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| DFR > SEC Filings for DFR > Form 10-Q on 11-Aug-2008 | All Recent SEC Filings |
11-Aug-2008
Quarterly Report
The statements in this discussion regarding the industry outlook and our
expectations regarding the future performance of our business and the other
non-historical statements in this discussion are forward-looking statements.
These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and
uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties
described in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q on page 3 under the title
"Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements" and our Annual Report on
Form 10-K filed on February 29, 2008, as amended, in "Part I - Item 1A. Risk
Factors." You should read the following discussion together with our condensed
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in "Part I -
Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q. Unless otherwise noted or the
context otherwise requires, we refer to Deerfield Capital Corp. as "DFR," to DFR
and its subsidiaries as "we," "us," "our," or "our company," to Deerfield &
Company LLC, one of our indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, as "Deerfield," and
to Deerfield Capital Management LLC, our former external manager and another of
our indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, as "DCM." We refer to our acquisition of
Deerfield pursuant to a merger agreement dated as of December 17, 2007 among us,
DFR Merger Company, LLC (our wholly-owned subsidiary that was merged into
Deerfield), Deerfield and Triarc Companies, Inc., or Triarc (as sellers'
representative), by which DFR Merger Company, LLC was merged with and into
Deerfield on December 21, 2007, as the "Merger."
General
DFR is a Maryland corporation with a principal investing portfolio of
approximately $2.1 billion as of June 30, 2008, comprised of fixed income
investments, including residential mortgage backed securities, or RMBS,
government securities and corporate debt. In addition, through our subsidiary,
DCM, we manage approximately $13.0 billion of client assets ($596.1 million of
which is also included in our investment portfolio) as of July 1, 2008,
including government securities, corporate debt, RMBS and asset-backed
securities, or ABS.
Overview
As of June 30, 2008, our Agency RMBS (as defined below) and AAA-rated
non-Agency RMBS portfolios were $415.3 million and $28.9 million, respectively.
This represents an approximately 93.0% reduction in our RMBS holdings since
December 31, 2007. See "First Quarter Overview" below for a discussion of the
significant sales of our RMBS portfolio during the three months ended March 31,
2008. We have experienced a 5.0% reduction in our RMBS holdings since March 31,
2008, primarily as a result of the receipt of principal paydowns.
As of June 30, 2008, our book value was $3.37 per share, and leverage was 9.6
times equity. Our reduced leverage, down from 12.3 times equity as of June 30,
2007, has resulted in improved stability in our liquidity position. Unencumbered
RMBS and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents aggregated approximately
$57.4 million at June 30, 2008. In addition, net equity in the financed RMBS
portfolio (including associated interest rate swaps), excluding the unencumbered
RMBS included above, totaled approximately $28.3 million at June 30, 2008. In
total, we had cash and cash equivalents, unencumbered liquid securities and net
equity in financed liquid securities of approximately $85.7 million as of
June 30, 2008. We believe our current cash and cash equivalents, unencumbered
liquid securities and net equity in financed liquid securities along with
financing sources and cash flows from operations are adequate to meet
anticipated long term (greater than one year) liquidity requirements.
We are focused on optimizing the Investment Management segment of our
business by launching new investment products that will diversify our revenue
streams while highlighting our core competencies of credit analysis and asset
management. We expect to make co-investments in certain of these new investment
products. We believe that the growth of fee based income through the management
of alternative investment products will provide the most attractive
risk-adjusted return on capital. We are also focused on our previously announced
strategy of acquiring existing CDO management contracts. On July 21, 2008, we
announced that we acquired the management contract for Robeco CDO II Limited
from Robeco Investment Management, Inc. We continue to explore the possibility
of acquiring additional management contracts from other CDO managers.
First Quarter Overview
During the first three months of 2008, we were adversely impacted by the
continuing deterioration of global credit markets. The most pronounced impact
was on our AAA-rated non-Agency RMBS portfolio. This portfolio experienced a
significant decrease in value during the first three months of 2008 fueled by
the ongoing liquidity crisis. This negative environment affected our ability to
successfully finance and hedge our RMBS assets in several ways. First, as
financing conditions worsened and the value of our AAA-rate non-Agency RMBS
portfolio declined, we sold a significant portion of our AAA-rate non-Agency
RMBS and Agency RMBS to improve our liquidity.
