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| HOT > SEC Filings for HOT > Form 10-Q on 5-Nov-2008 | All Recent SEC Filings |
5-Nov-2008
Quarterly Report
Forward-Looking Statements
This report includes "forward-looking" statements, as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 or by the Securities and Exchange Commission in its rules, regulations and releases. Forward-looking statements are any statements other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, hopes, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as "may," "will," "expects," "should," "believes," "plans," "anticipates," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "continue," or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions, our financial and business prospects, our capital requirements, our financing prospects, our relationships with associates and labor unions, and those disclosed as risks in other reports filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those described in Part I of our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K. We caution readers that any such statements are based on currently available operational, financial and competitive information, and they should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's opinion only as of the date on which they were made. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation to review or update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances as they occur.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") discusses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and costs and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those relating to revenue recognition, bad debts, inventories, investments, plant, property and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets, income taxes, financing operations, frequent guest program liability, self-insurance claims payable, restructuring costs, retirement benefits and contingencies and litigation.
We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
We believe the following to be our critical accounting policies:
Revenue Recognition. Our revenues are primarily derived from the following sources: (1) hotel and resort revenues at our owned, leased and consolidated joint venture properties; (2) management and franchise revenues; (3) vacation ownership and residential revenues; (4) revenues from managed and franchised properties; and (5) other revenues which are ancillary to our operations. Generally, revenues are recognized when the services have been rendered. The following is a description of the composition of our revenues:
• Owned, Leased and Consolidated Joint Ventures - Represents revenue primarily derived from hotel operations, including the rental of rooms and food and beverage sales from owned, leased or consolidated joint venture hotels and resorts. Revenue is recognized when rooms are occupied and services have been rendered. These revenues are impacted by global economic conditions affecting the travel and hospitality industry as well as relative market share of the local competitive set of hotels. Revenue per available room
("REVPAR") is a leading indicator of revenue trends at owned, leased and consolidated joint venture hotels as it measures the period-over-period growth in rooms revenue for comparable properties.
• Management and Franchise Revenues - Represents fees earned on hotels managed worldwide, usually under long-term contracts, franchise fees received in connection with the franchise of our Sheraton, Westin, Four Points by Sheraton, Le Méridien, St. Regis, W, Aloft, Element, and Luxury Collection brand names, termination fees and the amortization of deferred gains related to sold properties for which we have significant continuing involvement, offset by payments by us under performance and other guarantees. Management fees are comprised of a base fee, which is generally based on a percentage of gross revenues, and an incentive fee, which is generally based on the property's profitability. For any time during the year, when the provisions of our management contracts allow receipt of incentive fees upon termination, incentive fees are recognized for the fees due and earned as if the contract was terminated at that date, exclusive of any termination fees due or payable. Therefore, during periods prior to year-end, the incentive fees recorded may not be indicative of the eventual incentive fees that will be recognized at year-end as conditions and incentive hurdle calculations may not be final. Franchise fees are generally based on a percentage of hotel room revenues. As with hotel revenues discussed above, these revenue sources are affected by conditions impacting the travel and hospitality industry as well as competition from other hotel management and franchise companies.
• Vacation Ownership and Residential - We recognize revenue from Vacation Ownership Interests ("VOIs") sales and financings and the sales of residential units which are typically a component of mixed use projects that include a hotel. Such revenues are impacted by the state of the global economies and, in particular, the U.S. economy, as well as interest rate and other economic conditions affecting the lending market. Revenue is generally recognized upon the buyer's demonstration of a sufficient level of initial and continuing involvement. We determine the portion of revenues to recognize for sales accounted for under the percentage of completion method based on judgments and estimates including total project costs to complete. Additionally, we record reserves against these revenues based on expected default levels. Changes in costs could lead to adjustments to the percentage of completion status of a project, which may result in differences in the timing and amount of revenues recognized from the projects. We have also entered into licensing agreements with third-party developers to offer consumers branded condominiums or residences. Our fees from these agreements are generally based on the gross sales revenue of units sold.
• Revenues From Managed and Franchised Properties - These revenues represent reimbursements of costs incurred on behalf of managed hotel properties and franchisees. These costs relate primarily to payroll costs at managed properties where we are the employer. Since the reimbursements are made based upon the costs incurred with no added margin, these revenues and corresponding expenses have no effect on our operating income or our net income.
