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| KO > SEC Filings for KO > Form 10-Q on 25-Apr-2008 | All Recent SEC Filings |
25-Apr-2008
Quarterly Report
Recoverability of Noncurrent Assets
Current period losses incurred by consolidated bottling operations in Europe and Asia in the first quarter of 2008 were considered impairment indicators. Therefore, the Company completed impairment reviews of our noncurrent assets and investments in bottling operations primarily in these regions. As of March 28, 2008, the carrying values of our investments in noncurrent assets and in bottling operations subject to these impairment reviews in Europe and Asia were approximately $2,731 million and $16 million, respectively. The Company will continue to monitor the recoverability of these noncurrent assets and investments in bottling operations in these locations throughout 2008.
Sales of our ready-to-drink nonalcoholic beverages are somewhat seasonal, with the second and third calendar quarters accounting for the highest sales volumes. The volume of sales in the beverage business may be affected by weather conditions.
Beverage Volume
We measure our sales volume in two ways: (1) unit cases of finished products and (2) concentrate sales. A "unit case" is a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings). Unit case volume represents the number of unit cases of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners ("Coca-Cola system") to customers. Unit case volume primarily consists of beverage products bearing Company trademarks. Also included in unit case volume are certain products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company, and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers for which our Company provides marketing support and from the sale of which we derive economic benefit. Such products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company or owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers account for a minimal portion of total unit case volume. In addition, unit case volume includes sales by joint ventures in which the Company is a partner. Unit case volume is derived based on estimates supplied by our bottling partners and distributors. Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates, syrups, beverage bases and powders (in all cases expressed in equivalent unit cases) sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. Most of our revenues are based on concentrate sales, a primarily wholesale activity. Unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates are not necessarily equal during any given period. Factors such as seasonality, bottlers' inventory practices, supply point changes, timing of price increases, new product introductions and changes in product mix can impact unit case volume and concentrate sales and can create differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates.
Percentage Change
2008 versus 2007
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Unit Cases 1, 2, 3 Concentrate Sales
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Worldwide 6 % 5 %
Africa (1 ) 3
Eurasia 13 14
European Union 3 2
Latin America 9 5
North America - 2
Pacific 10 8
Bottling Investments 40 N/A
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1 Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only.
2 Geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated.
3 Unit case volume percentage change is based on average daily sales. Unit case volume growth based on average daily sales is computed by comparing the average daily sales in each of the corresponding periods. Average daily sales for each quarter are the unit cases sold during the quarter divided by the number of days in the quarter.
Unit Case Volume
Although most of our Company's revenues are not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures trends at the consumer level.
In Africa, unit case volume decreased 1 percent in the first quarter of 2008 versus the comparable period of the prior year. This decline was primarily due to a 9 percent volume decline in South Africa and a 1 percent decline in Nigeria, partially offset by unit case volume growth in East and Central Africa and North and West Africa. The volume decline in South Africa was primarily due to supply chain issues resulting from carbon dioxide shortages. Our system is currently investing in manufacturing capabilities that would allow us to produce our own supply of carbon dioxide to mitigate the risk of future shortages.
In Eurasia, unit case volume grew 13 percent in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the first quarter of 2007. Turkey, Russia, India and Eastern Europe drove results, each realizing double-digit unit case volume growth during the period. Unit case volume in India increased 13 percent during the quarter, reflecting double-digit growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and still beverages.
Unit case volume in the European Union increased 3 percent in the first quarter of 2008 versus the comparable period of the prior year. The volume growth during the quarter reflected double-digit growth in still beverages and 2 percent growth in sparkling beverages. Unit case volume increased mid single-digits in Great Britain, its second consecutive quarter of growth. Germany also realized 2 percent volume growth during the quarter.
Unit case volume in Latin America increased 9 percent in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the first quarter of 2007. The results for the quarter included unit case volume growth in all key markets, a 5 percent increase in Trademark Coca-Cola and the benefit of acquisitions. Unit case volume in Mexico increased 11 percent, primarily related to 6 percent growth in brand Coca-Cola and
the successful integration of Jugos del Valle, S.A.B. de C.V. ("Jugos del Valle"), which contributed 4 percent of growth. In Brazil, unit case volume grew 11 percent, primarily due to solid growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and the current period impact of Leao Junior acquired at the end of the first quarter in 2007. Argentina realized 5 percent unit case volume growth, which was largely attributable to strong sparkling beverage growth led by Trademark Coca-Cola.
