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JRT > SEC Filings for JRT > Form 10-Q on 11-Aug-2008All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-Q for JER INVESTORS TRUST INC


11-Aug-2008

Quarterly Report


ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included herein. Amounts are presented in thousands except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted.

General

JER Investors Trust Inc. is a specialty finance company organized by J.E. Robert Company primarily to originate and acquire real estate debt securities and loans and fee interests in net leased real estate assets. We were formed in April 2004 and we completed our initial public offering in July 2005. We are externally managed and advised by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC (our "manager"), an affiliate of J.E. Robert Company. J.E. Robert Company and its affiliates are a fully integrated real estate investment management firm. We capitalize on the knowledge and substantial resources of J.E. Robert Company and its affiliates to take advantage of the growing volume and complexity of commercial real estate structured finance products. We invest primarily in loans and debt securities that we believe will yield high risk-adjusted returns. Our target investments include commercial real estate structured finance products such as commercial mortgage backed securities (commonly known as CMBS), mezzanine loans and B-Note participations in mortgage loans, as well as whole commercial mortgage loans, loans to real estate companies, preferred equity, and net leased real estate. Although we have not to date, we may also invest in single-family residential mortgages and related securities. We pursue a selective investment strategy, targeting specific transactions based on an analysis of debt structure and taking into account the underlying real estate and borrower credit risk. We are organized and conduct our operations in a manner intended to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes.

J.E. Robert Company was founded in 1981 to provide expertise to public and private financial institutions in resolving real estate loan workout situations. Since its founding, the firm has been active in all facets of the commercial real estate debt markets, including sourcing, due diligence, valuation, acquisition, asset management and disposition. J.E. Robert Company primarily conducts its real estate investment management activities on a global basis through a series of private equity funds, which we refer to as the JER Funds.

We are organized and conduct our operations to qualify as a REIT for Federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, among other restrictions and limitations, we will generally not be subject to Federal income tax on that portion of our income that is distributed to stockholders if we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders by the due date of our federal income tax return and comply with various other requirements.

Trends

During the second half of 2007 and the first half of 2008, severe credit and liquidity issues in the subprime residential lending and single family housing sectors negatively impacted the asset-backed and corporate fixed income markets, as well as the equity securities of financial institutions, homebuilders and real estate companies. As the severity of residential sector issues increased, nearly all securities markets experienced decreased liquidity and greater risk premiums as concerns about the outlook for the U.S. and world economic growth increased. These concerns continue and risk premiums in many capital markets remain at or near all-time highs with liquidity extremely low compared to historical standards or virtually non-existent. As a result, most commercial real estate finance and financial services industry participants, including us, have reduced new investment activity until the capital markets become more stable, the macroeconomic outlook becomes clearer and market liquidity increases. In this environment, we are focused on actively managing credit risk and maintaining liquidity.

Credit Market and Spreads: The value of our real estate securities and loans are influenced by changes in spreads, which measure the yield demanded by the market on securities and loans relative to a specific benchmark, generally a risk free rate of return for a comparable term. Credit spreads applicable to our targeted investments will periodically fluctuate based on changes in supply and demand, the availability of financing for such investments and other market factors. We expect demand to vary based on investor perception of the associated credit risk in current underwriting practices, the adequacy of ratings provided by the rating agencies, the availability and terms of financing for such investments and investor assessment of the current and future real estate market fundamentals. Demand may be further influenced by investor expectations regarding the ability to finance these assets, currently or in the future. We generally expect that credit spreads will increase during periods of perceived higher credit risk and decline during periods of perceived lower credit risk, and increase during periods where financing is not readily available and decrease when financing is readily available.

CMBS Issuance and Valuation: While we expect that supply will vary from quarter to quarter, we expect the securitization market over the long-term to generally remain a key source of real estate lending capacity and liquidity. We believe the total issuance for CMBS, inclusive of non-investment grade securities, will be significantly less in 2008 than in recent years. In fact, in 2008 through June 30, 2008, only 8 CMBS transactions totaling $10.7 billion were priced. This compares to total first half 2007 CMBS issuances of approximately $113 billion. This is a direct result of the dramatic slowdown in the pace of lending by CMBS originators.