Frequent Guest Program. Starwood Preferred Guest ("SPG") is our frequent guest incentive marketing program. SPG members earn points based on spending at our properties, as incentives to first time buyers of VOIs and residences and through participation in affiliated programs. Points can be redeemed at substantially all of our owned, leased, managed and franchised properties as well as through other redemption opportunities with third parties, such as conversion to airline miles. Properties are charged based on hotel guests' qualifying expenditures. Revenue is recognized by participating hotels and resorts when points are redeemed for hotel stays.
We, through the services of third-party actuarial analysts, determine the fair value of the future redemption obligation based on statistical formulas which project the timing of future point redemption based on historical experience, including an estimate of the "breakage" for points that will never be redeemed, and an estimate of the points that will eventually be redeemed as well as the cost of reimbursing hotels and other third parties in respect of other redemption opportunities for point redemptions. Actual expenditures for SPG may differ from the actuarially determined liability. The total actuarially determined liability as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 is $638 million and $536 million, respectively. A 10% reduction in the "breakage" of points would result in an estimated increase of $83 million to the liability at September 30, 2008.
Long-Lived Assets. We evaluate the carrying value of our long-lived assets for impairment by comparing the expected undiscounted future cash flows of the assets to the net book value of the assets if certain trigger events
occur. If the expected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the net book value of the assets, the excess of the net book value over the estimated fair value is charged to current earnings. Fair value is based upon discounted cash flows of the assets at a rate deemed reasonable for the type of asset and prevailing market conditions, appraisals and, if appropriate, current estimated net sales proceeds from pending offers. We evaluate the carrying value of our long-lived assets based on our plans, at the time, for such assets and such qualitative factors as future development in the surrounding area, status of expected local competition and projected incremental income from renovations. Changes to our plans, including a decision to dispose of or change the intended use of an asset, can have a material impact on the carrying value of the asset.
Assets Held for Sale. We consider properties to be assets held for sale when management approves and commits to a formal plan to actively market a property or group of properties for sale and a signed sales contract and significant non-refundable deposit or contract break-up fee exist. Upon designation as an asset held for sale, we record the carrying value of each property or group of properties at the lower of its carrying value which includes allocable segment goodwill or its estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell, and we stop recording depreciation expense. Any gain realized in connection with the sale of properties for which we have significant continuing involvement (such as through a long-term management agreement) is deferred and recognized over the initial term of the related agreement. The operations of the properties held for sale prior to the sale date are recorded in discontinued operations unless we will have continuing involvement (such as through a management or franchise agreement) after the sale.
Legal Contingencies. We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims, the outcomes of which are subject to significant uncertainty. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 5, "Accounting for Contingencies," requires that an estimated loss from a loss contingency should be accrued by a charge to income if it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate, among other factors, the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. Changes in these factors could materially impact our financial position or our results of operations.
Income Taxes. We provide for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes" ("SFAS No. 109"). The objectives of accounting for income taxes are to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in an entity's financial statements or tax returns. As discussed in Note 16, on January 1, 2007, we adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48 "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes" ("FIN No. 48"), an interpretation of SFAS No. 109, which prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute to determine the amount of tax benefit that should be recognized in the financial statements for a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN No. 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, interim period accounting and disclosure requirements of uncertain tax positions. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns.
The following discussion presents an analysis of results of our operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007.
