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CFNL > SEC Filings for CFNL > Form 10-K on 17-Mar-2008All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-K for CARDINAL FINANCIAL CORP


17-Mar-2008

Annual Report


Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following presents management's discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition at December 31, 2007 and 2006 and the results of our operations for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005. The discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report.

Caution About Forward-Looking Statements

We make certain forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding our profitability, liquidity, allowance for loan losses, interest rate sensitivity, market risk, growth strategy, and financial and other goals. The words "believes," "expects," "may," "will," "should," "projects," "contemplates," "anticipates," "forecasts," "intends," or other similar words or terms are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements are subject to significant uncertainties because they are based upon or are affected by factors including:

º •
º the ability to successfully manage our growth or implement our growth strategies if we are unable to identify attractive markets, locations or opportunities to expand in the future;

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º changes in interest rates and the successful management of interest rate risk;

º •
º risks inherent in making loans such as repayment risks and fluctuating collateral values;

º •
º maintaining cost controls and asset quality as we open or acquire new branches;

º •
º maintaining capital levels adequate to support our growth;

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º reliance on our management team, including our ability to attract and retain key personnel;

º •
º competition with other banks and financial institutions, and companies outside of the banking industry, including those companies that have substantially greater access to capital and other resources;

º •
º changes in general economic and business conditions in our market area;

º •
º risks and uncertainties related to future trust operations;

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º changes in operations of Wilson/Bennett Capital Management, Inc., its customer base and assets under management and any associated impact on the fair value of goodwill in the future;

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º demand, development and acceptance of new products and services;

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º problems with technology utilized by us;

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º changing trends in customer profiles and behavior;

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º changes in banking, other laws and regulations applicable to us; and

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º other factors discussed in "Risk Factors" in Item 1A above.

Because of these uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, our past results of operations do not necessarily indicate our future results.

Overview

We are a locally managed financial holding company headquartered in Tysons Corner, Virginia, committed to providing superior customer service, a diversified mix of financial products and services,


and convenient banking to our retail and business consumers. We own Cardinal Bank (the "Bank"), a Virginia state-chartered community bank, Cardinal Wealth Services, Inc. ("CWS"), an investment services subsidiary, and Wilson/Bennett Capital Management, Inc. ("Wilson/Bennett"), an asset management firm. Through these three subsidiaries and George Mason Mortgage, LLC ("George Mason"), a mortgage banking subsidiary of the Bank, we offer a wide range of traditional banking products and services to both our commercial and retail customers. Our commercial relationship managers focus on attracting small and medium sized businesses as well as government contractors, commercial real estate developers and builders and professionals, such as physicians, accountants and attorneys. We have 25 branch office locations and seven mortgage banking office locations and provide competitive products and services. We complement our core banking operations by offering a full range of investment products and services to our customers through our third-party brokerage relationship with Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. and asset management services through Wilson/Bennett.

On February 9, 2006, we acquired certain fiduciary and other assets and assumed certain liabilities of FBR National Trust Company, formerly a subsidiary of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc. Services provided by this division include trust, estates, custody, investment management, escrows, and retirement plans. The trust division is included, along with CWS and Wilson/Bennett, in the wealth management and trust services segment.

On June 9, 2005, we acquired Wilson/Bennett for a total consideration of $6.5 million, which consisted of a payment of $1.5 million in cash and the issuance of 611,111 shares of our common stock, which we valued at $4.9 million. Wilson/Bennett's assets and liabilities were recorded at fair value as of the purchase date. This transaction resulted in the recognition of $3.6 million of goodwill and $2.6 million of other intangible assets. Wilson/Bennett uses a value-oriented approach that focuses on large capitalization stocks. Wilson/Bennett's primary source of revenue is management fees earned on the assets it manages for its customers. These management fees are generally based upon the market value of managed and custodial assets and, accordingly, revenues from Wilson/Bennett will be, assuming a consistent customer base, more when appropriate indices, such as the S&P 500, are higher and lower when such indices are depressed.

In July 2004, we acquired George Mason. George Mason, based in Fairfax, Virginia, engages primarily in the origination and acquisition of residential mortgages for sale into the secondary market on a best efforts basis through seven branches located throughout the metropolitan Washington, D.C. region. George Mason does business in eight states, primarily Virginia and Maryland, and the District of Columbia. George Mason is one of the largest residential mortgage originators in the greater Washington metropolitan area, generating originations of approximately $2.2 billion and $3.0 billion of loans in 2007 and 2006, respectively, excluding advances on construction loans and including loans purchased from other mortgage banking companies which are owned by local home builders but managed by George Mason (the "managed companies"). George Mason's primary sources of revenue include net interest income earned on loans held for sale, gains on sales of loans and contractual management fees earned relating to services provided to the managed companies. Loans are made pursuant to purchase commitments and are sold servicing released.

