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LSBI > SEC Filings for LSBI > Form 10-Q on 14-Aug-2008All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-Q for LSB FINANCIAL CORP


14-Aug-2008

Quarterly Report


Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Executive Summary

LSB Financial Corp. (the "Company" or "LSB Financial") is an Indiana corporation which was organized in 1994 by Lafayette Savings Bank, FSB ("Lafayette Savings") for the purpose of becoming a thrift institution holding company. Lafayette Savings is a federally chartered stock savings bank headquartered in Lafayette, Indiana. References in this Form 10-Q to "we," "us," and "our" refer to LSB Financial and/or Lafayette Savings as the context requires.

Lafayette Savings has been, and intends to continue to be, a community-oriented financial institution. Our principal business consists of attracting retail deposits from the general public and investing those funds primarily in permanent first mortgage loans secured by owner-occupied, one- to four-family residences and, to a lesser extent, non-owner occupied one- to four-family residential, commercial real estate, multi-family, construction and development, consumer and commercial business loans. Our revenues are derived principally from interest on mortgage and other loans and interest on securities.

We have an experienced and committed staff and enjoy a good reputation for serving the people of the community and understanding their financial needs and for finding a way to meet those needs. We contribute time and money to improve the quality of life in our market area and many of our employees volunteer for local non-profit agencies. We believe this sets us apart from the other 19 banks and credit unions that compete with us. We also believe that operating independently under the same name for over 138 years is a benefit to us-especially as acquisitions and consolidations of local financial institutions continue. Focusing time and resources on acquiring customers who may be feeling disenfranchised by their no-longer-local bank has proved to be a successful strategy.

Tippecanoe County and the eight surrounding counties comprise Lafayette Savings' primary market area. Lafayette is the county seat of Tippecanoe County and West Lafayette is the home of Purdue University. The greater Lafayette area enjoys diverse employment including major manufacturers such as Subaru, Caterpillar, Wabash National and Greater Lafayette Health Services; a strong education sector with Purdue University and a large local campus of Ivy Tech Community College; government offices of Lafayette, West Lafayette and Tippecanoe County;


and a growing high-tech presence with the Purdue Research Park. In the past, this diversity insulated us from economic downturns, but the slowdown of the last few years had a noticeable effect on the area. More recently we have seen signs of returning growth and development. According to the Lafayette-West Lafayette Development Corporation (LWLDC), at year end 2007, ten commercial projects totaling nearly $2 billion were either underway or just completed in the greater Lafayette area. In the first quarter of 2008 expansions were announced in manufacturing, life sciences and technology employment as well as healthcare with two new hospitals, a combined $402 million investment. The LWLDC also notes that five new hotels are in progress, and the retail/restaurant sector is welcoming newcomers. The unemployment rate in Tippecanoe County has generally ranged from 3.5% to 4.5% for the past two years, most recently measured at 4.2% in May 2008. There was a 4.9% spike in March due largely to the effect of inclement weather on the construction industry and to temporary layoffs at a manufacturing company in Lafayette.

The community has made good progress in working through the effects of the overbuilding of one- to four-family housing by local and out-of-town construction companies. Many of these houses were sold to marginally qualified borrowers, often financed by out-of-town lenders, to people who would otherwise have populated the rental market. Holders of rental properties were faced with increased vacancies at the same time the state imposed substantially higher property tax rates. The influx of these new houses on the market, along with increasing numbers of foreclosed properties, resulted in stagnant or declining property values and a large surplus of properties for sale. As a result, even well-established landlords and builders are choosing to leave or are being forced out of the market. However, information from the Lafayette Board of Realtors indicates that 1,690 properties were sold in Tippecanoe County from January 1, 2007 through January 1, 2008 with an average market time of 82 days compared to 1,838 sales for the same time period one year earlier with a market time of 80 days. Average selling prices increased to $152,000 from $147,000 for the two time periods. Our loan portfolio showed an $8.8 million, or 2.0%, increase in the first six months of 2008.

While the local economy continues to improve, we continue to work with borrowers who have fallen substantially behind on their loans. The majority of our delinquent loans are secured by real estate and we believe we have sufficient reserves to cover probable losses. The challenge is to get delinquent borrowers back on a workable payment schedule or to get control of their properties through an overburdened court system. In June 2008, delinquent loans were at a 42-month low.