Historically, we have derived the majority of our revenues and operating income from our owned, leased and consolidated joint venture hotels and a significant portion of these results are driven by these hotels in North America. However, since early 2006, we have sold a significant number of hotels and, in 2007 and 2008, we sold or closed 13 wholly-owned hotels, further reducing our revenues and operating income from owned, leased and consolidated joint venture hotels. The majority of these hotels were sold subject to long-term management or franchise contracts. Total revenues generated from our owned, leased and consolidated joint venture hotels worldwide for the three and nine months ending September 30, 2008 were $575 million and $1.755 billion, respectively, compared to $605 million and $1.798 billion, respectively, for the same periods of 2007 (total revenues from our owned, leased and consolidated joint venture hotels in North America were $350 million and $1.100 billion for the three and nine months ending September 30, 2008, compared to $381 million and $1.180 billion for same periods in 2007). The following represents
our top five markets in the United States by metropolitan area as a percentage of our total owned, leased and consolidated joint venture revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 (with comparable data for 2007):
Top Five Metropolitan Areas in the United States as a% of Total Owned Revenues for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 with Comparable Data for the Same Period in 2007(1)
Metropolitan Area 2008 Revenues 2007 Revenues
New York, NY 12.6 % 12.2 %
San Francisco, CA 5.8 % 5.2 %
Chicago, IL 4.4 % 4.4 %
Maui, HI 4.4 % 4.9 %
Boston, MA 4.2 % 3.8 %
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Top Five Metropolitan Areas in the United States as a% of Total Owned Revenues for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 with Comparable Data for the Same Period in 2007(1)
Metropolitan Area 2008 Revenues 2007 Revenues
New York, NY 12.7 % 12.1 %
Phoenix, AZ 5.7 % 5.7 %
San Francisco, CA 5.6 % 5.1 %
Maui, HI 4.5 % 4.6 %
Chicago, IL 3.9 % 3.7 %
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(1) Includes the revenues of hotels sold for the period prior to their sale.
The following represents our top five international markets as a percentage of our total owned, leased and consolidated joint venture revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 with comparable data for 2007:
Top Five International Markets as a% of Total Owned Revenues for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 with Comparable Data for the Same Period in 2007(1)
International Market 2008 Revenues 2007 Revenues
Italy 10.5 % 10.7 %
Canada 8.9 % 8.1 %
Australia 5.0 % 4.3 %
Mexico 4.4 % 4.1 %
United Kingdom 3.8 % 3.8 %
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Top Five International Markets as a% of Total Owned Revenues for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 with Comparable Data for the Same Period in 2007(1)
International Market 2008 Revenues 2007 Revenues
Canada 9.0 % 7.7 %
Italy 8.9 % 8.9 %
Mexico 5.3 % 5.2 %
Australia 4.9 % 4.1 %
United Kingdom 3.4 % 3.4 %
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(1) Includes the revenues of hotels sold for the period prior to their sale.
An indicator of the performance of our owned, leased and consolidated joint venture hotels is REVPAR, as it measures the period-over-period growth in rooms revenue for comparable properties. This is particularly the case in the United States where there is no impact on this measure from foreign exchange rates.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2007
Continuing Operations
Revenues. Total revenues, including other revenues from managed and franchised properties, were $1.535 billion in the three months ended September 30, 2008, a decrease of $5 million when compared to the corresponding period in 2007. Revenues from our owned, leased and consolidated joint venture hotels decreased to $575 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to $605 million in the corresponding period of 2007. Management fees, franchise fees and other income increased to $218 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to $213 million in the corresponding period of 2007 while vacation ownership and residential revenues decreased 11.0% to $226 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to $254 million in the corresponding period of 2007. Other revenues from managed and franchised properties increased $48 million to $516 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to $468 million in the corresponding period of 2007.
Revenues from owned, leased and consolidated joint venture hotels were impacted by lost revenues from nine wholly-owned hotels sold or closed since the beginning of the third quarter of 2007. These hotels had revenues of $29 million in the three months ended September 30, 2007. Revenues at our Same-Store Owned Hotels (66 hotels for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, excluding 13 hotels sold or closed and nine hotels undergoing significant repositionings or without comparable results in 2008 and 2007) decreased 0.6%, or $3 million, to $525 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to $528 million in the same period of 2007 due primarily to a decrease in REVPAR. REVPAR at our Same-Store Owned Hotels decreased 0.2% to $169.54 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to the corresponding 2007 period. The decrease in REVPAR at these Same-Store Owned Hotels was due to a decrease in occupancy rates to 73.6% in the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to 75.1% in the same period in 2007, offset by a 1.7% increase in the average daily rate ("ADR") to $230.29 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 compared to $226.43 for the corresponding 2007 period. REVPAR at Same-Store Owned Hotels in North America decreased 1.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to the same period of 2007 as these hotels were impacted by the financial crisis and economic turmoil in the United States and globally. REVPAR growth was, however, strong at our owned hotels in Aspen, Colorado, Los Angeles, California and San Francisco, California. REVPAR at our international Same-Store Owned Hotels increased by 1.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to the corresponding period of 2007. REVPAR for Same-Store Owned Hotels internationally, which were also impacted by the global financial crisis, decreased 6.9% using constant dollars.
