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EL > SEC Filings for EL > Form 10-K on 21-Aug-2008All Recent SEC Filings

Show all filings for ESTEE LAUDER COMPANIES INC | Request a Trial to NEW EDGAR Online Pro

Form 10-K for ESTEE LAUDER COMPANIES INC


21-Aug-2008

Annual Report


Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition at June 30, 2008 and our results of operations for the three fiscal years ended June 30, 2008 are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported in those financial statements. These judgments can be subjective and complex, and consequently actual results could differ from those estimates. Our most critical accounting policies relate to revenue recognition, concentration of credit risk, inventory, pension and other post-retirement benefit costs, goodwill and other intangible assets, income taxes and derivatives.

Management of the Company has discussed the selection of significant accounting policies and the effect of estimates with the Audit Committee of the Company's Board of Directors.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues from merchandise sales are recognized upon transfer of ownership, including passage of title to the customer and transfer of the risk of loss related to those goods. In the Americas region, sales are generally recognized at the time the product is shipped to the customer and in the Europe, Middle East & Africa and Asia/Pacific regions sales are generally recognized based upon the customer's receipt. In certain circumstances, transfer of title takes place at the point of sale, for example, at our retail stores. Sales at our retail stores and online are recognized in accordance with a traditional 4-4-5 retail calendar, where each fiscal quarter is comprised of two 4-week periods and one 5-week period, with one extra week in one quarter every seven years. As a result, the retail quarter-end and the fiscal quarter-end may be different by up to six days.

Revenues are reported on a net sales basis, which is computed by deducting from gross sales the amount of actual product returns received, discounts, incentive arrangements with retailers and an amount established for anticipated product returns. Our practice is to accept product returns from retailers only if properly requested, authorized and approved. In accepting returns, we typically provide a credit to the retailer against accounts receivable from that retailer. As a percentage of gross sales, returns were 4.4%, 4.2% and 5.0% in fiscal 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Our sales return accrual is a subjective critical estimate that has a direct impact on reported net sales. This accrual is calculated based on a history of actual returns, estimated future returns and information provided by authorized retailers regarding their inventory levels. Consideration of these factors results in an accrual for anticipated sales returns that reflects increases or decreases related to seasonal fluctuations. Experience has shown a relationship between retailer inventory levels and sales returns in the subsequent period, as well as a consistent pattern of returns due to the seasonal nature of our business. In addition, as necessary, specific accruals may be established for significant future known or anticipated events. The types of known or anticipated events that we have considered, and will continue to consider, include, but are not limited to, the financial condition of our customers, store closings by retailers, changes in the retail environment and our decision to continue or support new and existing products.

Concentration of Credit Risk

An entity is vulnerable to concentration of credit risk if it is exposed to risks of loss greater than it would have if it mitigated its risks through diversification of customers. The significance of such credit risk depends on the extent and nature of the concentration.

During fiscal 2006, Federated Department Stores, Inc. acquired The May Department Stores Company, resulting in the merger of our previous two largest customers (collectively "Macy's, Inc."). This customer sells products primarily within North America and accounted for $951.4 million, or 12%, $958.8 million, or 14%, and $1,005.8 million, or 16%, of our consolidated net sales in fiscal 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. This customer accounted for $109.2 million, or 11%, and $105.3 million, or 12%, of our accounts receivable at June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Although management believes that this customer and our other major customers are sound and creditworthy, a severe adverse impact on their business operations could have a corresponding material adverse effect on our net sales, cash flows and/or financial condition.

In the ordinary course of business, we have established an allowance for doubtful accounts and customer deductions in the amount of $26.3 million and $23.3 million as of June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Our allowance for doubtful accounts is a subjective critical estimate that has a direct impact on reported net earnings. The allowance for doubtful accounts was reduced by $10.2 million, $18.2 million and $12.0 million for customer deductions and write-offs in fiscal 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and increased by $13.2 million, $14.4 million and $10.2 million for additional provisions in fiscal 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. This reserve is based upon the evaluation of accounts receivable aging, specific exposures and historical trends.