In North America, unit case volume was even in the first quarter of 2008 versus the comparable period of the prior year, reflecting a difficult U.S. economic environment. Retail unit case volume increased 2 percent, including a benefit from acquisitions, while Foodservice and Hospitality declined 4 percent, reflecting the challenging foodservice industry environment. Unit case volume for the still beverages category increased 10 percent, partially offset by a 3 percent decline in unit case volume in the sparkling beverages category. The increase in unit case volume for still beverages is primarily the result of the strong performance of glacéau and Fuze, which continue to increase ahead of our expectations, as well as mid single-digit growth in warehouse-delivered chilled juices. Warehouse-delivered chilled juices included double-digit growth in Trademark Simply and the expansion of Minute Maid Enhanced Juices. The unit case volume decline in sparkling beverages was primarily due to the decline in Foodservice and other on-premise businesses. However, Coca-Cola Zero delivered a strong performance, increasing unit case volume more than 40 percent in the first quarter of 2008. North America's first quarter 2007 results do not include unit case volume for Fuze and glacéau, which were acquired at the end of the first quarter and in the second quarter of 2007, respectively.
In the Pacific, unit case volume increased 10 percent in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the first quarter of 2007. Pacific's unit case volume growth was led by 20 percent growth in China and 21 percent growth in the Philippines. Japan achieved slight positive unit case volume growth in the quarter. This was Japan's sixth consecutive quarter of growth. Unit case volume growth in Japan included double-digit growth in Trademark Coca-Cola driven by the success of Coca-Cola Zero and the execution of our three-cola strategy (focusing on driving unit case volume growth for Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke or Coca-Cola light). Georgia Coffee unit case volume increased 1 percent in the quarter, achieving its second consecutive quarter of growth. The growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and Georgia Coffee was partially offset by mid single-digit unit case volume declines in Sokenbicha and Aquarius, primarily due to unfavorable weather. The unit case volume growth in China was led by double-digit growth in Trademark Coca-Cola, Trademark Sprite and Minute Maid. The unit case volume growth in the Philippines was primarily due to the double-digit growth in Trademark Coca-Cola that resulted from successful marketing campaigns and market execution.
Unit case volume for Bottling Investments increased 40 percent in the first quarter of 2008 versus the comparable period of the prior year primarily due to the prior year acquisition of certain bottlers, including CCBPI, 18 bottling and distribution operations in Germany and Nordeste Refrigerantes S.A. ("NORSA"). The unit case volume growth during the quarter also reflects the overall improving health of the Company's consolidated bottling operations.
Concentrate Sales Volume
For the first quarter of 2008, differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates for all segments were primarily due to timing of concentrate shipments and inventory related to upcoming product introductions. In Latin America, the inclusion of Jugos del Valle contributed to unit case volume growth. However, Jugos del Valle does not contribute to concentrate sales volume, since the Company does not sell concentrate to Jugos del Valle.
Net Operating Revenues
Net operating revenues were $7,379 million in the first quarter of 2008, compared to $6,103 million in the first quarter of 2007, an increase of $1,276 million or 21 percent.
Percentage Change
2008 versus 2007
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Increase in concentrate sales volume 5 %
Structural changes 5
Price and product/geographic mix 2
Impact of currency fluctuations versus the U.S. dollar 9
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Total percentage increase 21 %
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Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" for a discussion of concentrate sales volume. Also included in concentrate sales volume is the impact of acquired beverage companies, including, among others, glacéau, and the acquisition of trademarks.
Structural changes increased net operating revenues by 5 percent for the first quarter of 2008 compared to the first quarter of 2007, primarily due to the acquisition of CCBPI toward the end of the first quarter of 2007 and the acquisitions of NORSA and 18 German bottling and distribution operations in the third quarter of 2007.
Price and product/geographic mix increased net operating revenues by 2 percent for the first quarter of 2008 versus the comparable period in 2007, primarily due to favorable pricing and product/package mix across the segments.
The favorable impact of currency fluctuations for the first quarter of 2008 versus the comparable period in 2007, was driven primarily by a stronger euro, Japanese yen and Brazilian real, which favorably impacted the European Union, Pacific, Latin America and Bottling Investments operating segments.