The increase in management fees, franchise fees and other income of $5 million was primarily a result of a $3 million increase in management and franchise revenue to $184 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 due to a slight increase in REVPAR growth at existing hotels under management and the addition of new managed and franchised hotels. During the third quarter of 2008, 35 new hotels and resorts entered the system partially offset by seven properties removed from the system. Other income increased $2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to the corresponding period of 2007 primarily due to favorable results in our insurance programs.
The decrease in vacation ownership and residential sales and services revenue of $28 million was partially due to the timing of revenue recognition from ongoing projects under construction which are being accounted for under percentage of completion accounting. Originated contract sales of VOI inventory, which represents vacation ownership revenues before adjustments for percentage of completion accounting and rescission, decreased 29.5% in the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to the same period in 2007, primarily due to the sellout of our Westin Ka'anapali Ocean Resort North in Maui and an overall decline in demand. The average price per vacation ownership unit sold decreased 25.4% to approximately $19,000, driven by a higher sales mix of lower
priced inventory, including a higher percentage of biennial inventory in Hawaii. The number of contracts signed decreased 6.1% when compared to 2007. The decline in the vacation ownership business was partially offset by strong results in our residential branding business. Residential revenues increased $41 million to $43 million in the three months ended September 30, 2008, when compared to $2 million in the corresponding period in 2007. Residential fees in the 2008 period include license fees in connection with the St. Regis Singapore Residences, which opened in the third quarter of 2008. Residential fees in the third quarter of 2008 also include a non-refundable license fee received in connection with a St. Regis project currently under development.
Other revenues and expenses from managed and franchised properties increased to $516 million from $468 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, primarily due to an increase in the number of our managed and franchised hotels. These revenues represent reimbursements of costs incurred on behalf of managed hotel properties and franchisees and relate primarily to payroll costs at managed properties where we are the employer. Since the reimbursements were made based upon the costs incurred with no added margin, these revenues and corresponding expenses had no effect on our operating income and our net income.
Selling, General, Administrative and Other. Selling, general, administrative and other expenses, which includes costs and expenses from our Bliss spas and from the sale of Bliss products, was $113 million in the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to $115 million in the corresponding period in 2007. The decrease was primarily due to our continued focus on reducing our cost structure.
In the third quarter, we completed the first phase of our overhead cost reduction program, making significant reductions across several corporate departments. We anticipate completing the review of the other functional areas, and implementing reductions in those areas by the end of the first quarter of 2009.
Restructuring and Other Special Charges (Credits), Net. During the third quarter of 2008, we recorded a $22 million charge in connection with our ongoing initiative of rationalizing our cost structure in light of the decline in growth in our business units. The charge primarily related to costs associated with the closure of a vacation ownership call center and two sales centers as well as severance costs associated with the reduction in force at our corporate offices.
During the three months ended September 30, 2007, we recorded a charge of $1 million primarily related to a charge for property, plant and equipment and inventory that was not salvageable at Bal Harbour.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation expense increased $1 million to $73 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to $72 million in the corresponding period of 2007. Amortization expense increased to $10 million in the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to $7 million in the corresponding period of 2007. The increase was primarily due to the amortization of our investments in new management agreements.
Operating Income. Operating income decreased 15.0% or $37 million to $209 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to $246 million in the corresponding period in 2007, primarily due to the restructuring charge of $22 million in 2008, and a decrease in owned, leased and consolidated joint venture hotels revenue discussed earlier.
Equity Earnings and Gains and Losses from Unconsolidated Ventures, Net. Equity earnings and gains and losses from unconsolidated joint ventures decreased to $3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to $8 million in the same period of 2007. The decrease is primarily due to a charge related to a change in the tax law during the three months ended September 30, 2008 that impacts a foreign joint venture in which we hold a minority interest and the recognition of business interruption insurance revenue by a joint venture in 2007.
Net Interest Expense. Net interest expense increased to $48 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to $40 million in the same period of 2007, primarily due to increased borrowings to fund our share repurchase program. Our weighted average interest rate was 5.73% at September 30, 2008 compared to 6.83% at September 30, 2007.
Gain (Loss) on Asset Dispositions and Impairments, Net. During the three months ended September 30, 2008, we recorded losses of $16 million primarily related to the impairment of two separate investments in which
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