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| CVX > SEC Filings for CVX > Form 10-Q on 6-Nov-2008 | All Recent SEC Filings |
6-Nov-2008
Quarterly Report
Third Quarter 2008 Compared with Third Quarter 2007 and Nine Months 2008 Compared with Nine Months 2007
Key Financial Results
Income by Business Segment
Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30 September 30
2008 2007 2008 2007
(Millions of dollars)
Upstream - Exploration and Production
United States $ 2,187 $ 1,135 $ 5,977 $ 3,154
International 3,995 2,296 12,581 6,823
Total Upstream 6,182 3,431 18,558 9,977
Downstream - Refining, Marketing and Transportation
United States 1,014 (110 ) 336 1,021
International 817 487 1,013 2,277
Total Downstream 1,831 377 1,349 3,298
Chemicals 70 103 154 327
Total Segment Income 8,083 3,911 20,061 13,602
All Other (190 ) (193 ) (1,025 ) 211
Net Income* $ 7,893 $ 3,718 $ 19,036 $ 13,813
* Includes foreign currency effects $ 303 $ (92 ) $ 384 $ (350 )
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Net income for the third quarter 2008 was $7.9 billion ($3.85 per share - diluted), compared with $3.7 billion ($1.75 per share - diluted) in the corresponding 2007 period. Net income for the first nine months of 2008 was $19.0 billion ($9.23 per share - diluted), versus $13.8 billion ($6.45 per share - diluted) in the 2007 first nine months. In the following discussion, the term "earnings" is defined as segment income.
Upstream earnings in the third quarter of 2008 were $6.2 billion, compared with $3.4 billion in the year-ago period. Earnings for the first nine months of 2008 were $18.6 billion, versus $10.0 billion a year earlier. The increase for both comparative periods was driven by higher prices for crude oil and natural gas.
Downstream earnings in the third quarter 2008 of $1.8 billion increased from $377 million a year earlier due to improved margins on the sale of refined products. The 2007 quarter included a $265 million gain on the sale of marketing assets in Europe.
Nine-month 2008 profits were $1.3 billion, down from $3.3 billion in the corresponding 2007 period. Downstream operated at a loss for the first six months of 2008 due to market conditions that prevented escalating costs of crude-oil feedstocks used in the refining process from being fully recovered in the sales price of refined products. Besides the referenced $265 million gain in the 2007 third quarter, the first nine months of 2007 also included a $700 million gain on the sale of the company's interest in a refinery and related assets in the Netherlands.
Chemicals earned $70 million and $154 million for the third quarter and first-nine months of 2008, respectively. Comparative amounts in 2007 were $103 million and $327 million.
Refer to pages 26 to 29 for additional discussion of earnings by business segment and "All Other" activities for the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 versus the same periods in 2007.
Business Environment and Outlook
Chevron is a global energy company with its most significant business activities in the following countries: Angola, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Chad, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, France, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, the Partitioned Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, the Philippines, Qatar, Republic of the Congo, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom, the United States, Venezuela and Vietnam.
Chevron's current and future earnings depend largely on the profitability of its upstream (exploration and production) and downstream (refining, marketing and transportation) business segments. The single biggest factor that affects the results of operations for both segments is movement in the price of crude oil. In the downstream business, crude oil is the largest cost component of refined products. The overall trend in earnings is typically less affected by results from the company's chemicals business and other activities and investments. Earnings for the company in any period may also be influenced by events or transactions that are infrequent and/or unusual in nature.
Chevron and the oil and gas industry at large continue to experience an increase in certain costs that exceeds the general trend of inflation in many areas of the world. This increase in costs is affecting the company's operating expenses for all business segments and capital expenditures, but particularly for the upstream business. The company's operations, particularly upstream, can also be affected by changing economic, regulatory and political environments in the various countries in which it operates, including the United States. Civil unrest, acts of violence or strained relations between a government and the company or other governments may impact the company's operations or investments. Those developments have at times significantly affected the company's related operations and results and are carefully considered by management when evaluating the level of current and future activity in such countries.