Second, repurchase agreement counterparties in some cases ceased financing
non-Agency collateral (including AAA-rated collateral such as ours) and, in
other cases, significantly increased the equity, or "haircut," required to
finance such collateral. The reduction of available counterparties further
restricted our ability to obtain financing on favorable terms.
Finally, we have a long standing practice of hedging a substantial portion of
the interest rate risk that we incur in connection with financing the RMBS
portfolio. This hedging is generally accomplished through interest rate swaps
under which we agree to pay a fixed interest rate in return for receiving a
floating interest rate. As the credit environment worsened in early 2008, it
created a flight to U.S. Treasury securities and prompted further Federal
Reserve rate cuts and interest rates decreased sharply. This, in turn, required
us to post additional collateral to support declines in our interest rate swap
portfolio. While Agency RMBS demonstrated offsetting gains providing releases of
certain margin, AAA-rated non-Agency RMBS experienced significant price declines
which, coupled with losses on our interest rate swap portfolio, exacerbated the
strain on our liquidity.
The combined impact of these developments resulted in the acceleration of our
strategy to decrease investment in AAA-rated non-Agency RMBS and to seek to
liquidate other assets to significantly reduce leverage in our balance sheet in
an effort to support liquidity needs. Specifically, the following actions were
taken during the three months ended March 31, 2008:
• Agency RMBS with an amortized cost of $4.6 billion were sold at a net
realized gain of $24.4 million.
• AAA-rated non-Agency RMBS with an amortized cost of $1.6 billion were sold at a net realized loss of $193.5 million.
• The net notional amount of interest rate swaps used to hedge the RMBS portfolio was reduced by $6.2 billion. Net losses in this portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2008 totaled $219.3 million.
Our Business
Our business is managed in two operating segments: Investment Management and
Principal Investing. Our Investment Management segment involves managing a
variety of investment products including private investment funds,
collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, and separately managed accounts. Our
Principal Investing segment is comprised primarily of Agency RMBS, AAA-rated
non-Agency RMBS, government securities and Corporate Loans (as defined below).
Agency-issued RMBS are backed by mortgage loans and are guaranteed as to
principal and interest by federally chartered entities such as the Federal
National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae, or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, or Freddie Mac, and, in the case of the Government National
Mortgage Association, or Ginnie Mae, the U.S. government. We refer to these
entities as "Agencies" and to RMBS guaranteed or issued by the Agencies as
"Agency RMBS." Our Agency RMBS portfolio currently consists of Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac securities. We refer to our investments in senior secured loans
(first lien and second lien term loans), senior subordinated debt facilities and
other junior securities, typically in middle market companies across a range of
industries, as "Corporate Loans."
Investment Management Segment
DCM manages investment accounts for various types of clients, including CDOs
and a structured loan fund, a private investment fund and separately managed
accounts (separate, non-pooled accounts established by clients). Except for the
separately managed accounts, these clients are collective investment vehicles
that pool the capital contributions of multiple investors, which are typically
financial institutions, such as insurance companies, employee benefits plans and
"funds of funds" (investment funds that in turn allocate their assets to a
variety of other investment funds). Our teams that manage these accounts are
supported by various other groups within DCM, such as risk management, systems,
accounting, operations and legal. DCM enters into an investment management
agreement with each client, pursuant to which the client grants DCM discretion
to purchase and sell securities and other financial instruments without the
client's prior authorization.
The various investment strategies that DCM uses to manage client accounts are
developed internally by DCM and include fundamental credit research (such as for
the CDOs) and arbitrage trading techniques (such as for the investment fund).
Arbitrage trading generally involves seeking to generate trading profits from
changes in the price relationships between related financial instruments rather
than from "directional" price movements in particular instruments. Arbitrage
trading also typically involves the use of substantial leverage, through
borrowing of funds, to increase the size of the market position being taken and
therefore the potential return on the investment.
Our primary source of revenue from our Investment Management segment is the
investment advisory fees paid by the accounts we manage. These fees consist of
management fees based on the account's assets and performance fees based on the
profits we generate for the account, or in the case of CDOs, the achievement of
performance targets set forth in any related agreements.
