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XPRT > SEC Filings for XPRT > Form 10-Q on 6-Nov-2008All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-Q for LECG CORP


6-Nov-2008

Quarterly Report


ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and other parts of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain statements concerning our future business, operating results and financial condition, and statements using the terms "believes," "expects," "will," "could," "plans," "anticipates," "estimates," "predicts," "intends," "potential," "continue," "should," "may," or the negative of these terms or similar expressions, which are "forward-looking" statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon the current expectations of our management as of the date of this Report. Events in the future that may cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements and our expectations. Information contained in these forward-looking statements is inherently uncertain, and actual performance is subject to a number of risks, including but not limited to, (1) our ability to successfully attract, integrate and retain our experts and professional staff, (2) our dependence on key personnel, (3) our successful management and utilization of professional staff, (4) our dependence on growth of our service offerings, (5) our ability to maintain and attract new business, (6) the cost and contribution of additional hires and acquisitions, (7) successful administration of our business and financial reporting capabilities, including maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, (8) potential professional liability, (9) intense competition, (10) risks inherent in international operations, and (11) risks inherent in successfully transitioning and managing our restructured business. Further information on these and other potential risk factors that could affect our financial results are described in our periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those set forth in this Report under Item 1A. "Risk Factors." We cannot guarantee any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievement. We undertake no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this Report.

Overview

We provide expert services through our highly credentialed experts and professional staff, whose skills and qualifications provide us the opportunity to address complex, unstructured business and public policy problems. We deliver independent expert testimony and original authoritative studies in both adversarial and non-adversarial situations. We conduct economic, financial, accounting and statistical analyses to provide objective opinions and strategic advice to legislative, judicial, regulatory and business decision makers. Our skills include electronic discovery, forensic accounting, data collection, econometric modeling and other types of statistical analyses, report preparation and oral presentation at depositions. Our experts are renowned academics, former senior government officials, experienced industry leaders, technical analysts and seasoned consultants. Our clients include FortuneGlobal 500 corporations, major law firms, and local, state and federal governments and agencies in the United States and other countries throughout the world.

Segments

As of the second quarter of 2008, we reorganized our historical practice groups and individual experts into two operating segments: Economics Services, and Finance and Accounting Services Below is a description of the two operating segments:

† Economics Services segment is comprised of global competition, labor and employment, regulated industries, and securities sectors.

† Global competition-offers a complete range of services on antitrust matters, including mergers and acquisition, before courts and regulatory authorities around the world. The services involve the use of economic and statistical techniques to develop independent and objective analyses concerning issues related to merger reviews, monopolization claims, cartels, and quantification of damages. Experts in this area frequently testify before courts and appear before competition authorities in many jurisdictions around the world.

† Labor and employment-advises clients on a wide variety of issues by providing litigation support, independent expert testimony, and business advisory services, including issues of statistical liability in discrimination, wrongful termination, and wage and hour claims.

† Regulated industries-provides expertise in a broad range of regulated industries, such as energy, environment and natural resources, telecommunications, transportation and financial claims.

† Securities- specializes in the study of capital markets. These leading financial economists conduct independent analyses in disputes involving allegations of securities fraud, valuation of complex securities, and capital market transactions such as mergers and acquisitions.


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† Finance and Accounting Services segment is comprised of electronic discovery, financial services, forensic accounting, healthcare, higher education, intellectual property, and international finance and accounting services sectors.

† Electronic discovery-provides direct collaboration with outside counsel, general counsel, corporate executives, bank examiners, bankruptcy trustees, forensic accountants, fraud examiners, and damages experts to deliver objective advice and testimony in all phases of the electronic discovery process including litigation preparedness, computer forensics and data analytics.

† Financial services-provides banking advisory services to leading financial service firms world wide, addressing regulatory compliance, tax, and dispute resolution, and provides representation before applicable regulatory authorities and assists clients in regulatory compliance and SEC investigations and litigation.

† Forensic accounting-provides a broad range of expertise in accounting, auditing, computer forensics, regulatory (SEC), valuation, tax, and securities litigation, and offers a comprehensive mix of forensic accounting services, including internal investigations, fraud investigations, and when necessary, expert witness testimony.

† Healthcare-provides analyses and insight to clients confronting the uncertain healthcare environment by advising clients in the development of strategies, designing and understanding policies, and responding to legal and regulatory challenges, and offers a broad range of litigation support, management advisory, compliance, and expert testimony services.