To sustain its long-term competitive position in the upstream business, the company must develop and replenish an inventory of projects that offer adequate financial returns for the investment required. Identifying promising areas for exploration, acquiring the necessary rights to explore for and to produce crude oil and natural gas, drilling successfully, and handling the many technical and operational details in a safe and cost-effective manner, are all important factors in this effort. Projects often require long lead times and large capital commitments. In the current environment of higher commodity prices, certain governments have sought to renegotiate contracts or impose additional costs and taxes on the company. Other governments may attempt to do so in the future. The company will continue to monitor these developments, take them into account in evaluating future investment opportunities, and otherwise seek to mitigate any risks to the company's current operations or future prospects.
The company also continually evaluates opportunities to dispose of assets that are not key to providing sufficient long-term value, or to acquire assets or operations complementary to its asset base to help augment the company's growth. In October 2008, the company received 14.2 million shares of its common stock in exchange for Chevron's 44 percent interest in Drunkard's Wash coalbed natural-gas field in Utah plus $280 million cash. The company expects to record a significant gain on the transaction in the fourth quarter 2008. Asset dispositions and restructurings may occur in future periods and could result in significant gains or losses.
The company has been closely monitoring the ongoing uncertainty in financial and credit markets, the recent rapid decline in crude-oil prices, and the signs of a general contraction of worldwide economic activity. Management is taking these developments into account in the conduct of daily operations and for business planning. The company remains confident of its underlying financial strength to deal with potential problems presented by this environment.
Comments related to earnings trends for the company's major business areas are as follows:
Upstream Earnings for the upstream segment are closely aligned with industry price levels for crude oil and natural gas. Crude-oil and natural-gas prices are subject to external factors over which the company has no control, including product demand connected with global economic conditions, industry inventory levels, production quotas imposed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), weather-related damage and disruptions, competing fuel prices, and regional supply interruptions or fears thereof that may be caused by military conflicts, civil unrest or political uncertainty. Moreover, any of these factors could also inhibit the company's production
capacity in an affected region. The company monitors developments closely in the countries in which it operates and holds investments, and attempts to manage risks in operating its facilities and business.
Price levels for capital and exploratory costs and operating expenses associated with the efficient production of crude-oil and natural-gas can also be subject to external factors beyond the company's control. External factors include not only the general level of inflation but also prices charged by the industry's material- and service-providers, which can be affected by the volatility of the industry's own supply and demand conditions for such materials and services. The oil and gas industry worldwide has experienced significant price increases for these items since 2005, and future price increases may continue to exceed the general level of inflation. Capital and exploratory expenditures and operating expenses also can be affected by damages to production facilities caused by severe weather or civil unrest.
As shown in the chart at left,
the industry price for West
Texas Intermediate (WTI), a
benchmark crude oil, started
2007 at about $60 per barrel
and ended the year at $96. The
average price for the year was
$72.
[[Image Removed: (COMPANY LOGO)]]
In 2008, WTI peaked above $145
per barrel in early July and
fell sharply to about $100 by
the end of the third quarter.
Until the drop in crude-oil prices that began in mid-2008, worldwide prices had remained strong due mainly to increasing demand in growing economies, the heightened level of geopolitical uncertainty in some areas of the world and supply concerns in other key producing regions. The recent slowdown in world economic growth has contributed to a decline in oil demand and the associated drop in prices.
As in 2007, a wide differential in prices existed during the first nine months of 2008 between high-quality (high-gravity, low sulfur) crude oils and those of lower quality (low-gravity, high sulfur). The relatively lower price for the heavier crudes has been associated with an ample supply and a relatively lower demand due to the limited number of refineries that are able to process this lower-quality feedstock into light products (motor gasoline, jet fuel, aviation gasoline and diesel fuel). Chevron produces or shares in the production of heavy crude oil in California, Chad, Indonesia, the Partitioned Neutral Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, Venezuela and in certain fields in Angola, China and the United Kingdom North Sea. (Refer to page 32 for the company's average U.S. and international crude-oil realizations.)