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The slow down in originations has also resulted in a substantial reduction of new opportunities in the mezzanine, B-note mortgage loan, bridge loan, preferred equity and non-investment CMBS markets. As originations at traditional high leverage lenders decline and there is a reduction in the volume of real estate transactions generally, new investment opportunities in this sector have been reduced accordingly. We believe market supply will not increase significantly until stability in the real estate lending market returns.

Recently, significant disruptions in the global credit markets have had a substantial effect on market participants. These disruptions have led to, among other things, a significant decline in the fair value of many mortgage related investment securities, as well as a significant contraction in commercial paper and other short-term and long-term funding sources. As a result, many investment vehicles indicate difficulty valuing certain of their holdings as a result of market illiquidity.

During this period, we have seen a significant widening of credit spreads in both the subordinate CMBS market which includes bonds rated BB+ through NR classes, and in the investment grade tranches of BBB- and above. For example, the credit spread over applicable swap rates for typical BBB- CMBS new-issue bonds was estimated to exceed 1800 basis points as of June 30, 2008 compared to in excess of 900 basis points as of December 31, 2007 and approximately 95 basis points as of December 31, 2006. Additionally, we have seen widening of credit spreads on real estate loans, including B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole loans. Given the current volatility in the capital markets, we cannot predict changes in the market value of collateral and potential margin call requirements, if any, under our repurchase agreement facilities.

Primarily as a result of such spread widening, we have had margin calls on our repurchase agreement facilities based upon fair market value determinations of the underlying collateral. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, such margin calls totaled $18.3 million and $84.0 million, respectively, and there have been $9.5 million of margin calls subsequent to June 30, 2008 through August 4, 2008. In June 2008, we paid down an additional $26.4 million on its Goldman Sachs repurchase agreement facility as a result of the sale of an asset pledged as collateral. We currently have three repurchase agreements outstanding with JPMorgan Chase, Bear Stearns and Goldman Sachs which have stated maturity dates of August 22, 2008, September 12, 2008 and October 1, 2009. We have recently agreed in principle on terms with JPMorgan related to the extension and consolidation of our CMBS repurchase agreements with JPMorgan and Bear Stearns. It is anticipated that the term of the facility will be extended to August 2009 and require a paydown of outstanding borrowings due to lower advance rates and be fully recourse to us, among other items. We are in the process of completing final legal documentation of this agreement. With respect to the Goldman Sachs facility, we are obligated to pay quarterly availability fees to maintain the facility through October 1, 2009.

Competition: Over the long-term, we expect to face increased competition for our targeted investments. However, overall, we expect the market for these investments, as well as the continuing trend of tranching and further retranching commercial mortgage loans into new securities that are packaged and resold, will continue over the long term to provide us with a variety of investment opportunities. In the short to medium term, there are likely to be periods of growth and contraction in the market. However, over the long-term, we believe borrowers need a full range of financing opportunities to make acquisitions, particularly on larger assets where substantial equity commitments are required.

We believe that the overall subordinated debt market, which includes B-notes, mezzanine debt and preferred equity, has grown because purchasers of commercial real estate are increasingly using subordinated debt financing to reduce their required equity investment and to attain greater leverage on their equity. However, at the same time, over the long term, we believe that there is and will continue to be significant competition among providers of subordinated debt financing, which could result in declining interest rate spreads on B-note, mezzanine debt and preferred equity investments. There are also likely to be periods of growth and contraction in the market and significant changes in credit spreads and overall interest rates on B-notes, mezzanine debt and preferred equity investments. Finally, with an increase in competition for our targeted investments, we believe some lenders may be willing to accept relatively higher levels of risk with respect to the type of assets that collateralize the loans as well as the terms under which they are willing to lend monies. If we are unwilling to accept the relatively higher levels of risk associated with these loans, we may not be able to acquire or originate investments associated with such relatively higher risk loans. Alternatively, if we are willing to accept the relatively higher levels of risk associated with these loans and do acquire or originate investments that are associated with such loans, we may increase our overall risk of impairment and loss associated with such loans.