† Higher education-provides strategic advice and management consulting to companies, universities, governments, and non-profit organizations with a focus on research and development and higher education.

† Intellectual property-provides expertise in areas such as capturing value from technological innovation and knowledge assets, estimating damages due to infringement or misappropriation, definition of markets and analyses of non-infringing alternatives, transfer pricing valuation studies, and valuation of businesses, opportunities, and intangible assets.

† International finance and accounting services-provides expert finance and accounting services to clients outside the United States, with particular emphasis on investigations, damages analysis and expert testimony in international arbitrations.

We present and discuss information about our internal management and reporting in the Results of Operations section and other parts of this Management's Discussion and Analysis. Our historical revenues, costs of services and other operational data have been recast by segment as if our current management and reporting structure had been in place since the beginning of each period presented. Since we have historically measured our business performance at a consolidated entity level, and we made resource allocation decisions differently under that structure, this recasting of historical segment information is not intended to represent the actual results that would have been achieved if our business had been managed under the current structure since the beginning of each period presented.

2007 Value recovery plan

In February 2007, our Board of Directors approved an action program intended to increase our profitability and stockholder value. This value recovery plan included expert headcount reduction, based on analysis of practice group and individual expert contribution margins, staff leverage, and our strategic direction, increased controls over general and administrative expenditures, including office closures, more stringent acquisition evaluation criteria, and professional staff and administrative staff headcount reductions through both attrition and involuntary terminations. The actions taken to date associated with the value recovery plan have improved our professional staff utilization, infrastructure and management disciplines, and we anticipate that these results will allow higher levels of profitability as we expand the business.

In connection with our value recovery plan, we terminated 121 billable headcount and seven administrative staff during 2007, and 39 billable headcount in 2008 which included 20 and 140 billable headcount in the Economics Services and Finance and Accounting Services segments, respectively. We also closed seven offices and a computer facility during the same period in 2007.


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In connection with the terminations and office closures described above, we recognized restructuring charges totaling $10.7 million which are reflected in our consolidated statement of income for 2007 as follows: $8.2 million in "Direct costs" and $2.5 million in "General and administrative expenses." The 2007 restructuring charges of $10.7 million were comprised of:

(i) one-time termination benefits of $1.7 million,

(ii) the write-off of $3.7 million of unearned signing and performance bonuses,

(iii) the write-off of $3.8 million of expert advances paid in excess of expert fees earned,

(iv) $1.4 million of lease buyout and rent payments for office closures and other cash charges, and

(v) another $0.1 million of associated office closure and stock compensation costs.

Items (ii), (iii), and (v) totaling $7.6 million are non-cash charges.

Further information regarding our restructuring charges is included in Note 15, "Restructuring charges" in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2007, and Note 10, "Restructuring charges" in Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

On December 31, 2007, as part of our value recovery plan and our efforts to focus our practice area offerings, we disposed of our wholly-owned subsidiary Silicon Valley Expert Witness Group, Inc. ("SVEWG") and recognized a loss on disposal of $2.2 million. We have presented SVEWG as a discontinued operation for all periods presented, consistent with the provisions of SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long Lived Assets ("SFAS No. 144"). The results of operations, net of taxes, and the carrying value of the assets and liabilities of SVEWG are reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations, and assets of discontinued operations and liabilities of discontinued operations, respectively. All prior periods were reclassified to conform to this presentation. These reclassifications of the prior period consolidated financial statements did not impact total assets, liabilities, stockholders' equity, net income or cash flows.

Further financial information regarding discontinued operations is included in Note 5, "Discontinued operations" in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2007, and Note 11, "Discontinued operations" in Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

2008 Billable headcount

The following table summarizes the change in the period end billable headcount since September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2007.

                                                                          Change since              Change since
                      September 30,   December 31,   September 30,      December 31, 2007        September 30, 2007
                          2008            2007           2007           Number          %         Number          %

Economics Services              298            308             315            -10         -3 %          -17         -5 %
Finance and
Accounting Services             503            521             547            -18         -3 %          -44         -8 %
Consolidated                    801            829             862            -28         -3 %          -61         -7 %

The decrease in consolidated billable headcount since December 31, 2007 is primarily due to 39 terminations in connection with our 2007 recovery plan and 7 terminations due to attrition, net of ongoing recruitment efforts. These decreases were partially offset by the hiring of 18 financial advisory and litigation consulting professionals.