Gross Profit
Gross profit margin decreased to 64.4 percent in the first quarter of 2008 from 64.9 percent in the first quarter of 2007. Our gross profit margin was unfavorably impacted by the acquisitions of CCBPI and Leao Junior during the first quarter of 2007, the acquisition of glacéau in the second quarter of 2007, and the acquisitions of NORSA and 18 German bottling and distribution operations during the third quarter of 2007. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" and Note L of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Generally, bottling and finished product operations produce higher net revenues but lower gross profit margins compared to concentrate and syrup operations. Our gross profit margin was also unfavorably impacted by product mix and increases in the cost of raw materials and freight.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
The following table sets forth the significant components of selling,
general and administrative expenses (in millions):
Three Months Ended
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March 28, 2008 March 30, 2007
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Selling and advertising expenses $ 2,054 $ 1,611
General and administrative expenses 674 638
Stock-based compensation expense 75 76
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Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 2,803 $ 2,325
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Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $478 million or 21 percent for the first quarter of 2008 as compared to the first quarter of 2007. Approximately 17 percent of the increase is attributable to bottler acquisitions, increased costs from brand acquisitions and the impact of foreign currency. The remaining 4 percent increase was primarily related to increased marketing and innovation activities designed to drive growth in the business while controlling general and administrative expenses as we focus on productivity and expense management. General and administrative expenses also benefited from the impact of amendments made to the U.S. retiree medical plan during 2007. Refer to Note G of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of March 28, 2008, there was approximately $645 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock-based compensation arrangements granted under our plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years. This expected cost does not include the impact of any future stock-based compensation awards.
Other Operating Charges
Other operating charges incurred by operating segment were as follows (in
millions):
Three Months Ended
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March 28, 2008 March 30, 2007
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Africa $ - $ 2
North America 2 -
Bottling Investments - 2
Corporate 76 2
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Other operating charges $ 78 $ 6
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Other operating charges in the first quarter of 2008 primarily related to restructuring costs and the impairment of certain assets. These restructuring costs are related to the steps the Company took to streamline and simplify its operations globally. These costs are primarily related to the plan to close a beverage concentrate manufacturing and distribution plant in Drogheda, Ireland, as well as streamlining activities in other selected business units. The total cost of these restructuring activities is expected to be approximately $345 million. The Company has incurred total pretax expenses of approximately $287 million related to these restructuring activities since they commenced, and expects to expense the remainder of these charges during 2008. The expected payback period is three to four years. Refer to Note K of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The impairment of certain assets is related to the write-down of manufacturing lines that produce product packaging materials. Refer to Note H of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Operating Income and Operating Margin
Information about our operating income by operating segment on a percentage
basis is as follows:
Three Months Ended
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March 28, 2008 March 30, 2007
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Africa 6.7 % 6.9 %
Eurasia 7.7 5.3
European Union 36.9 37.1
Latin America 27.0 25.5
North America 17.3 21.3
Pacific 20.7 22.9
Bottling Investments 0.9 (0.1 )
Corporate (17.2 ) (18.9 )
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100.0 % 100.0 %
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Information about our operating margin by operating segment is as follows:
Three Months Ended
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March 28, 2008 March 30, 2007
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Consolidated 25.4 % 26.7 %
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Africa 41.7 % 37.3 %
Eurasia 49.0 44.6
European Union 66.1 65.5
Latin America 60.0 60.9
North America 17.2 20.8
Pacific 42.5 41.8
Bottling Investments 0.8 (0.1 )
Corporate * *
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* Calculation is not meaningful.
Operating income was $1,874 million in the first quarter of 2008, compared to $1,627 million in the first quarter of 2007, an increase of $247 million or 15 percent. As demonstrated by the tables above, the percentage contribution to operating income and operating margin by each operating segment fluctuated between the periods. Operating income and operating margin by operating segment were influenced by a variety of factors and events, including the following:
º •
º In the first quarter of 2008, foreign currency exchange rates
favorably impacted operating income by approximately 11 percent,
primarily related to a stronger euro, Japanese yen and Brazilian real,
which impacted the European Union, Pacific, Latin America and Bottling
Investments operating segments. Based on current expectations of
market rates for the remainder of the year and benefits of hedging
coverage in place, the Company currently expects a favorable currency
impact on 2008 operating income in the mid single-digit range.