In contrast to price movements in the global market for crude oil, price changes for natural gas in many regional markets are more closely aligned with supply and demand conditions in those markets. As indicated in the chart at the top of the page, U.S. benchmark prices at Henry Hub averaged nearly $10 per thousand cubic feet (MCF) in the first nine months of 2008, compared with $7 for the first nine months and for the full year 2007. At the end of October 2008, the Henry Hub spot price was $6.78 per MCF. Fluctuations in the price for natural gas in the United States are closely associated with the volumes produced in North America and the level of inventory in underground storage relative to customer demand.
Certain other regions of the world in which the company operates have different supply, demand and regulatory circumstances, typically resulting in significantly lower average sales prices for the company's production of natural gas. (Refer to page 32 for the company's average natural gas realizations for the U.S. and international regions.) Additionally, excess-supply conditions that exist in certain parts of the world cannot easily serve to mitigate the relatively high-price conditions in the United States and other markets because of the lack of infrastructure to transport and receive liquefied natural gas.
To help address this regional imbalance between supply and demand for natural gas, Chevron is planning increased investments in long-term projects in areas of excess supply to install infrastructure to produce and liquefy natural
gas for transport by tanker, along with investments and commitments to regasify the product in markets where demand is strong and supplies are not as plentiful. Due to the significance of the overall investment in these long-term projects, the natural-gas sales prices in the areas of excess supply (before the natural gas is transferred to a company-owned or third-party processing facility) are expected to remain well below sales prices for natural gas that is produced much nearer to areas of high demand and can be transported in existing natural gas pipeline networks (as in the United States).
Besides the impact of the fluctuation in prices for crude oil and natural gas, the longer-term trend in earnings for the upstream segment is also a function of other factors, including the company's ability to find or acquire and efficiently produce crude oil and natural gas, changes in fiscal terms of contracts, changes in tax rates on income, and the cost of goods and services.
In the first nine months of 2008, the company's worldwide oil-equivalent production averaged approximately 2.53 million barrels per day. The production outlook for 2008 and beyond is subject to many factors and uncertainties, including the impact of changing prices on volumes recoverable under certain production-sharing and variable-royalty agreements outside the United States, quotas that may be imposed by OPEC, changes in fiscal terms or restrictions on the scope of company operations, delays in project start-ups, and production disruptions that could be caused by severe weather, local civil unrest and changing geopolitics.
Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico caused a decline of approximately 150,000 barrels per day of oil-equivalent production for September 2008. At the end of October, about 90,000 barrels of daily oil-equivalent production, or about half of the production rate in the Gulf of Mexico prior to the hurricanes, had not yet been restored. The company estimates 90 percent of the production will be restored by the fourth quarter of 2009. Less than 10,000 barrels per day are expected to be permanently shut in as a result of hurricane damage.
The outlook for future production levels also is affected by the size and number of economic investment opportunities and, for new large-scale projects, the time lag between initial exploration and the beginning of production. A significant majority of Chevron's upstream investment is currently being made outside the United States. Investments in upstream projects generally begin well in advance of the start of the associated crude-oil and natural-gas production.
About one-fourth of the company's net oil-equivalent production in the first nine months of 2008 occurred in the OPEC-member countries of Angola, Indonesia, Nigeria and Venezuela and in the Partitioned Neutral Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. On October 24, 2008, OPEC announced a reduction of 1.5 million barrels per day, or about 5 percent, from its previous production ceiling of 28.8 million barrels per day. The reduction became effective November 1, 2008. OPEC quotas did not significantly affect Chevron's production level in 2007 or in the first nine months of 2008. The company's current and future production levels could be affected by the OPEC limitations that became effective November 1, but any such effect is not expected to be significant.
Refer to the Results of Operations on pages 26 through 28 for additional discussion of the company's upstream business.