Rising Interest Rate and Financing Environment: We believe that interest rates are likely to increase over the long term and there are likely to be periods of significant fluctuation in interest rates. With respect to our existing and future floating rate investments, we believe such interest rate increases should result in increases in our net interest income. Similarly, we believe such an increase in interest rates should generally result in an increase in our net interest income on future fixed interest rate investments made by us. Conversely, in periods of rising interest rates, existing investments may be exposed to more credit risk due to potentially higher capitalization rates resulting in a possible decline in collateral property values potentially decreasing the proceeds from refinancing as well as the impact of higher debt service requirements for floating rate loans. Further, in periods of rising interest rates, prepayments on mortgage loans generally decrease, in which case we would not have the prepayment proceeds available to invest in assets with higher yields. With respect to our existing fixed rate investments, we believe our strategy of financing such assets through match-


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funded collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs"), combined with utilizing interest rate swaps prior to the execution of a CDO, allows us to mitigate potential reductions in net interest income. Nevertheless, depending upon market conditions, we may not be able to successfully match fund liabilities associated with our investments. Most recently, we have seen a significant widening of borrowing spreads and dramatic decreases in available leverage in the commercial real estate market and the related commercial real estate commercial debt obligations ("CRE CDOs") market such that the CMBS and CDO markets are effectively closed for new issuances. The current state of the CMBS and CRE CDO markets could have a negative impact on our leveraged returns and our ability to successfully match fund liabilities associated with our investments.

Issuances of Common Stock

In June 2004, we sold 11,500,000 shares of common stock in a private placement offering for net proceeds of approximately $160.1 million. Additionally, we issued 335,000 shares of common stock to our manager and an aggregate of 6,000 shares of restricted common stock to our independent directors pursuant to our Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the "Plan") at the time of the closing of the private placement. In July 2004, when James Kimsey and Frank Caufield joined our Board of Directors, we issued each of them 2,000 additional shares of restricted common stock pursuant to the Plan.

In July 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") declared effective our registration statement on Form S-11 (No. 333-122802) (the "Registration Statement") relating to (a) our initial public offering (the "IPO") of up to 13,832,025 shares of common stock, including 1,832,025 shares of common stock pursuant to an over-allotment option granted to the underwriters and (b) the offering by selling stockholders of 213,499 shares of common stock through the underwriters. On July 19, 2005, we issued a total of 12,000,000 shares of common stock in the IPO, at a price to the public of $17.75 per share. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale by the selling stockholders of 213,499 shares of common stock, at a price to the public of $17.75 per share.

In August 2005, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase an additional 1,832,025 shares of common stock at $17.75 to cover over-allotments. The net proceeds to us on the sale of 12,000,000 shares in the IPO and the 1,832,025 pursuant to the over-allotment option was $226.4 million after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses. The net proceeds of the IPO were primarily used to pay down indebtedness.

During 2007, we granted 137,000 shares of restricted stock to certain officers and employees of an affiliate of our manager, of which 3,000 shares have been forfeited. In May 2006, we granted Mark Weiss, our president, 60,000 shares of restricted stock and 150,000 stock options on our common stock. As of June 30, 2008, we had a total of 25,901,035 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. As of June 30, 2008, we had granted an aggregate of 40,000 shares of restricted stock and 28,052 shares of deferred stock units to our current and former independent directors.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our most critical accounting policies relate to investment consolidation, revenue recognition, securities valuation and impairment, loan loss provisions, derivative accounting and income taxes. Each of these items involves estimates that require management to make judgments that are subjective in nature. We rely on J.E. Robert Company and its affiliates' experience and analysis of historical and current market data in order to arrive at what we believe to be reasonable estimates. Under different conditions, we could report materially different amounts using these critical accounting policies.

Investment Consolidation. For each investment we make, we evaluate the underlying entity that issued the securities we acquired or to which we made a loan in order to determine the appropriate accounting. We refer to guidance in SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, and FIN 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, in performing our analysis. FIN 46(R) addresses the application of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, "Consolidated Financial Statements," to certain entities in which voting rights are not effective in identifying an investor with a controlling financial interest. An entity is considered a variable interest entity ("VIE") and subject to consolidation under FIN 46(R) if the investors either do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, are unable to direct the entity's activities, or are not exposed to the entity's losses or entitled to its residual returns. Variable interest entities within the scope of FIN 46(R) are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is determined to be the party that absorbs a majority of the entity's expected losses, its expected returns, or both.