AUM
The following table summarizes the assets under management, or AUM, for each
of the Investment Management segment product categories as of July 1, 2008:
Number of AUM as of
Accounts July 1, 2008 (1)
(In thousands)
CDOs (2)
Bank loans (3) 15 $ 5,151,278
Asset-backed securities 13 6,336,532
Investment grade credit 2 620,883
Total CDOs 12,108,693
Investment Fund (4)
Fixed income arbitrage 1 436,156
Separately managed accounts (5) 6 431,480
Total AUM (6) $ 12,976,329
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(1) AUM numbers are
reported as of
July 1, 2008,
rather than as
of June 30,
2008, to be
inclusive of
investment fund
contributions,
if any,
effective on the
first of the
month.
(2) CDO AUM numbers
generally
reflect the
aggregate
principal or
notional balance
of the
collateral and,
in some cases,
the cash balance
held by the CDOs
and are as of
the date of the
last trustee
report received
for each CDO
prior to July 1,
2008. Our
CDOs/Bank loans
AUM includes AUM
related to our
structured loan
fund.
(3) The AUM for our
Euro-denominated
CDO has been
converted into
U.S. dollars
using the spot
rate of exchange
on June 30,
2008.
(4) The Number of
Accounts for the
Investment Fund
does not include
feeder funds,
which are funds
that invest all
or substantially
all of their
assets into a
trading fund
which we manage,
although some of
our management
fees are paid
pursuant to
contracts with
those feeder
funds.
(5) AUM for certain
of the
separately
managed accounts
is a multiple of
the capital
actually
invested in such
account.
Management fees
for these
accounts are
paid on this
levered AUM
number.
(6) Included in
Total AUM are
$295.3 million
and
$300.8 million
related to
Market Square
CLO and DFR MM
CLO,
respectively,
which amounts
are also
included in the
total reported
for the
Principal
Investing
segment. DCM
manages these
CDOs but is not
contractually
entitled to
receive any
management fees
for so long as
100% of the
equity is held
by DC LLC or an
affiliate
thereof. All
other amounts
included in the
Principal
Investing
portfolio are
excluded from
Total AUM.
Principal Investing Segment
Our income from our Principal Investing segment is generated primarily from
the net spread, or difference, between the interest income we earn on our
investment portfolio and the cost of our borrowings net of hedging activities,
as well as the recognized gains and losses on our investment portfolio,
including provision for loan losses, if any. Our net interest income will vary
based upon, among other things, the difference between the interest rates earned
on our interest-earning investments and the borrowing costs of the liabilities
used to finance those investments. We use a substantial amount of leverage to
seek to enhance our returns, which can also magnify losses. The cost of
borrowings to finance our investments comprises a significant portion of our
operating expenses.
The following table is a summary of our Principal Investing segment by asset class:
June 30, 2008
Carrying % of Total
Principal Investments Value Investments
(In thousands)
Real Estate Investments:
RMBS (1) $ 444,185 21.1 %
Commercial real estate loans and securities 17,212 0.8 %
461,397 21.9 %
Government Investments:
U.S. Treasury bills 999,954 47.5 %
Corporate Investments:
Corporate leverage loans:
Loans held in DFR MM CLO 259,577 12.3 %
Loans held in Wachovia Facility 89,627 4.2 %
Other corporate leveraged loans (2) 24,879 1.2 %
Assets held in Market Square CLO (3) 263,037 12.5 %
Equity securities 5,472 0.3 %
Other investments 1,293 0.1 %
643,885 30.6 %
Total Investments 2,105,236 100.0 %
Allowance for loan losses (7,883 )
Net Investments $ 2,097,353
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(1) RMBS are either
Agency RMBS or
AAA-rated
non-Agency
RMBS.
(2) Other corporate
leveraged loans
excludes credit
default and
total return
swaps.
(3) Includes
syndicated bank
loans of
$257.9 million,
high yield
corporate bonds
of $3.3 million
and ABS of
$1.8 million as
of June 30,
2008.