Downstream Earnings for the downstream segment are closely tied to margins on the refining and marketing of products that include gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, fuel oil and feedstocks for chemical manufacturing. Industry margins are sometimes volatile and can be affected by the global and regional supply-and-demand balance for refined products and by changes in the price of crude oil used for refinery feedstock. Industry margins can also be influenced by refined-product inventory levels, geopolitical events, refinery maintenance programs and disruptions at refineries resulting from unplanned outages that may be due to severe weather, fires or other operational events.
Other factors affecting profitability for downstream operations include the reliability and efficiency of the company's refining and marketing network, the effectiveness of the crude-oil and product-supply functions and the economic returns on invested capital. Profitability can also be affected by the volatility of tanker-charter rates for the company's shipping operations, which are driven by the industry's demand for crude-oil and product tankers. Other factors beyond the company's control include the general level of inflation and energy costs to operate the company's refinery and distribution network.
The company's most significant marketing areas are the West Coast of North America, the U.S. Gulf Coast, Latin America, Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and the United Kingdom. Chevron operates or has ownership interests in refineries in each of these areas, except Latin America. As part of its downstream strategy to focus on areas of market strength, the company recently announced plans to sell marketing businesses in several countries. Refer to the discussion in "Operating Developments" below.
Downstream earnings, especially in the United States, were weak from mid-2007 through mid-2008 due mainly to increasing prices of crude oil used in the refining process that were not always fully recovered through sales prices of refined products. Margins significantly improved in the third quarter 2008 as the price of crude oil declined.
Refer to the Results of Operations on pages 28 through 29 for additional discussion of the company's downstream operations.
Chemicals Earnings in the petrochemicals business are closely tied to global chemical demand, industry inventory levels and plant capacity utilization. Feedstock and fuel costs, which tend to follow crude-oil and natural-gas price movements, also influence earnings in this segment.
Refer to the Results of Operations on page 29 for additional discussion of chemical earnings.
Operating Developments
Noteworthy operating developments for the upstream business in recent months included the following:
Kazakhstan - Completed the second phase of a major expansion of production operations and processing facilities at the 50 percent-owned Tengizchevroil affiliate, increasing total crude-oil production capacity from 400,000 barrels per day to 540,000.
Nigeria - Started production offshore at the 68 percent-owned and operated Agbami Field, with total oil production averaging about 100,000 barrels per day in October and expected to achieve a total maximum of 250,000 barrels per day by the end of 2009.
Middle East - Signed an agreement with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to extend to 2039 the company's operation of the Kingdom's 50 percent interest in oil and gas resources of the onshore area of the Partitioned Neutral Zone between the Kingdom and the State of Kuwait.
Australia - Started production from Train 5 of the one-sixth-owned North West Shelf Venture onshore liquefied-natural-gas (LNG) facility in West Australia, increasing export capacity by up to 4.4 million metric tons annually to 16.3 million.
Canada - Finalized agreements with the government of Newfoundland and Labrador to develop the 27 percent-owned Hebron heavy-oil project off the eastern coast.
The company also recently announced plans for its downstream operations to sell marketing-related businesses in Brazil, Nigeria, Benin, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Cτte d'Ivoire, Togo, Kenya, and Uganda.
Results of Operations
Business Segments The following section presents the results of operations for the company's business segments - upstream, downstream and chemicals - as well as for "all other" - the departments and companies managed at the corporate level. (Refer to Note 3 beginning on page 8 for a discussion of the company's "reportable segments," as defined in FAS 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.)
Upstream
Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30 September 30
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U.S. upstream income of $2.2 billion in the third quarter of 2008 increased about $1 billion from the same period last year. Higher prices for crude oil and natural gas benefited earnings by about $1.25 billion between periods. The benefit of higher prices was partially offset by the impact of lower oil-equivalent production, mainly the result of production in the Gulf of Mexico that was shut in or disrupted during September because of hurricanes Gustav and Ike. The 2008 quarter also included approximately $400 million of expenses associated with damage to facilities in the Gulf of Mexico caused by the hurricanes. Largely offsetting these expenses were gains of about $350 million on asset sales.