Our ownership of the subordinated classes of CMBS from a single issuer gives us the right to control the foreclosure/workout process on the underlying loans ("Controlling Class CMBS"). FIN 46(R) has certain scope exceptions, one of which provides that an enterprise that holds a variable interest in a qualifying special-purpose entity ("QSPE") does not consolidate that entity unless that enterprise has the unilateral ability to cause the entity to liquidate. SFAS No. 140 provides the requirements for an entity to be considered a QSPE. To maintain the QSPE exception, the trust must continue to meet the QSPE criteria both initially and in subsequent periods. A trust's QSPE status can be impacted in future periods by activities of its transferor(s) or other involved parties, including the manner in which certain servicing activities are performed. To the extent our CMBS investments were issued by a trust


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that meets the requirements to be considered a QSPE, we record the investments at the purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying trusts are not QSPEs, we follow the guidance set forth in FIN 46(R) as the trusts would be considered VIEs.

We have analyzed the governing pooling and servicing agreements for each of our subordinated class CMBS investments and believe the terms are consistent with industry standards and the QSPE criteria. However, there is uncertainty with respect to QSPE treatment due to ongoing review by accounting standard setters, potential actions by various parties involved with the QSPE, as discussed above, as well as varying and evolving interpretations of the QSPE criteria under SFAS No. 140. Future guidance from the standard setters may require us to consolidate CMBS trusts in which we have invested. In April 2008, the FASB voted to issue an exposure draft in the near future which may propose significant changes to SFAS No. 140 and in June 2008, the FASB voted to issue an exposure draft which may alter the definition of primary benificiaries as defined under FIN 46(R). We will closely monitor any developments in this area and assess the impact on any such amendments to our financial statements.

The non-investment grade and unrated tranches of the CMBS owned by us provide credit support to the more senior classes of the related commercial securitizations. Cash flow from the underlying mortgages is generally allocated first to the senior tranches, with the most senior tranches having a priority right to the cash flow. Any remaining cash flow is allocated, generally, among the other tranches in order of their relative seniority. To the extent there are defaults and unrecoverable losses on the underlying mortgages resulting in reduced cash flows, the remaining CMBS classes will bear such losses in order of their relative subordination.

The table below details information about our CMBS investments, including the purchase date, the face amount of the total CMBS issuance, the original face amount of our CMBS investments, and the amortized cost of our CMBS investments as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007:

                                                                  Original Face       Amortized Cost (1) as of
                          Investment        Total Face Amount       Amount of        June 30,        December 31,
CMBS Trust                   Date           of CMBS Issuance       Investment          2008              2007
MACH One 2004-1       July 2004            $           643,261   $        50,637   $      11,998    $       19,672
CSFB 1998-C1          August 2004                    2,482,942            12,500           9,132             9,565
CSFB 2004-C4          November 2004                  1,138,077            52,976          11,733            22,575
MLMT 2004-BPC1        November 2004                  1,242,650            76,986          14,976            26,174
JPMCC 2004-C3         December 2004                  1,517,410            81,561          20,201            35,800
JPMCC 2005-CIBC11     March 2005                     1,800,969            70,035          15,432            33,761
BACM 2005             April 2005                     2,322,091            84,663          25,050            41,630
LB UBS 2005-C2        April 2005                     1,942,131             7,000           2,432             4,328
CSFB 2005-C2          May 2005                       1,614,084            82,261          22,507            37,695
LB UBS 2005-C3        June 2005                      2,060,632            39,335           8,544            17,626
JPMCC 2005-CIBC12     July 2005                      2,167,039            70,429          14,980            33,793
JPMCC 2005-LDP4       September 2005                 2,677,075            90,352          23,692            48,731
MSCI 2005-IQ10        October 2005                   1,546,863            55,274          14,267            30,694
MLMT 2005 CK11        December 2005                  3,073,749            96,066          28,472            51,689
MSC 2006 HQ8          March 2006                     2,731,231           105,707          33,055            62,181
JPMCC 2006-CIBC15     June 2006                      2,118,303            71,493          16,951            37,436
CGCMT 2006-C4         June 2006                      2,263,536            84,395          23,238            50,759
MSCI 2006- HQ9        August 2006                    2,565,238            81,338          20,760            48,577
MLMT 2006- C2         August 2006                    1,542,697            60,067          18,341            38,249
JPMCC 2006- LDP8      September 2006                 3,066,028           107,158          29,237            64,231
CD 2006- CD3          October 2006                   3,571,361           110,713          26,263            62,616
MSCI 2007- HQ11       February 2007                  2,417,647            89,530          26,360            58,401
GCCFC 2007- GG9       March 2007                     6,575,924            34,167          12,309            31,061
JPMCC 2007- LDP10     March 2007                     5,331,517           151,616          42,175            85,343
WAMU 2007- SL3        June 2007                      1,284,473             6,500           3,136             5,746
JPMCC 2007- LDP12     August 2007                    2,310,556            81,402          19,881            39,554