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Inventory

We state our inventory at the lower of cost or fair market value, with cost being determined on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. We believe FIFO most closely matches the flow of our products from manufacture through sale. The reported net value of our inventory includes saleable products, promotional products, raw materials and componentry and work in process that will be sold or used in future periods. Inventory cost includes raw materials, direct labor and overhead.

We also record an inventory obsolescence reserve, which represents the difference between the cost of the inventory and its estimated realizable value, based on various product sales projections. This reserve is calculated using an estimated obsolescence percentage applied to the inventory based on age, historical trends and requirements to support forecasted sales. In addition, and as necessary, we may establish specific reserves for future known or anticipated events.

Pension and Other Post-retirement Benefit Costs

We offer the following benefits to some or all of our employees: a domestic trust-based noncontributory qualified defined benefit pension plan ("U.S. Qualified Plan") and an unfunded, non-qualified domestic noncontributory pension plan to provide benefits in excess of statutory limitations (collectively with the U.S. Qualified Plan, the "Domestic Plans"); a domestic contributory defined contribution plan; international pension plans, which vary by country, consisting of both defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans; deferred compensation arrangements; and certain other post-retirement benefit plans.

The amounts needed to fund future payouts under these plans are subject to numerous assumptions and variables. Certain significant variables require us to make assumptions that are within our control such as an anticipated discount rate, expected rate of return on plan assets and future compensation levels. We evaluate these assumptions with our actuarial advisors and we believe they are within accepted industry ranges, although an increase or decrease in the assumptions or economic events outside our control could have a direct impact on reported net earnings.

The pre-retirement discount rate for each plan used for determining future net periodic benefit cost is based on a review of highly rated long-term bonds. For fiscal 2008, we used a pre-retirement discount rate for our Domestic Plans of 6.25% and varying rates on our international plans of between 2.25% and 8.25%. The pre-retirement rate for our Domestic Plans is based on a bond portfolio that includes only long-term bonds with an Aa rating, or equivalent, from a major rating agency. We believe the timing and amount of cash flows related to the bonds included in this portfolio is expected to match the estimated defined benefit payment streams of our Domestic Plans. For fiscal 2008, we used an expected return on plan assets of 7.75% for our U.S. Qualified Plan and varying rates of between 3.00% and 8.25% for our international plans. In determining the long-term rate of return for a plan, we consider the historical rates of return, the nature of the plan's investments and an expectation for the plan's investment strategies. The U.S. Qualified Plan asset allocation as of June 30, 2008 was approximately 40% equity investments, 42% debt securities and 18% other investments. The asset allocation of our combined international plans as of June 30, 2008 was approximately 45% equity investments, 38% debt securities and 17% other investments. The difference between actual and expected return on plan assets is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Those gains/losses that are subject to amortization over future periods will be recognized as a component of the net periodic benefit cost in such future periods. For fiscal 2008, our pension plans had actual negative return on assets of $19.3 million as compared with expected return on assets of $47.0 million, which resulted in a net deferred loss of $66.3 million, of which approximately $34 million is subject to amortization over periods ranging from approximately 8 to 16 years. The actual negative return on assets was primarily related to the performance of equity markets during the past fiscal year.