George Mason also offers a construction-to-permanent loan program. This program provides variable and fixed rate financing for customers to construct their residences. Once the home has been completed, the loan converts to fixed rate financing and is sold into the secondary market. These construction-to-permanent loans generate fee income as well as net interest income for George Mason and are classified as loans held for sale.

George Mason's business is both cyclical and seasonal. The cyclical nature of its business is influenced by, among other factors, the levels of and trends in mortgage interest rates, national and local economic conditions and consumer confidence in the economy. Historically, George Mason has its lowest levels of quarterly loan closings during the first quarter of the year.


In July 2004, we formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, Cardinal Statutory Trust I, for the purpose of issuing $20.0 million of floating rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures ("trust preferred securities"). These trust preferred securities are due in 2034 and pay interest at a rate equal to LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) plus 2.40%, which adjusts quarterly. These securities are redeemable at par beginning September 2009. Under certain qualifying events, these securities are redeemable at a premium through March 2008 and at par thereafter. The interest rate on this debt was 7.39% at December 31, 2007. We have guaranteed payment of these securities. The $20.6 million payable by us to Cardinal Statutory Trust I is included in other borrowed funds in the consolidated statements of condition since Cardinal Statutory Trust I is an unconsolidated subsidiary as we are not the primary beneficiary of this entity. We utilized the proceeds from the issuance of the trust preferred securities to make a capital contribution into the Bank.

Net interest income is our primary source of revenue. We define revenue as net interest income plus non-interest income. As discussed further in the interest rate sensitivity section, we manage our balance sheet and interest rate risk exposure to maximize, and concurrently stabilize, net interest income. We do this by monitoring our liquidity position and the spread between the interest rates earned on interest-earning assets and the interest rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. We attempt to minimize our exposure to interest rate risk, but are unable to eliminate it entirely. In addition to management of interest rate risk, we also analyze our loan portfolio for exposure to credit risk. Loan defaults and foreclosures are inherent risks in the banking industry and we attempt to limit our exposure to these risks by carefully underwriting and then monitoring our extensions of credit. In addition to net interest income, non-interest income is an important source of revenue for us and includes, among other things, service charges on deposits and loans, investment fee income and gains and losses on sales of investment securities available-for-sale, gains on sales of loans and management fee income.

Net interest income and non-interest income represented the following percentages of total revenue for the three years ended December 31, 2007:

                               Net Interest   Non-Interest
                                  Income         Income
                               ------------   ------------
                        2007           67.4 %         32.6 %
                        2006           65.6 %         34.4 %
                        2005           60.3 %         39.7 %

Non-interest income is a lower percentage of our total revenue in 2007 than 2006 and 2005 because mortgage originations were lower due to the cyclical nature of the mortgage banking business.

Current Business Environment

During the second half of 2007, extreme dislocations emerged in the financial markets, including the leveraged finance, subprime mortgage, and commercial paper markets. These financial conditions continue to negatively affect the economy and the financial services sector in 2008. The slowdown of the economy, significant decline in consumer real estate prices, and the downturn in the housing sector have affected our mortgage banking business and may impact our commercial and retail loan portfolio. We expect that certain industry sectors, in particular those that are dependent on the housing sector, will experience further stress.

The subprime mortgage dislocation has also impacted the ratings of certain monoline insurance providers (monolines) which has affected the pricing of certain municipal securities and the liquidity of the short term public finance markets. We have some exposure to monolines and as a result are continuing to monitor this exposure as the markets evolve. Of the $33.7 million in our municipal securities portfolio, $31.2 million remain AAA rated while approximately $2.5 million were downgraded to single A status after December 31, 2007, due to the downgrades of the monoline insurance


companies that insured those bonds. These bonds remain unlimited general obligations of the municipalities.

The above conditions, together with uncertainty in energy costs and the overall economic slowdown, which may ultimately lead to recessionary conditions, might affect other areas in which we do business and may adversely impact our results in 2008. The degree of the impact is dependent upon the duration and severity of the aforementioned conditions in this rapidly changing business and interest rate environment

Financial Developments

The year ended December 31, 2007 was our fifth consecutive year of profitability. For the year, we reported net income of $4.5 million. George Mason contributed $1.6 million to consolidated net income during 2007. The wealth management and trust services segment, which includes CWS, Wilson/Bennett and our trust division, recorded a net loss for 2007 totaling $1.8 million. This segment reported a loss because of $3.5 million in expense resulting from an arrangement where we served as the escrow agent in connection with an equity financing transaction between Liberty Growth Fund and AIMS Worldwide. The $3.5 million expense caused by this transaction is discussed in detail in the "Financial Overview" section below.