Total                                      $        62,007,484   $     1,854,161   $     495,122    $      997,887


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(1) The decline in amortized cost from December 31, 2007 to June 30, 2008 is due primarily the recognition of unrealized losses of $504.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2008, which included $280.5 million of unrealized losses at January 1, 2008.

Our maximum carrying value exposure to loss as a result of our investment in these securities totaled $495.1 million and $997.9 million as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. However, we have reduced our maximum economic loss exposure through the use of non-recourse and partial recourse financing vehicles for these investments.

The financing structures we offer to our borrowers on certain of our loans involve the creation of entities that could be deemed VIEs and, therefore, could be subject to FIN 46(R). We have evaluated these entities and have concluded that none of them are VIEs that are subject to consolidation under FIN 46(R).

In April 2007, we created a trust subsidiary for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The trust is considered a VIE under FIN 46(R) and it was determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the trust. Accordingly, the trust is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. See Liquidity and Capital Resources- Junior Subordinated Debentures for additional information.

In October 2007, we sold a 50% interest in the entity that owns all twelve of our net leased real estate assets, forming a joint venture with an unrelated third party. The joint venture was not considered a VIE under FIN 46(R) and we accounted for our investment in the joint venture under the equity method of accounting. In April 2008, the Company sold its remaining 50% interest in the joint venture for $39.4 million which approximated cost basis.

In December 2007, we entered into an agreement to invest up to $10.0 million into a fund, defined as the JER US Debt Co-Investment Vehicle, L.P. (the "US Debt Fund"), established to buy loans secured, directly or indirectly, by commercial real estate, including B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole mortgage loans, and also in preferred equity, CMBS and CMBS-related products such as CMBX and credit default swaps. Excluded investments for the US Debt Fund include non-performing loans, fee-simple ownership interests, single family residential mortgages and related securities (sub-prime, conforming, jumbo or Alt-A), whole loans originated directly by us or an affiliate of our Manager and net leased real estate assets. The US Debt Fund is not considered a VIE under FIN 46(R). Accordingly, the US Debt Fund is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had invested $3.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in the US Debt Fund.

Although the entity that owns the net leased real estate assets and the US Debt Fund are not VIE's under FIN 46(R), we determined that these entities should not be consolidated under EITF 04-5 given the rights afforded to the other partners in those entities.

We determine if our real estate loans should be accounted for as loans, real estate investments or equity method joint ventures in accordance with AICPA Practice Bulletin No. 1 on acquisition, development or construction ("ADC") arrangements. To date, we have accounted for all of our arrangements as loans based on the guidance set forth in the Practice Bulletin.

We acquire participating interests in commercial real estate first mortgage loans and mezzanine loans. When we initially invest in loan participations, they are evaluated under SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, to determine whether the participation interest meets the definition of a debt security. To the extent a given loan participation meets the definition of a debt security, the participation will be accounted for . . .

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