The decrease in billable headcount from September 30, 2007 to September 30, 2008 is primarily due to 57 terminations in connection with our 2007 value recovery plan and 22 terminations due to attrition, net of ongoing recruitment efforts. These decreases were partially offset by the hiring of 18 financial advisory and litigation consulting professionals.

The retention of key experts and the recruitment and hiring of additional experts and professional staff, both through direct hiring and through acquisitions, contributes to the success of our business. Our retention and hiring strategy is designed to promote our


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competitive advantage, to deepen our existing service offerings and to enter into new service areas when strategic opportunities arise. In connection with our retention and hiring efforts in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we paid signing, retention and performance bonuses of $15.0 million and $19.9 million, respectively, which will be amortized over periods ranging from one to seven years. Amortization of signing, retention and performance bonuses expense was $12.4 million and $8.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

Operations

Revenues

We derive our revenue primarily from professional service fees that are billed at hourly rates on a time and expense basis. Revenue related to these services is recognized when the earnings process is complete and collection is reasonably assured. Revenues are recognized net of amounts estimated to be unrealizable based on several factors, including the historical percentage of write-offs due to fee adjustments for both unbilled and billed receivables.

Fee-based revenues, net are comprised of:

†                      fees for the services of our professional staff and
subcontractors;

†                      fees for the services of our experts and affiliates; and

†                      realization allowance.

Reimbursable revenues are comprised of amounts we charge for services provided by others, and costs that are reimbursable by clients, including travel, document reproduction, subscription data services and other costs.

Cost of services

Direct costs are comprised of:

† salary, bonuses, employer taxes and benefits of all professional staff and salaried experts;

† compensation to experts based on a percentage of their individual professional fees;

† compensation to experts based on specified revenue and gross margin performance targets;

†                      compensation to subcontractors and affiliates;

†                      fees earned by experts and other business generators as
project origination fees;

†                      amortization of signing, retention and performance
bonuses that are subject to vesting over time;

†                      equity-based compensation; and

†                      restructuring charges.

Reimbursable costs are costs incurred for services provided by others, and costs that are reimbursable by clients, including travel, document reproduction and subscription data services.

Hourly fees charged by the professional staff that supports our experts, rather than the hourly fees charged by our experts, generate a majority of our gross profit. Most of our experts are compensated based on a percentage of their own billings, ranging from 30% to 100%, and averaging approximately 72% of their individual billings in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The majority of our experts are paid when we have received payment from our clients. We refer to these experts as "at-risk" experts. Some of our experts are compensated based on a percentage of performance targets, such as revenue or gross margin associated with engagements generated by those experts or group of experts. Experts not on either of these compensation models are compensated on a salary plus performance-based bonus model. We provide advance payments, or draws to many of our non-salaried experts, and any outstanding draws previously paid to experts are deducted from the experts' compensation. We recognize an estimate of compensation expense for expert advances that we consider may ultimately be unrecoverable. In some cases, we guarantee an expert's draw at the inception of their employment for a period of time, which is typically one year or less. If an expert's earnings do not exceed their guaranteed draws within a reasonable period of time, we recognize an estimate of the compensation expense we will ultimately incur.

Because of the manner in which we pay our experts, our gross profit is significantly dependent on the margin generated by our professional staff. The number and the skill levels of the professional staff assigned to a project will vary depending on the size, nature and duration of each engagement. We manage our personnel costs by monitoring engagement requirements and the utilization of our professional staff. As an inducement to encourage experts to utilize our professional staff, "at-risk" experts generally receive project origination fees. Such fees are based primarily on a percentage of the collected professional staff fees. Project origination fees can also include a percentage of the collected expert fees for those experts acting in a support role on an engagement. In the quarter ended September 30, 2008, these fees averaged 12.2% of professional staff revenues. Experts are required to use our professional staff unless the skills required to perform the work are not available through this pool. In these instances we engage outside individual or firm-based consultants, who are typically compensated on an hourly basis. Both the revenue and cost resulting from the services provided by these outside consultants are recognized in the period in which the services are performed.