Trends
The following trends may also affect our business:
Liquidity. We depend on the capital markets to finance our investments in
RMBS. We enter into repurchase agreements to provide short term financing for
our RMBS portfolio. Commercial and investment banks have historically provided
sufficient liquidity to finance our mortgage portfolio. Recent market events,
however, have caused such firms to change their credit standards and generally
reduce the loan amounts available to borrowers, resulting in a decrease in
overall market liquidity. This has reduced our access to repurchase financing,
particularly with respect to the AAA-rated non-Agency portion of our RMBS
portfolio. This reduction in liquidity reduced the market valuations of our
AAA-rated non-Agency RMBS, which resulted in our need to post additional margin
and, ultimately, to sell a significant portion of our RMBS portfolio at a time
when we would not otherwise have chosen to do so. The market dislocation has put
significant downward pressure in the value of RMBS across the credit spectrum,
resulting in significant losses, which has also had a significant negative
effect on our liquidity.
Although we do not have direct exposure to the sub-prime mortgage sector, the
current default trends in that sector and the resulting weakness in the broader
mortgage market could adversely affect our lenders, causing one or more of them
to be unwilling or unable to provide us with additional or continuing financing.
This could increase our financing costs and further reduce our liquidity. The
failure of one or more major market participants could reduce the marketability
of all fixed income securities, including Agency RMBS, which could reduce the
value of the securities in our portfolio, thus reducing our net book value. If
our lenders are unwilling or unable to provide us with additional financing, we
could be forced to sell a large portion of our securities at an inopportune time
or on unfavorable terms. However, because the vast majority of our current RMBS
portfolio consists of Agency RMBS, we believe that we are better positioned to
convert our investment securities to cash or to negotiate an extended financing
term should our lenders reduce the amount of the liquidity available to us.
Corporate credit performance. Earlier periods had demonstrated reasonably
stable corporate credit performance, as evidenced by the relatively low
corporate default rates. More recently, however, corporate default rates have
begun to increase as the economy has begun to show signs of weakening. A further
weakening of the U.S. economy would likely have a negative impact on corporate
credit performance, which could result in an increase in corporate default
rates. Such an increase would likely reduce the returns associated with certain
of our investments, particularly the corporate leveraged loans held in both our
Principal Investing segment portfolio and in certain of the vehicles managed
within our Investment Management segment. Furthermore, such an increase in
default rates would likely increase our allowance for loan losses on loans held
for investment and increase our valuation allowance on loans held for sale.
Additionally, an increase in default rates would likely generate realized losses
in our portfolios. These events could result in significant losses and a
reduction in our book value. Increases in defaults could also cause us to hit
certain structural triggers in the CDOs that we own and manage. These CDOs
generally contain certain structural provisions, including, but not limited to,
over collateralization requirements and/or market value triggers that are meant
to protect investors from deterioration in the credit quality of the underlying
collateral pool.
Credit spreads. Over the past several years, the credit markets experienced
tightening credit spreads (specifically, spreads between U.S. Treasury
securities and other securities that are identical in all respects except for
ratings) mainly due to the strong demand for lending opportunities. Over the
second half of 2007 and the first half of 2008, however, there was significant
widening of credit spreads across all of the credit markets. A continued
widening could reduce our book value but could also have the positive effect of
increasing net interest income on future investment opportunities. However, we
would need to have additional capital available, either through debt financings
or equity offerings, to take advantage of these investment opportunities. We are
currently unable to take significant advantage of the increased yields available
on investments due to a lack of available capital.
CDO financing and management. The reduction in liquidity and widening of
credit spreads have resulted in significant downward pressure on the market
values of assets typically held in and financed by CDOs. These decreased market
values, along with increased default rates on ABS and significant rating agency
downgrades of the collateral underlying certain of our CDOs, have made it more
likely that our CDOs may trigger certain of their structural protections or
events of default, either of which would reduce our management fees and our AUM.
We anticipate that, given current market conditions, it will be significantly
more difficult to create new CDOs in the near term than it has been in the past.
Tighter lending standards imposed by financial institutions could also result in
a diminished ability to finance some security positions in CDOs and other funds
on favorable terms or at all. To the extent that we are successful in creating
new CDOs, the management fees we earn from managing those CDOs may be at a
significantly lower rate than what we averaged previously. This may affect our
ability to sustain our historical AUM and revenue growth.
During 2008, the CDO management market experienced some consolidation,
evidenced by CDO management contracts being transferred to or acquired by
larger, more established CDO managers. We expect this trend to continue in the
near term and are looking to take advantage of this trend by acquiring CDO
management contracts. For example, on July 21, 2008, we announced that we
acquired the management contract for Robeco CDO II Limited from Robeco
Investment Management, Inc.