Our primary source of income is net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on our loan and investment portfolios and the interest expense incurred on deposits and borrowings. Our net interest income depends on the balance of our loan and investment portfolios and the size of our net interest margin, which is the difference between the income generated from loans and the cost of the funding. Our net interest income also depends on the shape of the yield curve. In 2007, the curve gradually returned to a more normal slight upward slope. Because deposits are generally tied to shorter-term market rates, and loans are generally tied to longer-term rates, the shrinking spread between the two has made it more difficult to maintain desired operating income levels. Our expectation for 2008 is that short-term rates, which saw a 2.00% decrease in the first quarter, will drift slightly lower while long-term rates will gradually increase through most of the year maintaining a more traditional upward sloping yield curve throughout most of the year.


Rate changes could be expected to have an impact on interest income. Rising rates generally increase borrower preference for variable-rate products which we typically keep in our portfolio, and existing adjustable rate loans can be expected to reprice to higher rates, both of which could be expected to have a favorable impact on interest income. Alternatively, continuing low interest rates could have a negative impact on our interest income as new loans are put on the books at comparatively low rates and our existing adjustable rate loans reprice to lower rates. Even if rates do fall, because so many borrowers refinanced their mortgages in the last few years, we do not expect to see a return to a high volume of refinancing. However, low rates may be expected to encourage borrowers to initiate additional real estate related purchases.

We consider expected changes in interest rates when structuring our interest-earning assets and our interest-bearing liabilities. If rates are expected to increase we try to book shorter-term assets that will reprice relatively quickly to higher rates over time, and book longer-term liabilities that will remain for a longer time at lower rates. Conversely, if rates are expected to fall, we intend to structure our balance sheet such that loans will reprice more slowly to lower rates and deposits will reprice more quickly. We currently offer a three-year and a five-year certificate of deposit that allows depositors one opportunity to have their rate adjusted to the market rate at a future date to encourage them to choose longer-term deposit products. However, since we are not able to predict market interest rate fluctuations, our asset/liability management strategy may not prevent interest rate changes from having an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our results of operations may also be affected by general and local competitive conditions, particularly those with respect to changes in market interest rates, government policies and actions of regulatory authorities.

Critical Accounting Policies

Generally accepted accounting principles are complex and require management to apply significant judgments to various accounting, reporting and disclosure matters. Management of LSB Financial must use assumptions and estimates to apply these principles where actual measurement is not possible or practical. For a complete discussion of LSB Financial's significant accounting policies, see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 2008. Certain policies are considered critical because they are highly dependent upon subjective or complex judgments, assumptions and estimates. Changes in such estimates may have a significant impact on the financial statements. Management has reviewed the application of these policies with the Audit Committee of LSB Financial's Board of Directors. These policies include the following:

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses represents management's estimate of probable losses inherent in Lafayette Savings' loan portfolios. In determining the appropriate amount of the allowance for loan losses, management makes numerous assumptions, estimates and assessments.


The strategy also emphasizes diversification on an industry and customer level, regular credit quality reviews and quarterly management reviews of large credit exposures and loans experiencing deterioration of credit quality.

Lafayette Savings' allowance consists of three components: probable losses estimated from individual reviews of specific loans, probable losses estimated from historical loss rates, and probable losses resulting from economic or other deterioration above and beyond what is reflected in the first two components of the allowance.

Larger commercial loans that exhibit probable or observed credit weaknesses are subject to individual review. Where appropriate, reserves are allocated to individual loans based on management's estimate of the borrower's ability to repay the loan given the availability of collateral, other sources of cash flow and legal options available to Lafayette Savings. Included in the review of individual loans are those that are impaired as provided in SFAS No. 114, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan. Any allowances for impaired loans are determined by the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or fair value of the underlying collateral. Historical loss rates are applied to other commercial loans not subject to specific reserve allocations.

Homogenous smaller balance loans, such as consumer installment and residential mortgage loans are not individually risk graded. Reserves are established for each pool of loans based on the expected net charge-offs for one year. Loss rates are based on the average net charge-off history by loan category.