º •
º In the first quarter of 2008, price increases across the majority of
operating segments favorably impacted both operating income and
operating margins.
º •
º In the first quarter of 2008, increased spending on marketing and
innovation activities impacted the majority of the operating segments'
operating income and operating margins. Refer to the heading "Selling,
General and Administrative Expenses."
º •
º In the first quarter of 2008, operating income was reduced by
approximately $2 million for North America and $76 million for
Corporate as a result of restructuring activities and impairment of
certain assets.
º •
º In the first quarter of 2008, the decrease in operating income and
operating margin for North America was also unfavorably impacted by
increases in the cost of raw materials and product mix, primarily as a
result of the finished goods businesses.
º •
º In the first quarter of 2007, operating income was reduced by
approximately $2 million for Africa, $6 million for Bottling
Investments and $2 million for Corporate as a result of restructuring
activities and impairment of certain assets.
Interest Income
In the first quarter of 2008, interest income increased by $28 million compared to the first quarter of 2007. This increase was primarily due to higher average short-term investment balances in locations outside the U.S.
Interest Expense
In the first quarter of 2008, interest expense increased by $46 million compared to the first quarter of 2007, primarily due to higher average short-term and long-term debt balances. The additional interest expense associated with the increase of carrying indebtedness was partially offset by a decline in interest rates on average short-term debt balances issued in the U.S.
Equity Income - Net
Our Company's share of income from equity method investments for the first quarter of 2008 totaled $137 million, compared to $20 million in the first quarter of 2007, an increase of $117 million. In the first quarter of 2007, equity income was impacted by a $73 million charge, primarily related to a write-off of excess and obsolete bottles and cases at CCBPI. Equity income - net also increased due to our proportionate share of increased net income from certain of our equity method investees as a result of the overall improving health of the Coca-Cola bottling system in most of the world and the favorable impact of foreign exchange fluctuations. Additionally, the Company benefited by approximately $5 million for our proportionate share of one-time adjustments recorded by our equity method investees. None of the one-time adjustments was individually significant. The net benefit impacted the Bottling Investments operating segment.
Other income (loss) - net was a loss of $11 million for the first quarter of 2008 compared to income of $116 million for the first quarter of 2007. This line item, in both periods, included the impact of foreign exchange losses, accretion of expense related to certain acquisitions and minority shareowners' proportional share of net income of certain consolidated subsidiaries. In the first quarter of 2007, other income (loss) - net included a gain of approximately $137 million resulting from the sale of our equity investment in Vonpar and the sale of real estate in Spain.
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate reflects tax benefits derived from significant operations outside the United States, which are generally taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 35 percent. A change in the mix of pretax income from these various tax jurisdictions can have a significant impact on the Company's periodic effective tax rate.
Our effective tax rate was 23.0 percent for the first quarter of 2008 compared to 27.0 percent for the first quarter of 2007. In addition to changes in pretax income among the various tax jurisdictions in which we operate, there were several other items that impacted our effective tax rate.
For the first quarter of 2008, our effective tax rate included the following:
º •
º the impact of an approximate 17 percent combined effective tax rate on
restructuring charges and asset impairments (refer to Note H of Notes
to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements);
º •
º a net tax charge related to one-time items recorded by our equity
method investees of approximately $14 million (refer to Note I of
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements); and
º •
º a net tax charge of approximately $2 million related to amounts
required to be recorded for changes to our uncertain tax positions
under Interpretation No. 48, interest and penalties (refer to Note J
of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).
For the first quarter of 2007, our effective tax rate included the following:
º •
º the impact of an approximate 3 percent combined effective tax rate on
asset impairments primarily due to our proportionate share of the
impairment of assets related to CCBPI (refer to Note I of Notes to
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements);
º •
º a tax charge primarily related to the gains on the sale of our equity
interest in Vonpar and real estate in Spain recorded at a combined
effective tax rate of 53 percent, or approximately $73 million (refer
to Note I of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements);
and
º •
º a tax charge of approximately $11 million related to amounts required
to be recorded for changes to our uncertain tax positions under
Interpretation No. 48, interest and penalties (refer to Note J of
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).
Based on current tax laws, the Company's effective tax rate on operations for 2008 is expected to be approximately 22.0 percent before considering the effect of any discrete items that may affect our tax rate.