructuring of large financial institutions and increased levels of federal government intervention. We have been relatively unaffected by these events. We do not hold any mortgage-backed securities or credit default swaps, which have led to massive losses across the financial sector. With the exception of spot foreign exchange, we trade and broker only exchange-listed financial instruments with a ready market and clearly determinable values. Our positions are marked-to-market every day using external closing prices published by the exchanges and clearing houses, so there is no subjective judgment used in valuing these assets.
The recent turmoil has brought historic levels of volatility and unprecedented losses across global financial markets. Despite the challenges this has brought for many broker-dealers, we continued to enjoy healthy profit growth in both our brokerage and market making businesses.
Our brokerage business continues to grow at a strong pace. Our recent marketing efforts have focused on highlighting the safety and stability of our firm. This distinction is based on our strong capital base of over $4 billion and our state of the art risk management system which was designed to curtail the risk of substantial bad debt losses. Our advanced Credit Manager System alerts customers when they approach margin violations and, if necessary, we automatically liquidate positions on a real-time basis to bring the customer's account into margin compliance. This protects our company and our
customers from excessive losses and is especially important during times of violent market swings as we have seen in recently. Other brokers-dealers may extend margin credit to their customers for up to three days, putting the company at risk for large customer losses they may not be able to absorb. In this current environment, we believe customers understand this potential risk and we have seen positive feedback in the form of customer account growth.
This turbulent environment is also productive for our market making business, which is fueled by high levels of market volatility and trading volumes. We have also benefited from a reduction in the level of competition during the third quarter. Although this phenomenon is cyclical, we have observed that during times of heightened market volatility, there is less activity by so called "high frequency traders" in the U.S. options markets. These traders utilize computerized algorithms to employ strategies to profit from certain advantages they have over market makers, including using their customer status to avoid exchange fees and to enjoy execution priority.
Another driver of our market making profits is the relationship between actual and implied volatility in the equities markets. The cost of maintaining our conservative risk profile is based on implied volatility, while our profitability, in part, is based on actual volatility. Hence, our profitability is increased when actual volatility runs above implied volatility and it is decreased when actual volatility falls below implied volatility. Implied volatility tends to lag actual volatility, as observed in the shifts during the first three quarters of 2008. While actual volatility was roughly equal to implied volatility in the first quarter, it slipped below implied volatility in the second quarter. This was reflected in the drop in our second quarter profitability from market making. However, in the third quarter, actual volatility was greater than implied volatility, which is evidenced in our market making profits. This kind of cycle has been a regular pattern in the markets historically.
Despite the downturn in global markets this year, option volumes continue to climb. According to data compiled by the Futures Industry Association (FIA) and based on data received from exchanges worldwide, volumes in exchange-listed equity-based options increased by approximately 25.8% globally and 35.4% in the U.S. during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the same period in 2007. This is a continuation of a trend we have observed over the past six years, and we believe that as the "equity culture" spreads around the world this trend is likely to continue.
According to these same sources, in the third quarter of 2008, we accounted for approximately 13.0% of the exchange-listed equity options volume traded worldwide and approximately 16.0% of exchange-listed equity options volume traded in the U.S. This compares to approximately 14.2% of the exchange-listed equity options volume traded worldwide and approximately 18.1% of the exchange-listed equity options volume traded in the U.S. in the third quarter of 2007.
Results of Operations
The tables in the period comparisons below provide summaries of our revenues and expenses. The period-to-period comparisons of financial results are not necessarily indicative of future results. Historical results of operations are reported as a limited liability company until the IPO, which occurred on May 4, 2007, and do not include franchise tax, minority interest, and federal and state income taxes. Such items are included in subsequent periods. Therefore, the historical results for the period prior to the IPO and subsequent thereto are not comparable. This MD&A includes certain pro forma financial data to present our results of operations on a more comparable basis.
The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the indicated periods:
Three Months Nine Months
Ended September 30, Ended September 30,
2008 2007 2008 2007
(in millions except share and per share data)
Revenues:
Trading gains $ 361.4 $ 289.2 $ 1,006.0 $ 638.3
Commissions and execution fees 98.2 69.5 271.9 186.1
Interest income 101.1 207.6 373.8 597.2
Other income 7.1 21.6 55.6 68.9
Total revenues 567.8 587.9 1,707.3 1,490.5
Interest expense 70.8 142.8 286.5 419.8
Total net revenues 497.0 445.1 1,420.8 1,070.7
Non-interest expenses:
Execution and clearing 82.9 85.1 244.0 256.7
Employee compensation and benefits 39.5 31.0 119.4 92.7
Occupancy, depreciation and amortization 10.5 6.7 27.6 19.1
Communications 4.8 4.1 13.4 11.0
General and administrative 11.9 10.3 35.7 28.3
Total non-interest expenses 149.6 137.2 440.1 407.8
Income before income taxes and minority interest 347.4 307.9 980.7 662.9
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Certain actual and pro forma information with respect to the periods described above is presented below. Information for the three month periods ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, as well as, the nine month period ended September 30, 2008 is based on actual results and the nine month period ended September 30, 2007 is presented as if we had been a public company for the entire period.
Actual Actual Actual Pro Forma (1)
Income tax expense (2) 32.4 27.3 94.4 48.2
Minority interest(3) 287.8 258.4 813.6 569.4
Net income $ 27.2 $ 22.2 $ 72.7 $ 45.3
Earnings per share (4)
Basic $ 0.67 $ 0.55 $ 1.80 $ 1.13
Diluted $ 0.65 $ 0.53 $ 1.76 $ 1.10
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic 40,602,515 40,142,196 40,386,579 40,142,196
Diluted 399,112,085 401,315,481 400,180,439 401,317,851
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(1) The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of income for the nine
month period ended September 30, 2007, gives pro forma effect to the
recapitalization, and the consummation of our initial public offering and
our application of the net proceeds from the offering to purchase
membership interests in IBG LLC from IBG Holdings as though such
transactions had occurred on January 1, 2007. Pro forma earnings per share
calculation includes (i) restricted shares of Common Stock that have been
issued or are to be issued pursuant to the 2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan and
(ii) issuance of restricted shares of Common Stock pursuant to the 2007
Stock Incentive Plan, but excludes shares of Common Stock that are
issuable in the future pursuant to the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan.
(2) Subsequent to the IPO, additional deferred income tax expense is $25.4 million, calculated on a straight line basis, resulting from the amortization of the deferred tax asset of $380.8 million arising from the acquisition of the 10.0% member interest in IBG LLC over 15 years. Of this amount, $13.1 million would have been amortizable for the nine month period ended September 30, 2007, under current tax law. This additional deferred income tax expense is, however, fully offset by reduced current income tax expense in calculating the total provision for income taxes.
(3) The pro forma period presented is adjusted for the approximate 89.7% interest in IBG LLC that IBG Holdings LLC holds arising from the . . .
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