Nine-month 2008 earnings of approximately $6 billion were up $2.8 billion from the corresponding 2007 period. Higher prices for crude oil and natural gas increased earnings by $3.9 billion between periods. Partially offsetting this benefit were the impacts of lower oil-equivalent production and higher operating expenses in the 2008 period.
The average realization for crude oil and natural gas liquids in the third quarter of 2008 was about $107 per barrel, compared with $67 a year earlier. Nine-month prices per barrel were $101 and $58 for 2008 and 2007, respectively. The average natural-gas realization was $8.64 per thousand cubic feet in the 2008 quarter, compared with $5.43 in the year-ago period. Natural-gas realizations were $8.66 and $6.13 in first nine months of 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Net oil-equivalent production was 647,000 barrels per day in the third quarter 2008, down 94,000 barrels per day from a year earlier. More than half the decline was due to operations shut in or disrupted by the hurricanes. Nine-month production was 688,000 barrels per day, down 59,000 barrels per day from the first nine months of 2007. Besides the adverse impact of the hurricanes, the lower production in 2008 for both comparative periods also reflected normal field declines.
The net liquids component of oil-equivalent production decreased about 11 percent between quarters to 409,000 barrels per day. For the nine-month period, net liquids production decreased about 7 percent to 428,000 barrels per day in 2008. Net natural gas production declined about 16 percent for the quarter to 1.43 billion cubic feet per day. Between the nine-month periods, net natural gas production decreased about 9 percent to 1.56 billion cubic feet per day.
Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30 September 30
2008 2007 2008 2007
(Millions of dollars)
International Upstream Income* $ 3,995 $ 2,296 $ 12,581 $ 6,823
* Includes foreign currency effects $ 316 $ (99 ) $ 229 $ (329 )
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International upstream income of $4 billion in the third quarter of 2008 increased $1.7 billion from a year earlier. Higher prices for crude oil and natural gas benefited earnings about $1.8 billion between periods. Partially offsetting the benefit of higher prices were a reduction of crude-oil sales volumes due to timing of certain cargo liftings and higher operating expenses. Foreign currency effects benefited earnings by $316 million in the 2008 quarter, compared with a $99 million reduction to income a year earlier.
For the nine-month period, earnings were $12.6 billion, up about $5.8 billion from the 2007 period. Higher prices for crude oil and natural gas in 2008 increased earnings by about $6.1 billion. Partially offsetting the benefit were the same factors mentioned above for the quarterly comparison. Foreign currency effects benefited earnings by $229 million in 2008, compared with a $329 million reduction to earnings a year earlier.
The average realization for crude oil and natural gas liquids for the third quarter 2008 was about $103 per barrel, versus $67 in the 2007 period. For the first nine months of 2008, the average realization was $100 per barrel, compared with $60 for the nine months of 2007. The average natural-gas realization in the 2008 third quarter was $5.37 per thousand cubic feet, up from $3.78 in the third quarter last year. Between the nine-month periods, the average natural gas realization increased to $5.21 from $3.75.
Net oil-equivalent production, including volumes from oil sands in Canada, was 1.80 million barrels per day in the third quarter 2008, down about 3 percent from a year earlier. Production for the first nine months of 2008 was 1.84 million barrels per day, down 2 percent from the corresponding 2007 period. Absent the impact of higher prices
on certain production-sharing and variable-royalty agreements, net oil-equivalent production increased between both comparative periods.
The net liquids component of oil-equivalent production was 1.19 million barrels per day in the third quarter 2008 and 1.23 million barrels per day in first nine months of 2008, down 8 percent and 7 percent, respectively, from the year-ago quarters. Net natural gas production of 3.62 billion cubic feet per day in the third quarter 2008 and 3.67 billion cubic feet per day in the first nine months of 2008 increased 10 percent and 11 percent from the respective year-earlier periods.
Downstream . . . |
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