A 25 basis-point change in the discount rate or the expected rate of return on plan assets would have had the following effect on fiscal 2008 pension expense:

                             25 Basis-Point      25 Basis-Point
(In millions)                   Increase            Decrease

Discount rate               $           (2.0  ) $            2.5
Expected return on assets   $           (1.7  ) $            1.7

Our post-retirement plans are comprised of health care plans that could be impacted by health care cost trend rates, which may have a significant effect on the amounts reported. A one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates for fiscal 2008 would have had the following effects:

                                                      One-Percentage-Point     One-Percentage-Point
(In millions)                                               Increase                 Decrease

Effect on total service and interest costs            $                 1.2    $                (1.1  )
Effect on post-retirement benefit obligations         $                10.9    $                (9.8  )

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For fiscal 2009, we are using a pre-retirement discount rate for the Domestic Plans of 6.75% and varying rates for our international plans of between 2.00% and 9.00%. We are using an expected return on plan assets of 7.75% for the U.S. Qualified Plan and varying rates for our international pension plans of between 3.25% and 9.00%. The net change in these assumptions from those used in fiscal 2008 will result in a decrease in pension expense of approximately $3.6 million in fiscal 2009. We will continue to monitor the market conditions relative to these assumptions and adjust them accordingly.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the cost of purchased businesses over the fair value of their underlying net assets. Other intangible assets principally consist of purchased royalty rights and trademarks. Goodwill and other intangible assets that have an indefinite life are not amortized.

On an annual basis, or more frequently if certain events or circumstances warrant, we test goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment. To determine the fair value of these intangible assets, there are many assumptions and estimates used that directly impact the results of the testing. We have the ability to influence the outcome and ultimate results based on the assumptions and estimates we choose. To mitigate undue influence, we use industry accepted valuation models and set criteria that are reviewed and approved by various levels of management and, in certain instances, we engage third-party valuation specialists to advise us.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes," as amended. This statement establishes financial accounting and reporting standards for the effects of income taxes that result from an enterprise's activities during the current and preceding years. It requires an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes.

As of June 30, 2008, we have current net deferred tax assets of $184.6 million and non-current net deferred tax assets of $55.3 million. The net deferred tax assets assume sufficient future earnings for their realization, as well as the continued application of currently anticipated tax rates. Included in net deferred tax assets is a valuation allowance of $5.7 million for deferred tax assets, where management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized in the relevant jurisdiction. Based on our assessments, no additional valuation allowance is required. If we determine that a deferred tax asset will not be realizable, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset will result in a reduction of earnings at that time.

In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued FASB Interpretation No. ("FIN") 48, "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109" ("FIN 48"). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109. FIN 48 prescribes a two-step evaluation process for tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, in a tax return. The first step is recognition and the second is measurement. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, disclosures, transition and accounting for interim periods. In May 2007, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position ("FSP") No. FIN 48-1, "Definition of Settlement in FASB Interpretation No. 48, an amendment of FASB Interpretation (FIN) No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes" ("FSP No. FIN 48-1"). FSP No. FIN 48-1 provides guidance on how to determine whether a tax position is effectively settled for the purpose of recognizing previously unrecognized tax benefits.

We adopted the provisions of FIN 48, as amended, effective July 1, 2007. As a result, we recognized an increase in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and interest of $13.1 million (net of tax effect), which, as required, was accounted for as a reduction to the July 1, 2007 balance of retained earnings. We elected to continue our historical practice of classifying applicable interest and penalties as a component of the provision for income taxes.

We provide tax reserves for Federal, state, local and international exposures relating to periods subject to audit. The development of reserves for these exposures requires judgments about tax issues, potential outcomes and timing, and is a subjective critical estimate. We assess our tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management's evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting dates. For those tax positions where it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we have recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a tax authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those tax positions where it is not more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. Where applicable, associated interest and penalties have also been recognized. Although the outcome relating to these exposures is uncertain, in management's opinion adequate provisions for income taxes have been made for estimable potential liabilities emanating from these exposures. In certain circumstances, the ultimate outcome of exposures and risks involves significant uncertainties which render them inestimable. If actual outcomes differ materially from these estimates, including those that cannot be quantified, they could have a material impact on our results of operations, as we experienced in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006 (see "Results of Operations, Fiscal 2007 as Compared with Fiscal 2006 - Provision for Income Taxes").

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Derivatives

We account for derivative financial instruments in accordance with SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," as amended, which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. This statement also requires the recognition of all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and that they be measured at fair value.