Historical loss rates for commercial and consumer loans may be adjusted for significant factors that, in management's judgment, reflect the impact of any current conditions on loss recognition. Factors which management considers in the analysis include the effects of the national and local economies, trends in the nature and volume of loans (delinquencies, charge-offs and nonaccrual loans), changes in mix, asset quality trends, risk management and loan administration, changes in the internal lending policies and credit standards, collection practices and examination results from bank regulatory agencies and Lafayette Savings' internal loan review.

Allowances on individual loans are reviewed quarterly and historical loss rates are reviewed annually and adjusted as necessary based on changing borrower and/or collateral conditions and actual collection and charge-off experience.

Lafayette Savings' primary market area for lending is Tippecanoe County, Indiana. When evaluating the adequacy of allowance, consideration is given to this regional geographic concentration and the closely associated effect of changing economic conditions on Lafayette Savings' customers.


Mortgage Servicing Rights

Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) associated with loans originated and sold, where servicing is retained, are capitalized and included in other intangible assets in the consolidated balance sheet. The value of the capitalized servicing rights represents the present value of the future servicing fees arising from the right to service loans in the portfolio. Critical accounting policies for MSRs relate to the initial valuation and subsequent impairment tests. The methodology used to determine the valuation of MSRs requires the development and use of a number of estimates, including anticipated principal amortization and prepayments of that principal balance. Events that may significantly affect the estimates used are changes in interest rates, mortgage loan prepayment speeds and the payment performance of the underlying loans. The carrying value of the MSRs is periodically reviewed for impairment based on a determination of fair value. For purposes of measuring impairment, the servicing rights are compared to a valuation prepared based on a discounted cash flow methodology, utilizing current prepayment speeds and discount rates. Impairment, if any, is recognized through a valuation allowance and is recorded as amortization of intangible assets.

Financial Condition

Comparison of Financial Condition at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007

Our total assets increased $10.0 million, or 2.92%, during the six months from December 31, 2007 to June 30, 2008. Primary components of this increase were an $8.8 million increase in net loans receivable and a $3.8 million increase in short term investments, offset by a $1.4 million decrease in other assets due partly to a $1.3 million decrease in other real estate owned. Management attributes the increase in loans primarily to the decision to take advantage of the Bank's minimal interest rate risk exposure to book rather than sell fixed rate residential mortgages in an effort to increase the loan portfolio as well as increased interest in non-residential property financing. Because of increased funding needs we raised $7.5 million of deposits including a $3.8 million increase in Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (NOW) accounts. Additionally we increased Federal Home Loan Bank advances by $2.0 million.

Non-performing assets, which include non-accruing loans, accruing loans 90 days past due and foreclosed assets, decreased from $13.9 million at December 31, 2007 to $10.8 million at June 30, 2008. Non-performing loans and accruing loans 90 days past due totaled $8.2 million at June 30, 2008 and consisted of $6.1 million, or 74.64%, of one- to four-family or multi-family residential real estate loans, $1.8 million, or 21.68%, of loans on land or commercial property, $271,000, or 3.31%, of commercial business loans and $30,000, or 0.37%, of consumer loans. Non-performing assets also include $2.6 million in foreclosed assets. At June 30, 2008, our allowance for loan losses equaled 1.14% of total loans compared to 1.25% at December 31, 2007. The allowance for loan losses at June 30, 2008 totaled 32.04% of non-performing assets compared to 26.56% at December 31, 2007, and 42.32% of non-performing loans at June 30, 2008 compared to 37.04% at December 31, 2007. Our non-performing assets equaled 3.08% of total assets at June 30, 2008 compared to 4.08% at December 31, 2007. Non-performing assets totaling $746,000 were charged off in the first six months of 2008, offset by recoveries of $14,000. These charge-offs were largely covered by existing reserves and there was no need for additional provisions to the allowance for the amounts charged off. Although we believe we use the best information available to determine the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses, future


adjustments to the allowance may be necessary, and net income could be significantly affected, if circumstances and/or economic conditions cause substantial changes in the estimates we use in making the determinations about the levels of the allowance for losses. Additionally, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our allowance for loan losses. These agencies may require the recognition of additions to the allowance based upon their judgments of information available at the time of their examination.