Interest rate environment. From September 18, 2007 to June 30, 2008, the
Federal Reserve decreased the Fed Funds rate on seven occasions by an aggregate
of 325 basis points, from 5.25% to 2.00%. The Fed Funds rate is the interest
rate at which depository institutions lend balances at the Federal Reserve to
other depository institutions overnight. These decreases caused a drop in London
interbank offered rate, or LIBOR, rates as well as a comparable decrease in our
short term borrowing costs. Due to our interest rate hedging program, the
changes in our borrowing costs were largely offset by our hedges, and our
effective cost of funding remained relatively stable. Greater volatility in
market interest rates will place a higher degree of reliance on the
effectiveness of our interest rate hedging strategies including in the other
funds we manage. Additionally, the fair value changes in the Agency RMBS
portfolio associated with shifts in term interest rates were generally offset by
our portfolio of swap hedges of varying maturities. Because we own hybrid
adjustable mortgages which contain caps on the interest rate, a significant rise
in rates after the initial fixed rate period would also decrease net interest
income if the financing rate is higher than the capped rate.
Shape of the yield curve. During the first half of 2008, the yield curve
continued to steepen, with the yield on the three-month U.S. Treasury bill
decreasing by 151 basis points, while the yield on the five-year U.S. Treasury
note decreased by only 11 basis points. It is difficult to predict the future
shape of the yield curve. If the yield curve continues to steepen, we would
likely experience increases in our net interest income on our RMBS, as the
financing of our RMBS is usually shorter in term than the fixed rate period of
our RMBS, which is heavily weighted towards hybrid adjustable rate RMBS.
Similarly, if the curve inverts, our net interest income would likely decrease.
We expect our hedging program to offset some of the impact of changes in the
shape of the yield curve, but, since we do not hedge 100% of our interest rate
exposure, the impact from the hedges will not fully offset the impact to net
interest income.
Valuation of investments. Recent events in the financial markets have
resulted in the offer for sale of a significant amount of investment assets,
increasingly under distressed circumstances, with limited financing available to
potential buyers. This increase in investment assets for sale, together with
investors' diminished confidence in being able to assess the credit quality of
credit-sensitive investments, has caused significant price volatility in
previously stable asset classes. As a result, the pricing process for certain
investment classes has become more uncertain and subjective, and prices obtained
through such process may not necessarily represent what we would receive in an
actual sale of a given investment.
Prepayment rates. Prepayment rates generally increase when interest rates
fall and decrease when they rise, but the precise impact of interest rate
changes on prepayment rates is difficult to predict. Prepayment rates also may
be affected by other factors, including conditions in the housing and financial
markets, conditions in the mortgage origination industry, general economic
conditions and the relative interest rates on adjustable-rate and fixed-rate
mortgage loans. Because interest rates have declined, we would expect to see an
increase in the prepayment rates associated with our RMBS portfolio. If this
occurred, our current portfolio, which is heavily weighted towards hybrid
adjustable-rate mortgages, could experience decreases in its net interest income
due to reinvestment opportunities being in a lower rate environment. In
addition, a significant increase in prepayment rates could reduce our liquidity,
as we would expect to experience an increase in margin calls from repurchase
counterparties associated with the decline in the market value of the RMBS
securing the repurchase financings.
Investor demand. We believe that institutions, high net worth individuals and
other investors are increasing their allocations of capital to the alternative
investment sector. Such allocations and the related demand, however, depend
partly on the strength of the economy and the returns available from other
investments relative to returns from alternative investments. These returns
depend on the interest rate and credit spread markets. As interest rates rise or
credit spreads widen, returns available on other investments tend to increase,
which could slow capital flow to, or increase capital withdrawal from, the
alternative investment sector. In recent years, we have experienced relatively
steady and historically low interest rates and tight credit spreads, which has
generally been favorable to our Investment Management segment. However, recent
market developments have caused credit spreads to significantly widen. Increased
volatility and widening of credit spreads triggered by the higher delinquency
and default rates in the subprime mortgage markets, which is negatively
impacting our management and related fees from CDOs as well as the fair value of
our CDO investments, recently has, and could continue to, depress investor
demand and negatively impact the performance and profitability of our Investment
Management segment.
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