We currently use derivative financial instruments to hedge certain anticipated transactions and interest rates, as well as receivables and payables denominated in foreign currencies. We do not utilize derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. Hedge effectiveness is documented, assessed and monitored by employees who are qualified to make such assessments and monitor the instruments. Variables that are external to us such as social, political and economic risks may have an impact on our hedging program and the results thereof. For a discussion on the quantitative impact of market risks related to our derivative financial instruments, refer to "Liquidity and Capital Resources
- Market Risk."

Quantitative Analysis

During the three-year period ended June 30, 2008 there have not been material changes in the assumptions underlying these critical accounting policies, nor to the related significant estimates. With the exception of our tax settlement with the Internal Revenue Service in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006, which finalized the ultimate liability for exposures which were previously inestimable, the results of our business underlying these assumptions have not differed significantly from our expectations.

While we believe that the estimates that we have made are proper and the related results of operations for the period are presented fairly in all material respects, other assumptions could reasonably be justified that would change the amount of reported net sales, cost of sales, operating expenses or our provision for income taxes as they relate to the provisions for anticipated sales returns, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory obsolescence reserve and income taxes. For fiscal 2008, had these estimates been changed simultaneously by 2.5% in either direction, our reported gross profit would have increased or decreased by approximately $5.2 million, operating expenses would have changed by approximately $0.7 million and the provision for income taxes would have increased or decreased by approximately $1.7 million. The collective impact of these changes on operating income, net earnings and net earnings per diluted common share would be an increase or decrease of approximately $5.9 million, $7.6 million and $.04, respectively.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

We manufacture, market and sell skin care, makeup, fragrance and hair care products which are distributed in over 140 countries and territories. We believe that the best way to increase stockholder value is to provide our customers and consumers with the products and services that they have come to expect from us in the most efficient and profitable manner. With this goal in mind, we have developed a long-term strategy based on the following five imperatives:

1. Optimize brand portfolio

2. Strengthen product categories

3. Strengthen and expand geographic presence

4. Diversify and strengthen distribution channels

5. Achieve operational and cost excellence

In fiscal 2008, we continued to find ways to strengthen our core brands and product categories, maximize high-growth brands, and incubate and develop next generation brands. Net sales from Estée Lauder and Clinique grew on a global basis, fueled by strong demand outside of the United States where these brands generated approximately two-thirds of their net sales. We took measures to improve our business at the point of sale by investing in new modular display and tester units for the Estée Lauder brand at all North American department store locations and increased our focus to improve the service provided by Estée Lauder Beauty Advisors. Our Clinique brand sponsored a program to improve the consumer experience at U.S. and international department stores. Our faster growing M†A†C, Bobbi Brown, La Mer and Jo Malone brands continued to increase their net sales in all of our geographic regions. The recent launch of Sean John Unforgivable Woman generated significant incremental net sales to our fragrance product category.

In July 2007, we acquired Ojon Corporation, a privately held hair care and skin care company based in Canada that sells its products primarily through direct response television ("DRTV") and specialty stores. We also recently announced that we purchased a minority interest in a privately held company that manufactures, markets and sells beauty products in India under the Forest Essentials brand.

This past year we continued to build on our strength in research and development. For example, we further improved the Estée Lauder Re-Nutriv product line with the introduction of Re-Nutriv Ultimate Youth Crème. Clinique launched a "dermatologist-certified" line called Redness Solutions to reduce the appearance of skin redness. Origins recently launched Origins Organics, the first full line of skin, body and hair care products to be certified under the USDA National Organic Program.