Shareholders' equity increased from $33.9 million at December 31, 2007 to $34.1 million at June 30, 2008, an increase of $121,000, or 0.36%, primarily as a result of net income of $1.0 million, partially offset by our payment of $779,000 of dividends on common stock, and the repurchase of 8,900 shares of our stock as part of a stock repurchase program. Shareholders' equity to total assets was 9.67% at June 30, 2008 compared to 9.92% at December 31, 2007.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Operating Results for the Six Months and the Quarter Ended June 30, 2008 and June 30, 2007

General. Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2008 was $1.0 million, a decrease of $193,000, or 15.69%, over the six months ended June 30, 2007. Net income for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 was $521,000, an increase of $70,000, or 15.52%, over the comparable quarter in 2007. The decrease for the six month period was primarily due to a $698,000 decrease in net interest income partially offset by a $240,000 decrease in the provision for loan losses, a $236,000 decrease in taxes on income, a $20,000 increase in non-interest income and a $9,000 decrease in non-interest expenses. The increase for the three month period was primarily due to a $240,000 decrease in the provision for losses, a $153,000 decrease in non-interest expenses and a $14,000 decrease in taxes on income partially offset by a $274,000 decrease in net interest income and a $63,000 decrease in non-interest income.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2008 decreased $698,000, or 11.95%, over the same period in 2007. This decrease was due to a 36 basis point decrease in our net interest margin (net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets) from 3.48% for the six months ended June 30, 2007 to 3.12% for the six months ended June 30, 2008 together with a $6.3 million decrease in average net interest-earning assets. The decrease in net interest margin is primarily due to the 35 basis point decrease in the average rate on interest-earning assets from 6.91% for the six months ended June 30, 2007 to 6.56% for the six months ended June 30, 2008. The average rate on interest-bearing liabilities changed only one basis point during this period from 3.59% to 3.60% for the same respective periods. Net interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2008 decreased $274,000, or 9.53%, over the same period in 2007 for similar reasons.

Interest income on loans decreased $715,000, or 6.47%, for the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the same six months in 2007. The average rate on loans fell from 7.19% to 6.83% partly due to the immediate decrease in rate for over $45 million of loans tied to prime as the Federal Reserve lowered rates a total of 300 basis points from September 2007 to March 2008. The average balance of loans decreased by $4.6 million due to a tightening of underwriting standards. Interest income on loans decreased $338,000 for the second quarter of 2008 compared to the second quarter of 2007 due to a decrease in the average yield on loans


from 7.25% for the second quarter of 2007 to 6.74% for the second quarter of 2008 partly offset by a $2.7 million increase in the average balance of loans from $303.1 million for the second quarter of 2007 to $305.9 million for the second quarter of 2008 as we begin to see signs of an improving local economy.

Interest earned on other investments and Federal Home Loan Bank stock decreased by $88,000, or 24.91%, for the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. This was the result of a 42 basis point decrease in the average yield on other investments and Federal Home Loan Bank stock and a $1.7 million decrease in average balances. The decrease in yield was primarily caused by the decrease in the return on short term investments due to the Federal Reserve rate cuts mentioned above. Interest income on other investments and Federal Home Loan Bank stock decreased $16,000 for the second quarter of 2008 compared to the second quarter of 2007 due to a slight decrease in the average yield on other investments and Federal Home Loan Bank stock from 3.57% for the second quarter of 2007 to 3.52% over the same period in 2008, as well as a $1.4 million decrease in average balances.

Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2008 decreased $105,000, or 1.82%, over the same period in 2007 due to a $243,000 decrease in interest on deposits partially offset by a $138,000 increase in interest expense on Federal Home Loan Bank advances. The lower deposit costs were due to a $13.4 million decrease in average deposits and a decrease in the average rate paid on deposits from 3.22% for the first six months of 2007 to 3.20% for the first six months of 2008. The increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advance expense was due to a $7.1 million increase in average balances partially offset by a decrease in the average rate paid on advances from 4.95% for the first six months of 2007 to 4.85% for the first six months of 2008. The lower rates were generally due to the lower interest rates in the economy, especially for shorter-term products. Interest expense decreased $80,000, or 2.80%, for the second quarter of 2008 from the same period in 2007 primarily due to a $6.3 million decrease in average interest-bearing liabilities for the three month period ended June 30, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The average rate paid on average interest-bearing liabilities was virtually unchanged.