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Hiring experts sometimes involves the payment of cash signing bonuses. In some cases, the payment of a portion of a signing bonus is deferred until a future date. Signing bonuses are recognized when the payment is made or the obligation to pay such bonus is incurred, and are generally recoverable from the employee if he or she were to voluntarily terminate or be terminated for cause prior to a specified date. Signing bonuses are generally amortized over the period for which they are recoverable from the individual expert, up to a maximum period of seven years. We have also paid or are obligated to pay to certain experts performance bonuses that are subject to recovery of unearned amounts if the expert were to voluntarily terminate, or be terminated for cause, or fail to meet certain performance criteria prior to a specified date. Like signing bonuses, performance bonuses are generally amortized over the period for which they are recoverable from the individual expert, up to a maximum period of seven years, and we recognize such performance bonuses at the time we determine it is more likely than not that the performance criteria will be met. Retention of key experts sometimes involves the payment of cash retention bonuses. Retention bonuses are recognized on the execution date of the retention agreement, and are recoverable from the employee if he or she were to voluntarily leave us or to be terminated for cause prior to a specified date. Retention bonuses are generally amortized over the lesser of the period for which they are recoverable from the individual expert or seven years.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Revenue recognition

Revenue includes all amounts earned that are billed or billable to clients, including reimbursable expenses, and are reduced for amounts related to work performed that are estimated to be unrealizable. Expert revenues consist of revenues generated by experts who are our employees as well as revenues generated by experts who are independent contractors. There is no operating, business or other substantive distinction between our employee experts and our exclusive independent contractor experts.

Revenues primarily arise from time and material contracts, which are recognized in the period in which the services are performed. We also enter into certain performance-based contracts for which performance fees are dependent upon a successful outcome, as defined by the consulting engagement. Revenues related to performance-based fee contracts are recognized in the period when the earnings process is complete, and we have received payment for the services performed under the contract. Revenues are also generated from fixed price contracts, which are recognized as the agreed upon services are performed. Fixed price contracts revenues are not a material component of total revenues.

We recognize revenue net of an estimate for amounts that will not be collected from the client due to fee adjustments. This estimate is based on several factors, including our historical percentage of fee adjustments, and review of unbilled and billed receivables. These estimates are reviewed by management on a regular basis.

Equity-based compensation

Stock-based compensation arrangements covered by SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment ("SFAS No. 123R") currently include stock option grants and restricted stock awards under our 2003 Stock Option Plan and purchases of common stock by our employees at a discount to the market price under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"). Under SFAS No. 123R, the value of the portion of the option or award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense on a straight line basis over the requisite service periods in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Stock-based compensation expense for purchases under the ESPP are recognized based on the estimated fair value of the common stock during each offering period and the percentage of the purchase discount.

Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for stock-based employee compensation plans using the intrinsic value method of accounting in accordance with APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees ("APB No. 25"), and related interpretations. Under the provisions of APB No. 25, no compensation expense was recognized with respect to employee purchases of our common stock under the ESPP or when stock options were granted with exercise prices equal to or greater than market value on the date of grant.

Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation arrangements in accordance with SFAS No. 123R using the modified prospective method of transition. Under the modified prospective method of transition, we were not required to restate our prior period financial statements to reflect expensing of stock-based compensation under SFAS No. 123R.

We use the Black-Scholes option valuation model adjusted for the estimated historical forfeiture rate for the respective grant to determine the estimated fair value of our stock-based compensation arrangements on the date of grant ("grant date fair value"), and we expense this value ratably over the service period of the option or performance period of the restricted stock award. Expense amounts are allocated among cost of revenue and general and administrative expenses based on the function of the employee receiving the


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grant. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions. Because our employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's opinion, the existing models may not provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of our employee stock options or common stock purchased under the ESPP. In addition, management will continue to assess the assumptions and methodologies used to calculate estimated fair value of our stock-based compensation. Circumstances may change and additional data may become available over time, which could result in changes to these assumptions and methodologies, and which could materially impact our fair value determination.

Income taxes

Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted FASB Interpretation Number 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 ("FIN 48"). This interpretation clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements in accordance with SFAS 109. This interpretation contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount which is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Our management assessed that we had no significant unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2008. Consequently, no additional tax liabilities have been recorded as of September 30, 2008.

Our annual effective tax rate is determined based on estimated worldwide pre-tax income, permanent differences and credits, and is reviewed quarterly to determine if actual results require modification of the effective tax rate. We estimate our 2008 annual effective income tax rate to be 40.6%.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill relates to our historical business acquisitions, reflecting the excess of purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired. SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets ("SFAS No. 142"), provides that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives will not be amortized, but must be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amounts of these assets may not be recoverable. Our annual impairment test is performed during the fourth quarter of each year using an October 1stmeasure date. As of . . .

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