Total assets increased by $51.6 million in 2007, from $1.64 billion at December 31, 2006, to $1.69 billion at December 31, 2007. Total loans receivable, net of deferred fees and costs, increased to $1.04 billion at December 31, 2007, compared to $845.4 million at December 31, 2006, an increase of $194.2 million. Total deposits decreased by $122.0 million in 2007, from $1.22 billion at December 31, 2006, to $1.10 billion at December 31, 2007. Total other borrowed funds increased by $205.4 million to $400.1 million at December 31, 2007 compared to $194.6 million at December 31, 2006.

For the year ended December 31, 2006, we reported net income of $7.4 million. George Mason contributed $1.9 million to consolidated net income during 2006. The wealth management and trust services segment, which includes CWS, Wilson/Bennett and the trust services division since the date of its acquisition, February 9, 2006, recorded a net loss of $2.0 million. This segment reported a loss as a result of the unexpected retirement of John W. Fisher, Wilson/Bennett's founder, Chief Executive Officer and President, which caused a non-cash impairment charge of $2.9 million. This charge is discussed in detail in the "Financial Overview" section below.

Total assets increased by $186.1 million in 2006, from $1.45 billion at December 31, 2005, to $1.64 billion at December 31, 2006. Total loans receivable, net of deferred fees and costs, increased to $845.4 million at December 31, 2006, compared to $705.6 million at December 31, 2005, an increase of $139.8 million. Total deposits increased by $149.0 million in 2006, from $1.07 billion at December 31, 2005, to $1.22 billion at December 31, 2006. Total other borrowed funds increased by $39.2 million to $194.6 million at December 31, 2006 compared to $155.4 million at December 31, 2005.

For the year ended December 31, 2005, we had net income of $9.9 million, or $0.44 per diluted common share. George Mason contributed $6.7 million to consolidated net income during 2005. The wealth management and trust services segment, which included CWS and Wilson/Bennett from the date of its acquisition, June 9, 2005, recorded net income of $1,000 for 2005.

Critical Accounting Policies

General

U.S. generally accepted accounting principles are complex and require management to apply significant judgment to various accounting, reporting, and disclosure matters. Management must use assumptions, judgments, and estimates when applying these principles where precise measurements are not possible or practical. These policies are critical because they are highly dependent upon subjective or complex judgments, assumptions and estimates. Changes in such judgments, assumptions and estimates may have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements. Actual results, in fact, could differ from initial estimates.


The accounting policies we view as critical are those relating to judgments, assumptions and estimates regarding the determination of the allowance for loan losses, accounting for economic hedging activities, accounting for business combinations and impairment testing of goodwill, accounting for the impairment of amortizing intangible assets and other long-lived assets, and the valuation of deferred tax assets.

Allowance for Loan Losses

We maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level that represents management's best estimate of known and inherent losses in our loan portfolio. Both the amount of the provision expense and the level of the allowance for loan losses are impacted by many factors, including general and industry-specific economic conditions, actual and expected credit losses, historical trends and specific conditions of individual borrowers. Unusual and infrequently occurring events, such as hurricanes and other weather-related disasters, may impact our assessment of possible credit losses. As a part of our analysis, we use comparative peer group data and qualitative factors, such as levels of and trends in delinquencies and non-accrual loans, national and local economic trends and conditions and concentrations of loans exhibiting similar risk profiles to support our estimates.

For purposes of our analysis, we categorize our loans into one of five categories: commercial and industrial, commercial real estate (including construction), home equity lines of credit, residential mortgages, and consumer loans. In the absence of meaningful historical loss factors, peer group loss factors are applied and are adjusted by the qualitative factors mentioned above. The indicated loss factors resulting from this analysis are applied for each of the five categories of loans. In addition, we individually assign loss factors to all loans that have been identified as having loss attributes, as indicated by deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or a decline in underlying collateral value if the loan is collateral dependent. Since we have limited historical data on which to base loss factors for classified loans, we typically apply, in accordance with regulatory guidelines, a 5% loss factor to all loans classified as special mention, a 15% loss factor to all loans classified as substandard and a 50% loss factor to all loans classified as doubtful. Loans classified as loss loans are fully reserved or charged off. In certain instances, we evaluate the impairment of certain loans on a loan by loan basis. For these loans, we analyze the fair value of the collateral underlying the loan and consider estimated costs to sell the collateral on a discounted basis. If the net collateral value is less than the loan balance (including accrued interest and any unamortized premium or discount associated with the loan) we recognize an impairment and establish a specific reserve for the impaired loan.

Credit losses are an inherent part of our business and, although we believe the methodologies for determining the allowance for loan losses and the current level of the allowance are adequate, it is possible that there may be unidentified losses in the portfolio at any particular time that may become evident at a future date pursuant to additional internal analysis or regulatory comment. Additional provisions for such losses, if necessary, would be recorded in the commercial banking or mortgage banking segments, as appropriate, and would negatively impact earnings.