Provision for Loan Losses. The evaluation of the level of loan loss reserves is an ongoing process that includes closely monitoring loan delinquencies. The following chart shows delinquent loans as well as a breakdown of non-performing assets. As noted earlier, our delinquent loans, including non-performing loans, are at a 42-month low.

                                  06/30/08      12/31/07      06/30/07

Loans delinquent 30-59 days       $     162     $     364     $   1,288
Loans delinquent 60-89 days             687         1,763         5,552
Total delinquencies                     849         2,127         6,840

Accruing loans past due 90 days           0            59         2,088
Non-accruing loans                    8,200         9,935        10,099
Total non-performing loans            8,200         9,994        12,187
OREO                                  2,630         3,944         4,612
Total non-performing assets       $  10,830     $  13,938     $  16,799


The accrual of interest income is discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days and three payments past due. Loans 90 days past due but not yet three payments past due will continue to accrue interest as long as it has been determined that the loan is well secured and the borrower has the capacity to repay. Troubled debt restructurings are considered non-accruing loans until sufficient time has passed for them to establish a pattern of compliance with the terms of the restructure. Delinquent loans, non-performing loans and other real estate owned ("OREO") properties all showed improvement compared to the prior quarter and the prior year, reflecting the efforts of the staff and the slowly improving local economy.

The decrease in non-performing loans at June 30, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007 was generally due to properties being taken into OREO, payoffs or improvements in the borrower's situation which brought them back to performing status. We took $804,000 into OREO in the first six months of 2008 and received another $583,000 in properties that were received and sold within the six months. We sold a total of $2.6 million of OREO properties during the first six months of 2008.

We establish our provision for loan losses based on a systematic analysis of risk factors in the loan portfolio. The analysis includes consideration of concentrations of credit, past loss experience, current economic conditions, the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, delinquencies and industry standards. On at least a quarterly basis, a formal analysis of the adequacy of the allowance is prepared and reviewed by management and the Board of Directors. This analysis serves as a point in time assessment of the level of the allowance and serves as a basis for provisions for loan losses. Portions of the allowance are allocated to loan portfolios in the various risk grades, based upon a variety of factors, including historical loss experience, trends in the type and volume of the loan portfolios, trends in delinquent and non-performing loans, and economic trends affecting our market.

Our analysis of the loan portfolio begins at the time the loan is originated, when each loan is assigned a risk rating. If the loan is a commercial credit, the borrower will also be assigned a similar rating. Loans that continue to perform as agreed will be included in one of the non-impaired loan categories. Loans no longer performing as agreed are assigned a numerically lower risk rating, eventually resulting in their being regarded as classified loans. A collateral re-evaluation is completed on all classified loans to determine if an impairment should be established. This process results in the allocation of specific amounts of the allowance to individual problem loans, generally based on an analysis of the collateral securing those loans. These components are added together and compared to the balance of our allowance at the evaluation date.

As part of our analysis we look at all loans rated doubtful, substandard, special mention and watch. These loans are specifically reviewed and a specific allowance is designated for this group of loans. At June 30, 2008, specifically reviewed loans totaled $55.3 million compared to $51.1 million at December 31, 2007. Most of the increase was due to a $7.4 million increase in watch loans. These are loans that are performing as agreed but are loans in which management has detected some weakness that warrants closer monitoring. We are proactive in identifying and addressing potential problem loans and believe this is a reason for our success in reducing non-performing loans. In addition, the use of a third-party independent loan review for commercial loans increases our confidence that potential problems will be identified and addressed early. Individual impairment reports are prepared each quarter for all substandard


loans and an expected impairment is determined based on the estimated realizable value of the collateral. Over this same period substandard loans were reduced by $3.5 million as loans were either restructured or taken into OREO.

The remainder of the portfolio is assigned a reserve based on a five-year average of historical charge-off levels. In addition, a qualitative analysis is . . .

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