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Again in fiscal 2008, the majority of our net sales came from outside the United States. We generated growth in sales and profits in our travel retail business, including accelerated growth from downtown locations in Asian cities, border stores in Latin America and shops on cruise ships. We continued to increase our presence in China and Russia and recently established affiliates in the Middle East and India. In an effort to improve the return on our media investment abroad, we consolidated the work of several media agencies into one by selecting M2M, a media company of Omnicom Media Group, to be our media agency in eight European and four Asian/Pacific countries. By doing so, we anticipate integrating traditional media and expanding the use of Internet and digital advertising in these areas.

In alternative distribution channels, we continued to grow our online business in the United States, where we sell products from 15 of our brands on Company-owned websites. With the recent expansion of our online business into Korea, we now sell products on our own e-commerce sites in five foreign countries. In fiscal 2008, we also expanded our presence in the DRTV distribution channel, most significantly with the acquisition of Ojon in July 2007. In the United States, Clinique debuted on QVC, where Bobbi Brown, Origins and Ojon currently have regular shows. BeautyBank created Eyes by Design, a brand which is currently being sold exclusively on HSN. Internationally, Ojon debuted on QVC in Germany while Bobbi Brown and Prescriptives aired on QVC in the United Kingdom. Origins and Good SkinTM have also had shows on DRTV in Korea.

As part of our international pharmacy channel business initiative, several distributor markets for Darphin products will now be serviced by our own affiliates and Origins opened more than 20 new pharmacies in France. Tri-Aktiline by Good SkinTMlaunched in over 500 Sephora doors throughout Europe and exclusively in Cosmed's 250 pharmacies in Taiwan, our first entry in Taiwan's pharmacy channel. In January 2008, we formed a strategic collaboration with Allergan, Inc., a global medical aesthetics company, to develop a Clinique-branded skin care line, Clinique Medical, to be sold exclusively through physicians' offices in the United States.

We continued to make progress on our Strategic Modernization Initiative ("SMI"). During fiscal 2008, Demand Planning for select business units began using SAP software, a critical part of SMI. We anticipate SMI implementation will continue at additional primary locations in fiscal 2009, with the majority of our business to be implemented through fiscal 2012.

Despite the rise in energy and raw material prices in the current year, we were able to maintain our overall cost of sales margin through other efficiencies achieved from our ongoing savings initiatives. We also opened a new distribution center in Singapore to improve service levels in the fast-growing Asia/Pacific region. In December 2007, we entered into agreements to ensure that the equivalent of all electricity utilized by our Global Operations division is generated from green sources. We now rank 22nd on the EPA's list of leading Fortune 500 companies in alternative power usage.

During fiscal 2008, we also faced challenges, many of which we expect to be ongoing in fiscal 2009. We believe that economic uncertainty in the United States has affected our business, particularly in the department store channel. We continue to see softness in the United States, including the impact of the consolidation and changes taking place among retailers. In addition, the fragrance category continues to be highly competitive. These challenges have been mitigated through sales in alternative channels, such as freestanding retail stores, internet distribution, self-select distribution and DRTV. Efforts to expand geographically are complicated by increasing regulatory issues and cultural barriers.

As we continue to implement our strategic imperatives, we expect to make selective investments, embark on new business endeavors, and pursue initiatives that we believe will have long-term benefits. The timing, impact and magnitude of any particular actions, such as an acquisition to strengthen our product categories and/or diversify our distribution channels, are subject to numerous factors and one-time charges that cannot be predicted.

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The following table is a comparative summary of operating results from continuing operations for fiscal 2008, 2007 and 2006 and reflects the basis of presentation described in Note 2 and Note 21 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for all periods presented. Products and services that do not meet our definition of skin care, makeup, fragrance and hair care have been included in the "other" category.

                                                          Year Ended June 30
                                                   2008          2007          2006
                                                            (In millions)
NET SALES
By Region:
The Americas                                    $  3,711.5    $  3,560.9    $  3,446.4
Europe, the Middle East & Africa                   3,006.7       2,493.4       2,147.7
Asia/Pacific                                       1,192.6         983.2         869.7
                                                $  7,910.8    $  7,037.5    $  6,463.8

. . .
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