Accounting for Economic Hedging Activities

We account for our derivatives and hedging activities in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities, as amended, which requires that all derivative instruments be recorded on the statement of condition at their fair values. We do not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes. For derivatives designated as hedges, we contemporaneously document the hedging relationship, including the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, how effectiveness will be assessed at inception and at each reporting period and the method for measuring ineffectiveness. We evaluate the effectiveness of these transactions at inception and on an ongoing basis. Ineffectiveness is recorded through earnings. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the fair value adjustment is


recorded as a component of other comprehensive income, except for the ineffective portion which is recorded in earnings. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, the fair value adjustments for both the hedged item and the hedging instrument are recorded through the income statement with any difference considered the ineffective portion of the hedge.

We discontinue hedge accounting prospectively when it is determined that the derivative is no longer highly effective. In situations in which cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued, we continue to carry the derivative at its fair value on the statement of condition and recognize any subsequent changes in its fair value in earnings over the term of the forecasted transaction. When hedge accounting is discontinued because it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur, we recognize immediately in earnings any gains and losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income.

In the normal course of business, we enter into contractual commitments, including rate lock commitments, to finance residential mortgage loans. These commitments, which contain fixed expiration dates, offer the borrower an interest rate guarantee provided the loan meets underwriting guidelines and closes within the timeframe established by us. Interest rate risk arises on these commitments and subsequently closed loans if interest rates change between the time of the interest rate lock and the delivery of the loan to the investor. Loan commitments related to residential mortgage loans intended to be sold are considered derivatives and are marked to market through earnings.

To mitigate the effect of interest rate risk inherent in providing rate lock commitments, we economically hedge our commitments by entering into best efforts delivery forward loan sales contracts. During the rate lock commitment period, these forward loan sales contracts are marked to market through earnings and are not designated as accounting hedges under SFAS No. 133, as amended. The fair values of loan commitments and the fair values of forward loan sales contracts generally move in opposite directions, and the net impact of changes in these valuations on net income during the loan commitment period is generally inconsequential. At the closing of the loan, the loan commitment derivative expires and we record a loan held for sale and continue to be obligated under the same forward loan sales contract. The forward sales contract is then designated as a hedge against the variability in cash to be received from the loan sale. Loans held for sale are accounted for at the lower of cost or market in accordance with SFAS No. 65, Accounting for Certain Mortgage Banking Activities. Prior to October 1, 2005, the changes in value of the forward loan sales contracts from the date the loan closed to the date it was sold to an investor were marked to market through earnings. On October 1, 2005, we began designating our forward sale contracts as hedges to mitigate the variability in cash flow to be received from the sale of mortgage loans.

Accounting for Business Combinations and Impairment Testing of Goodwill

We account for acquisitions of other businesses in accordance with SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations. This statement mandates the use of purchase accounting and, accordingly, assets and liabilities, including previously unrecorded assets and liabilities, are recorded at fair values as of the acquisition date. We utilize a variety of valuation methods to estimate fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. To support our purchase allocations, we have utilized independent consultants to identify and value identifiable purchased intangibles. The difference between the fair value of assets acquired and the liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill and any other intangible assets are accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. In accordance with this statement, goodwill will not be amortized but will be tested on at least an annual basis for impairment.

To test goodwill for impairment, we perform an analysis to compare the fair value of the reporting unit to which the goodwill is assigned to the carrying value of the reporting unit. We make estimates of the discounted cash flows from the expected future operations of the reporting unit. If the analysis indicates that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we do an analysis to


compare the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The implied fair value of the goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all its assets and liabilities. If the implied fair value of the goodwill is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized.

Accounting for the Impairment of Amortizing Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets

In accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, we continually review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the remaining estimated useful life of such assets might warrant revision or that the balances may not be recoverable. We evaluate possible impairment by comparing estimated future cash flows, before interest expense and on an undiscounted basis, with the net book value of long-term assets, including amortizable intangible assets. If undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover assets, further analysis is performed in order to determine the amount of the impairment.

An impairment loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying amount of the assets over their fair values. Fair value is usually determined based on the present value of estimated expected future cash flows using a discount rate commensurate with the risks involved.

Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets

We record a provision for income tax expense based on the amounts of current taxes payable or refundable and the change in net deferred tax assets or liabilities during the year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax effects of differing carrying values of assets and liabilities for tax and financial statement purposes that will reverse in future periods. When substantial uncertainty exists concerning the recoverability of a deferred tax asset, the carrying value of the asset is reduced by a valuation allowance. The amount of any valuation allowance established is based upon an estimate of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be recovered. Increases or decreases in the valuation allowance result in increases or decreases to the provision for income taxes.

New Financial Accounting Standards

On July 13, 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48 ("FIN No. 48"), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes: an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109. This interpretation clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an entity's financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. FIN No. 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement principles for financial statement disclosure of tax . . .

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